International Archives of Allergy and Immunology最新文献

{"title":"TXK Functional Variants Contribute to Asthma by Regulating Th1 and Th17 Cytokine Pathways.","authors":"Yang Yie Sio, Yu Liu, Terence Yin Weng Lam, Yee-How Say, Kavita Reginald, Fook Tim Chew","doi":"10.1159/000544798","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000544798","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>TXK regulates IFN-γ expression and T-helper (Th)1 cell-mediated inflammation that underlies the development of neutrophilic asthma; however, its implication in asthma remains uncertain. This study aimed to functionally characterize the role of TXK single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the development of asthma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study is part of an ongoing Singapore/Malaysia Cross-Sectional Genetics and Epidemiological Study (SMCSGES). In a SMCSGES sub-cohort (n = 658), we assessed the associations of TXK mRNA expression with asthma phenotype, SNP genotype, and the mRNA expression of IFN-γ and IL23A in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC). Genetic associations between TXK variants and asthma were investigated in a case-control sub-cohort of SMCSGES (n = 2,407). The functional roles of asthma-associated TXK variants in regulating promoter activity were evaluated by in vitro promoter luciferase assay in THP-1 cells.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified significant associations of upregulated TXK transcript expression with increased asthma risk (p < 0.05) and the increased transcript expressions of both IFN-γ (p < 0.0001) and IL23A (p < 0.0001) in PBMC. The major allele \"T\" of tag-SNP rs2661532 was significantly associated with increased TXK mRNA expression compared to the \"C\" allele (false discovery rate-adjusted p < 0.05). The \"T\" allele of rs2661532 was also significantly associated with a higher risk of asthma (p = 0.0346, odds ratio = 1.171, 95% confidence interval = 1.011-1.357). The in vitro promoter luciferase assay showed the major alleles of rs6819804 and rs74513879 (tagged by rs2661532) resulted in higher promoter activity of the TXK gene (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study identified multiple TXK functional variants associated with asthma by regulating the transcript expression of TXK and downstream Th1 and Th17 cell-mediated inflammatory pathways. These findings suggested that TXK functional variants might be involved in the development of neutrophilic asthma.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143457953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Rhinological Symptoms and Quality of Life in Patients with Allergic or Eosinophilic Severe Uncontrolled Asthma Treated with Anti-IgE or Anti-IL5 Therapy: A Real-Live Study.","authors":"Edyta Jura-Szoltys, Aleksandra Niemiec-Górska, Joanna Glück, Olga Branicka, Radoslaw Gawlik","doi":"10.1159/000544039","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000544039","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Patients with asthma have a higher incidence of allergic or nonallergic persistent rhinitis, and chronic rhinosinusitis with or without nasal polyps. The nasal symptoms significantly reduce quality of life and substantially affect the asthma control among these patients. Because of no complete knowledge of the etiology of rhinological symptoms, in some patients the proposed therapeutic options are still ineffective. Recommended pharmacotherapy, immunotherapy, and surgical treatment do not have the expected therapeutic effect in some patients. More recently, biological treatment based on phenotyping has become a new alternative therapeutic option. Currently, omalizumab, a monoclonal antibody with an anti-IgE effect in patients with allergic phenotypes or mepolizumab, an anti-IL-5 biologic that reduces the number of eosinophils, may be used.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;In this single-center, real-live study, authors analyzed effects of biological treatment on rhinological symptoms in patients over the age of 18 with severe uncontrolled bronchial asthma with coexisting persistent allergic rhinitis treated with omalizumab or uncontrolled bronchial asthma with coexisting chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps treated with mepolizumab. In all patients, the otolaryngologist performed anterior rhinoscopy. Evaluation of rhinological symptoms and quality of life in patients treated with anti-IgE or anti-IL5 therapy before and 6 months after biological treatment was performed using the TNSS and SNOT-22 scales. The sub-analysis of changes in rhinological symptoms was also performed in a group of patients with N-ERD regardless of eosinophilic or allergic asthma phenotype.