International Archives of Allergy and Immunology最新文献

{"title":"National Trends in Asthma Prevalence among Adolescents in South Korea, 2007-2023: A National Representative Serial Study.","authors":"Juyeong Kim, Yesol Yim, Seoyoung Park, Hyunjee Kim, Lee Smith, Guillermo F López Sánchez, Jaewon Kim, Selin Woo, Dong Keon Yon","doi":"10.1159/000544734","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000544734","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Although previous studies have analyzed trends in asthma prevalence among adolescents before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, research specifically investigating asthma prevalence after the pandemic is lacking. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the long-term trends and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the prevalence of asthma among Korean adolescents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were collected from a nationwide representative study (Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey), conducted among adolescents aged 12-18 years from 2007 to 2023. To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, data were divided into three periods: pre-pandemic (2007-2019), intra-pandemic (2020-2022), and post-pandemic (2023). The prevalence of current asthma and variations in asthma prevalence across the pre-, intra-, and post-pandemic periods were analyzed using weighted linear regression and logistic models with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1,087,236 participants (559,840 males: 51.49%) were included in the analysis from 2007 to 2023. The weighted asthma prevalence exhibited slight fluctuations prior to the pandemic, with no notable overall changes. However, a substantial decline was observed during the intra-pandemic period compared to pre-pandemic (βdiff intra- versus pre-pandemic, -0.11; 95% CI: -0.12 to -0.09), followed by a slight weakening in the post-pandemic period (βdiff post- versus intra-pandemic, 0.07; 95% CI: 0.03-0.10). This trend persisted when analyzed by sex, with males exhibiting a higher prevalence than females throughout the entire period (versus females weighted odds ratio, 1.31; 95% CI: 1.29-1.34). Additionally, prior to the pandemic, the prevalence of asthma was higher among students in grades 7-9. However, after the pandemic began, students in grades 10-12 showed higher prevalence rates than their younger counterparts. The prevalence was also higher among adolescents who were overweight or obese, smoked, lived in facilities, had low household income, consumed fast food more than five times a week, experienced high stress levels, and reported low subjective recovery from fatigue.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This comprehensive study suggests that the prevalence of asthma among adolescents varies with age and may be affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, it identifies key factors contributing to asthma vulnerability, highlighting the importance of developing age-specific policies and targeted interventions for these at-risk groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143414048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clostridia Enhances Intestinal Immunity to Alleviate Ovalbumin-Induced Allergy.","authors":"Tong Zhao, Hong Y Huang, Rui Q Mu, Meng D Lu, Zi M Geng, Su M Hu, Wei W Ma, Cui Zhou","doi":"10.1159/000543973","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543973","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aimed to explore the effect of Clostridia administration on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergy and the relevant underlying mechanism in BALB/c mice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Female BALB/c mice were assigned to three groups: control (C), OVA sensitization (CO), and intervention (IG). All mice were treated with antibiotics to eliminate their intestinal flora. Then, the mice in the CO and IG groups were orally treated with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and Clostridia extract, respectively, followed by OVA sensitization, while the mice in the C group only received PBS during the experiment. Allergic reactions, intestinal barrier function, and composition of the gut flora were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The CO group demonstrated significant allergic reactions when compared to the C and IG groups. The serum levels of interleukin-5 (IL-5) were significantly lower in the IG group than in the CO group. The levels of interferon-γ, transforming growth factor-β1, and T-helper 1 subsets were significantly higher in the IG group than in the CO group. The serum D-lactate level was significantly reduced in the IG group, while IL-22 levels were reduced in the CO group relative to the C group. In addition, tight junction proteins and mucin in the ileal tissues were significantly elevated in the IG group than in the CO group. The relative abundance of Clostridia_UCG014 and Christensenellales was significantly enriched in the feces of mice in the IG group and negatively correlated with the serum sIgG1 level.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Clostridia alleviated food allergy symptoms in mice by regulating their intestinal immune function, improving the intestinal microbial composition, and enhancing the intestinal barrier.