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 48 patients (9 male, 18%) with severe chronic bronchial asthma treated with biologics were included into the study. Among them, there were 26 (54%) patients with allergic asthma and persistent allergic rhinitis treated with omalizumab, and 22 (46%) with eosinophilic asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps treated with mepolizumab. In both groups, 6 months of treatment with omalizumab or mepolizumab resulted in significant improvement in relation to all rhinological symptoms assessed with TNSS and SNOT-22 scales. There was a significant increase in the number of patients with smell improvement in the mepolizumab-treated group. Improvements in all rhinitis symptoms and quality of life assessed by TNSS and SNOT-22 scales after 6 months of treatment were comparable in NSAIDs-sensitive versus NSAIDs-tolerant patients regardless of type of monoclonal antibodies used.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Six-month phenotyping-based biological therapy with omalizumab in patients with chronic allergic rhinitis accompanied by several bronchial asthma or with mepolizumab in patients with chronic sinusitis with nasal polyps accompanied by several bronchial asthma showed significant improvement in rhinological sy","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143457951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hereditary Alpha Tryptasemia: Survey of Concomitant Genetic Testing.","authors":"Joseph H Butterfield, Arveen K Bhasin, Leah L Ishmael, Jacqueline D Squire","doi":"10.1159/000544704","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000544704","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Hereditary alpha tryptasemia (HαT) affects 4-6% of the general population. Inherited as a Mendelian dominant, HαT has a variable phenotypic expression. Many patients have no obvious symptoms. There is a dearth of reports of possible co-inheritance of other genetic abnormalities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We examined records of 69 Mayo Clinic patients with HαT for the results of any additional genetic studies obtained during routine or focused evaluations. Clinical records of patients evaluated for baseline tryptase values >8 ng/mL testing positive for the TPSAB1 mutation were reviewed. Screening genetic tests obtained during standard care and/or for evaluation of clinical symptoms were recorded as well as inciting symptoms that led to tryptase determination, the serum tryptase level, alpha- and beta-tryptase gene copy numbers, and the urinary mast cell mediator metabolites.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Bone marrow biopsies for systemic mastocytosis and the presence of either a KIT Asp816Val, or Janus kinase 2 Val617Phe mutation were negative. Genetic tests were diverse and included nearly 1,000 suspect genes in 1 case and one to several hundred in others. There was no genetic testing in 19 patients and normal genetic test findings in 37 patients. A group of 8 patients showed at least one genetic abnormality and in a group of 5 patients, both normal and abnormal genetic findings were present. There was no clustering of genetic tests or relation to the inciting symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Genetic testing, often extensive, was obtained in 73% of these HαT patients. Most of these results were normal and did not suggest the presence of a concomitant genetic disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143448903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Growing Cause of Food Allergies in Children: Sesame.","authors":"Funda Aytekin Güvenir, Gökhan Yörüsün, Cankat Geniş, Deniz Yılmaz, Ahmet Selmanoğlu, Zeynep Şengül Emeksiz, Emine Dibek Mısırlıoğlu","doi":"10.1159/000544769","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000544769","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Sesame allergy has been seen with increasing frequency in recent years and is one of the important causes of food anaphylaxis. The aim of our study was to examine the clinical and laboratory features of patients with sesame allergy and to evaluate the characteristics of sesame-related anaphylaxis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients diagnosed with sesame allergy at Ankara Bilkent City Hospital between January 2017 and June 2024 were included in the study. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data of the patients were obtained from medical records.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sesame allergies were detected in 70 patients during the study period. Of these patients, 44 (62.9%) were male, and the median age at the onset of symptoms was 12 (interquartile range [IQR]: 9-18) months. Thirty-two patients presented with anaphylaxis (45.7%), 31 with urticaria/angioedema (44.3%), and 7 with atopic dermatitis (10%). A total of 59 patients (84.3%) had other food allergies. The most common food allergy was tree nut allergy (54.3%). Sesame-specific IgE levels were higher in patients with anaphylaxis (median 2.8 kU/L IQR: 1.2-17.8) than in those who did not (median 1.6 kU/L IQR: 0.7-4.7). In the multivariate logistic regression model, the presence of a concomitant food allergy (odds ratio: 18.7; CI 1.9-182.6) and being over 1 year of age at the time of the index reaction (odds ratio: 4.1; CI 1.1-15.4) were identified as risk factors for anaphylaxis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Sesame allergy is among the important causes of food allergy and anaphylaxis and generally presents with early-type reactions. It can be seen together with nut and other food allergies.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143448901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"National Trends in Asthma Prevalence among Adolescents in South Korea, 2007-2023: A National Representative Serial Study.","authors":"Juyeong Kim, Yesol Yim, Seoyoung Park, Hyunjee Kim, Lee Smith, Guillermo F López Sánchez, Jaewon Kim, Selin Woo, Dong Keon Yon","doi":"10.1159/000544734","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000544734","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Although previous studies have analyzed trends in asthma prevalence among adolescents before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, research specifically investigating asthma prevalence after the pandemic is lacking. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the long-term trends and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the prevalence of asthma among Korean adolescents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were collected from a nationwide representative study (Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey), conducted among adolescents aged 12-18 years from 2007 to 2023. To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, data were divided into three periods: pre-pandemic (2007-2019), intra-pandemic (2020-2022), and post-pandemic (2023). The prevalence of current asthma and variations in asthma prevalence across the pre-, intra-, and post-pandemic periods were analyzed using weighted linear regression and logistic models with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1,087,236 participants (559,840 males: 51.49%) were included in the analysis from 2007 to 2023. The weighted asthma prevalence exhibited slight fluctuations prior to the pandemic, with no notable overall changes. However, a substantial decline was observed during the intra-pandemic period compared to pre-pandemic (βdiff intra- versus pre-pandemic, -0.11; 95% CI: -0.12 to -0.09), followed by a slight weakening in the post-pandemic period (βdiff post- versus intra-pandemic, 0.07; 95% CI: 0.03-0.10). This trend persisted when analyzed by sex, with males exhibiting a higher prevalence than females throughout the entire period (versus females weighted odds ratio, 1.31; 95% CI: 1.29-1.34). Additionally, prior to the pandemic, the prevalence of asthma was higher among students in grades 7-9. However, after the pandemic began, students in grades 10-12 showed higher prevalence rates than their younger counterparts. The prevalence was also higher among adolescents who were overweight or obese, smoked, lived in facilities, had low household income, consumed fast food more than five times a week, experienced high stress levels, and reported low subjective recovery from fatigue.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This comprehensive study suggests that the prevalence of asthma among adolescents varies with age and may be affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, it identifies key factors contributing to asthma vulnerability, highlighting the importance of developing age-specific policies and targeted interventions for these at-risk groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143414048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clostridia Enhances Intestinal Immunity to Alleviate Ovalbumin-Induced Allergy.","authors":"Tong Zhao, Hong Y Huang, Rui Q Mu, Meng D Lu, Zi M Geng, Su M Hu, Wei W Ma, Cui Zhou","doi":"10.1159/000543973","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543973","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aimed to explore the effect of Clostridia administration on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergy and the relevant underlying mechanism in BALB/c mice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Female BALB/c mice were assigned to three groups: control (C), OVA sensitization (CO), and intervention (IG). All mice were treated with antibiotics to eliminate their intestinal flora. Then, the mice in the CO and IG groups were orally treated with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and Clostridia extract, respectively, followed by OVA sensitization, while the mice in the C group only received PBS during the experiment. Allergic reactions, intestinal barrier function, and composition of the gut flora were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The CO group demonstrated significant allergic reactions when compared to the C and IG groups. The serum levels of interleukin-5 (IL-5) were significantly lower in the IG group than in the CO group. The levels of interferon-γ, transforming growth factor-β1, and T-helper 1 subsets were significantly higher in the IG group than in the CO group. The serum D-lactate level was significantly reduced in the IG group, while IL-22 levels were reduced in the CO group relative to the C group. In addition, tight junction proteins and mucin in the ileal tissues were significantly elevated in the IG group than in the CO group. The relative abundance of Clostridia_UCG014 and Christensenellales was significantly enriched in the feces of mice in the IG group and negatively correlated with the serum sIgG1 level.