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143399105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive Immune Landscape in Allergic Conjunctivitis: Insights from Mendelian Randomization Analysis.","authors":"Yuchen Cai, Tianyi Zhou, Wenjun Shi, Xueyao Cai, Xia Ding, Yao Fu","doi":"10.1159/000543848","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543848","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Current understanding of the immune landscape underlying allergic conjunctivitis (AC) remains rather limited. We investigated the potential association between circulating immunophenotypes and AC using Mendelian randomization (MR) methodology.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Based on genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary-level statistics, a 2-sample MR was employed to analyze the bidirectional causal relationships between 731 circulating immunophenotypes and AC risk.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 33 genetically predicted immunophenotypes were significantly associated with AC risk. A protective effect of 18 immunophenotypes against AC was found, such as CD3 on CD39+CD8br (inverse variance weighted [IVW] odds ratio [OR] = 0.936, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.925-0.985, p = 0.003) and CD25 on CD28+CD4+ (IVW OR = 0.921, 95% CI: 0.863-0.983, p = 0.013). Conversely, 15 immunophenotypes were found to be significantly associated with AC risk, such as CD25 on IgD-CD38dim (IVW OR = 1.042, 95% CI: 1.012-1.073, p = 0.006). Reverse MR based on these 33 genetically predicted immunophenotypes suggested that AC also had a significant influence on four circulating immune cells, including CD33-HLA DR-AC (IVW OR = 1.187, 95% CI: 1.034-1.362, p = 0.015), CD3 on CD39+CD8br (IVW OR = 0.876, 95% CI: 0.779-0.985, p = 0.027), HLA DR on CD14+monocyte (IVW OR = 0.831, 95% CI: 0.725-0.953, p = 0.008), and CD39 on CD39+secreting Treg (IVW OR = 1.123, 95% CI: 1.002-1.259, p = 0.046).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study highlights the intricate association between immune cells and AC, providing a valuable basis for future mechanistic and therapeutic studies from an immunological perspective.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143390936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AhR Causes the Release of Proinflammatory Cytokines and Chemokines and Airway Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction in Allergic Rhinitis via Upregulating SERPINB2.","authors":"Xinhong Lu, Gang Gao, Jiaxin Jin, Xiaobo Huang, Liwei Lin, Maohua Qian, Nimei Shen","doi":"10.1159/000543410","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543410","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Allergic rhinitis (AR) remains a kind of nasal hypersensitivity illness with a considerable surge in incidence across the globe. Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 (SERPINB2) is an inflammatory mediator that can also be activated by aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a nuclear receptor that modulates the response to environmental stimuli. This work was devoted to the investigation into the role of SERPINB2 in AR and its relationship with AhR.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In human nasal epithelial cells (HNEpCs) stimulated with interleukin-4 (IL-4) or histamine, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was adopted for quantifying proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Epithelial barrier function was assessed by transepithelial electrical resistance (TER). Western blot and immunofluorescence staining evaluated tight junction proteins. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and Western blot determined SERPINB2 and AhR expressions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The release of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines was aggravated, TER value was reduced and the expressions of tight junction proteins were downregulated in HNEpCs when induced by IL-4 or histamine. SERPINB2 and AhR were both overexpressed and SERPINB2 depletion relieved inflammatory response and preserved epithelial barrier function in IL-4- or histamine-treated HNEpCs. Besides, AhR knockdown decreased SERPINB2 expression and SERPINB2 upregulation reverted the protective role of AhR silencing in the inflammatory response and epithelial barrier dysfunction in HNEpCs in response to IL-4 or histamine.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Collectively, AhR might activate SERPINB2 to exacerbate inflammation and airway epithelial barrier dysfunction in AR.