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Clostridia alleviated food allergy symptoms in mice by regulating their intestinal immune function, improving the intestinal microbial composition, and enhancing the intestinal barrier.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143399105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive Immune Landscape in Allergic Conjunctivitis: Insights from Mendelian Randomization Analysis.","authors":"Yuchen Cai, Tianyi Zhou, Wenjun Shi, Xueyao Cai, Xia Ding, Yao Fu","doi":"10.1159/000543848","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543848","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Current understanding of the immune landscape underlying allergic conjunctivitis (AC) remains rather limited. We investigated the potential association between circulating immunophenotypes and AC using Mendelian randomization (MR) methodology.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Based on genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary-level statistics, a 2-sample MR was employed to analyze the bidirectional causal relationships between 731 circulating immunophenotypes and AC risk.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 33 genetically predicted immunophenotypes were significantly associated with AC risk. A protective effect of 18 immunophenotypes against AC was found, such as CD3 on CD39+CD8br (inverse variance weighted [IVW] odds ratio [OR] = 0.936, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.925-0.985, p = 0.003) and CD25 on CD28+CD4+ (IVW OR = 0.921, 95% CI: 0.863-0.983, p = 0.013). Conversely, 15 immunophenotypes were found to be significantly associated with AC risk, such as CD25 on IgD-CD38dim (IVW OR = 1.042, 95% CI: 1.012-1.073, p = 0.006). Reverse MR based on these 33 genetically predicted immunophenotypes suggested that AC also had a significant influence on four circulating immune cells, including CD33-HLA DR-AC (IVW OR = 1.187, 95% CI: 1.034-1.362, p = 0.015), CD3 on CD39+CD8br (IVW OR = 0.876, 95% CI: 0.779-0.985, p = 0.027), HLA DR on CD14+monocyte (IVW OR = 0.831, 95% CI: 0.725-0.953, p = 0.008), and CD39 on CD39+secreting Treg (IVW OR = 1.123, 95% CI: 1.002-1.259, p = 0.046).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study highlights the intricate association between immune cells and AC, providing a valuable basis for future mechanistic and therapeutic studies from an immunological perspective.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143390936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AhR Causes the Release of Proinflammatory Cytokines and Chemokines and Airway Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction in Allergic Rhinitis via Upregulating SERPINB2.","authors":"Xinhong Lu, Gang Gao, Jiaxin Jin, Xiaobo Huang, Liwei Lin, Maohua Qian, Nimei Shen","doi":"10.1159/000543410","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543410","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Allergic rhinitis (AR) remains a kind of nasal hypersensitivity illness with a considerable surge in incidence across the globe. Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 (SERPINB2) is an inflammatory mediator that can also be activated by aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a nuclear receptor that modulates the response to environmental stimuli. This work was devoted to the investigation into the role of SERPINB2 in AR and its relationship with AhR.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In human nasal epithelial cells (HNEpCs) stimulated with interleukin-4 (IL-4) or histamine, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was adopted for quantifying proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Epithelial barrier function was assessed by transepithelial electrical resistance (TER). Western blot and immunofluorescence staining evaluated tight junction proteins. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and Western blot determined SERPINB2 and AhR expressions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The release of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines was aggravated, TER value was reduced and the expressions of tight junction proteins were downregulated in HNEpCs when induced by IL-4 or histamine. SERPINB2 and AhR were both overexpressed and SERPINB2 depletion relieved inflammatory response and preserved epithelial barrier function in IL-4- or histamine-treated HNEpCs. Besides, AhR knockdown decreased SERPINB2 expression and SERPINB2 upregulation reverted the protective role of AhR silencing in the inflammatory response and epithelial barrier dysfunction in HNEpCs in response to IL-4 or histamine.