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143382421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Value of IL-6, D-D, and White Blood Cell Tests in the Diagnosis of Severe Pneumonia.","authors":"Tianfu Xu, Seyan Yan, Saiping Huang","doi":"10.1159/000544042","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000544042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This paper aimed to unravel the value of interleukin-6 (IL-6), D-dimer (D-D), and white blood cell (WBC) tests in the diagnosis of severe pneumonia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty cases of pneumonia patients were selected as the observation group, which were divided into the non-severe group (35 cases) and the severe group (25 cases) following the severity of the disease, and 50 health check-up participants in the same time period were chosen as the control group. The general information of the control and the observation groups was compared; IL-6, D-D, and WBC levels were observed in the non-severe and the severe groups. Logistic multivariate regression analysis was implemented to analyze the independent factors predicting severe pneumonia, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was adopted to observe the diagnostic value of IL-6, D-D, and WBC for severe pneumonia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was no difference in general information between the observation and the control groups, and between the severe and the non-severe groups (p > 0.05); IL-6, D-D, and WBC levels in the severe group were markedly higher relative to the non-severe group; the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that IL-6 (p < 0.05, 95% CI: 1.076-1.443) and D-D (p < 0.05, 95% CI: 1.367-66.079) were independent factors predicting severe pneumonia; the ROC curve analysis revealed that the area under the curves (AUCs) of IL-6, D-D, and WBC were 0.957, 0.874, and 0.639, respectively; the combined AUC of the three was 0.978, demonstrating that the predictive value of the combined test was higher than that of the single test.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>IL-6, D-D, and WBC are significantly elevated in severe pneumonia and have predictive value in severe pneumonia.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143382425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Odorant-Binding Protein in Allergy to Cow Epithelium.","authors":"Luis Alfredo González Guzmán, Cristina Susana González Fernández, Estela Soraya Castromil-Benito, Nerea Gómez-Caballero, Carlos Pastor-Vargas, Manuel Boquete Paris, Francisco Carballada González","doi":"10.1159/000543984","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543984","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In a previous study conducted by the Allergy Section of the HULA, sensitization to an undescribed 25-kDa protein was detected in patients allergic to cow epithelium. Mass spectrometry identified the protein as an odorant-binding protein (OBP), a lipocalin from Bos taurus. Although its association with symptoms has not been proven, recent research suggests that its inclusion in extracts for diagnosis and treatment could be beneficial. This study aimed to evaluate the role of OBP in cow epithelium allergy (CEA) in sensitized patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a descriptive, cross-sectional, observational study of a case series, including a total of 17 patients with confirmed sensitization to cow allergens by immunoblotting. From this cohort, seven participants were selected for further analysis. Data collected included age, sex, occupation, years of exposure, test results, and the group classification to which each participant belonged. OBP was purified and isolated from bull urine, and a lyophilized extract was prepared for skin testing and conjunctival provocation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Skin prick tests with purified OBP were positive in 6 of 7 patients with bovine epithelium allergy. Conjunctival allergen provocation tests were positive in 4 out of 6 patients. All controls were negative in both tests.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>OBP behaves as a major antigen in this cohort of CEA patients. This is the first study to establish the independent clinical relevance of bovine OBP in CEA, paving the way for improved diagnostic and therapeutic protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143189105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Regulate Th17/Treg Cells in a Rat Model of Allergic Rhinitis by Activating IL-2/JAK-3/STAT-5 Signaling Pathway.","authors":"Yun Hou, Fei Fei Li, Jiang Wei Kong, Youhu Wang, Yunyan Pan, Hao Ding, Xu Dong Wei","doi":"10.1159/000543758","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543758","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The aim of the study was to investigate how adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells regulate the balance between regulatory T (Treg) cells and Th17 cells through the IL-2/JAK-3/STAT-5 signaling pathway in a rat model of allergic rhinitis (AR).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) were used to treat an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced AR rat model. The pathological changes and nasal symptoms were observed by HE staining and scanning electron microscopy. The concentrations of OVA-sIgE, IL-10, and IL-17 in serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The mRNA expressions of JAK-3, STAT-5, forkhead box P3 (Foxp3), and retinoic acid-associated orphan receptor γt (RORγt) in nasal mucosa were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The expression of IL-2, JAK-3, and STAT-5 proteins in nasal mucosa was detected by Western blotting, and the expression patterns of these proteins were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ADSCs significantly reduced nasal symptoms and histological abnormalities by significantly reducing the levels of OVA-sIgE, IL-17 and increasing IL-10 levels. The expressions of IL-2, JAK-3, STAT-5, Foxp3, and RORγt in the nasal mucosa of AR rats were abnormal, but ADSCs treatment significantly restored this change.