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Collectively, AhR might activate SERPINB2 to exacerbate inflammation and airway epithelial barrier dysfunction in AR.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143382421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Value of IL-6, D-D, and White Blood Cell Tests in the Diagnosis of Severe Pneumonia.","authors":"Tianfu Xu, Seyan Yan, Saiping Huang","doi":"10.1159/000544042","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000544042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This paper aimed to unravel the value of interleukin-6 (IL-6), D-dimer (D-D), and white blood cell (WBC) tests in the diagnosis of severe pneumonia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty cases of pneumonia patients were selected as the observation group, which were divided into the non-severe group (35 cases) and the severe group (25 cases) following the severity of the disease, and 50 health check-up participants in the same time period were chosen as the control group. The general information of the control and the observation groups was compared; IL-6, D-D, and WBC levels were observed in the non-severe and the severe groups. Logistic multivariate regression analysis was implemented to analyze the independent factors predicting severe pneumonia, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was adopted to observe the diagnostic value of IL-6, D-D, and WBC for severe pneumonia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was no difference in general information between the observation and the control groups, and between the severe and the non-severe groups (p > 0.05); IL-6, D-D, and WBC levels in the severe group were markedly higher relative to the non-severe group; the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that IL-6 (p < 0.05, 95% CI: 1.076-1.443) and D-D (p < 0.05, 95% CI: 1.367-66.079) were independent factors predicting severe pneumonia; the ROC curve analysis revealed that the area under the curves (AUCs) of IL-6, D-D, and WBC were 0.957, 0.874, and 0.639, respectively; the combined AUC of the three was 0.978, demonstrating that the predictive value of the combined test was higher than that of the single test.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>IL-6, D-D, and WBC are significantly elevated in severe pneumonia and have predictive value in severe pneumonia.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143382425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Odorant-Binding Protein in Allergy to Cow Epithelium.","authors":"Luis Alfredo González Guzmán, Cristina Susana González Fernández, Estela Soraya Castromil-Benito, Nerea Gómez-Caballero, Carlos Pastor-Vargas, Manuel Boquete Paris, Francisco Carballada González","doi":"10.1159/000543984","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543984","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In a previous study conducted by the Allergy Section of the HULA, sensitization to an undescribed 25-kDa protein was detected in patients allergic to cow epithelium. Mass spectrometry identified the protein as an odorant-binding protein (OBP), a lipocalin from Bos taurus. Although its association with symptoms has not been proven, recent research suggests that its inclusion in extracts for diagnosis and treatment could be beneficial. This study aimed to evaluate the role of OBP in cow epithelium allergy (CEA) in sensitized patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a descriptive, cross-sectional, observational study of a case series, including a total of 17 patients with confirmed sensitization to cow allergens by immunoblotting. From this cohort, seven participants were selected for further analysis. Data collected included age, sex, occupation, years of exposure, test results, and the group classification to which each participant belonged. OBP was purified and isolated from bull urine, and a lyophilized extract was prepared for skin testing and conjunctival provocation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Skin prick tests with purified OBP were positive in 6 of 7 patients with bovine epithelium allergy. Conjunctival allergen provocation tests were positive in 4 out of 6 patients. All controls were negative in both tests.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>OBP behaves as a major antigen in this cohort of CEA patients. This is the first study to establish the independent clinical relevance of bovine OBP in CEA, paving the way for improved diagnostic and therapeutic protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143189105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}