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ADSC can control the development of Treg/Th17 cells by the IL-2/JAK-3/STAT-5 signaling pathway and reduce OVA-induced allergic inflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143046503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Climate and Residency in Storage Mite Sensitivity among Children with Allergic Diseases in the Mediterranean Region.","authors":"Mehmet Akif Kaya, Dilara Fatma Kocacik Uygun, Enes Celik, Aysen Bingol","doi":"10.1159/000543530","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543530","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Mite allergy is the most common inhalant allergen sensitivity. In addition to house dust mites, which are indoor allergens, well-known storage mites also exist.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study examines the frequency of storage mite sensitivity in children with allergic diseases, the rate of cross-sensitization with other mite species, and the relationship between mite sensitivities and various factors such as the type of region where patients reside and meteorological data from their locations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 368 children with allergic diseases were included in the study. According to the results of the epidermal prick tests, 224 (60.9%) patients had sensitivity to at least one type of mite, while 171 (46.5%) patients had sensitivity to at least one house dust mite, and 135 (36.7%) had sensitivity to at least one storage mite. Among those with storage mite sensitivity, 82 patients (60.7%) also had sensitivity to house dust mites. In the group of patients living in rural areas, storage mite sensitivity was 57.9%, while in urban centers this rate was 16.8% (p < 0.001). An increase in humidity level was found to increase the likelihood of developing house dust mite sensitivity and storage mite sensitivity (p < 0.05, OR: 2.542, and p < 0.001, OR: 7.792). Additionally, increase in average wind speed was found to increase the likelihood of developing storage mite sensitivity (p < 0.001, OR: 9.582).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Storage mites, an often-overlooked factor in daily practice, are a respiratory allergen that is more common in children than often believed. Susceptibility to storage mites can be affected by the average wind speed and humidity in the region. When assessing the sensitization profiles of allergic children, storage mite sensitization should be considered in addition to house dust mites, and appropriate precautions should be taken.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143004799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Upadacitinib and Dupilumab Demonstrate Superior Efficacy in the Treatment of Adolescent Atopic Dermatitis: A Network Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Zuotao Zhao, Chengyue Peng, Lijuan Liu, Yaqi Zheng, Yen Tan, Xiaoting Song, Peixin Zhang, Xiaojie Huang, Litao Zhang","doi":"10.1159/000543397","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543397","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;This systematic review and network meta-analysis aimed to compare and evaluate the efficacy and safety of five medications, dupilumab, tralokinumab, upadacitinib, baricitinib, and abrocitinib, for the treatment of adolescent atopic dermatitis (AD), in order to provide decision support to support clinical decision-making by developing more scientifically grounded and effective treatment strategies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science (WoS), and the Cochrane database to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and Phase 3 clinical trials up to April 13, 2024. Supplementary data were retrieved from trial registries, and researchers contacted study authors and pharmaceutical companies when necessary to obtain complete data. Inclusion criteria comprised treatment studies for moderate to severe AD in adolescents aged 12 and above, with outcome measures including efficacy and safety assessments. Data extraction and risk bias assessment were independently performed by two researchers, using Excel for data extraction and the netmeta package in R software for network meta-analysis. Sensitivity analysis and bias risk assessment were conducted to validate the robustness and credibility of the results. Our research protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023480597) and did not require approval from an Institutional Review Board or written informed consent.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;In the primary efficacy outcome measures, upadacitinib 30 mg/day, upadacitinib 15 mg/day, and dupilumab 300 mg/2 weeks demonstrated excellent efficacy in EASI75 compared to placebo, significantly outperforming other medications and placebo. Dupilumab 300 mg/2 weeks, upadacitinib 30 mg/day, and upadacitinib 15 mg/day showed excellent treatment effects in IGA0/1. Among the outcome measures for improvement in itch severity rating PP-NRS4, dupilumab 300 mg/2 weeks and tralokinumab 300 mg/2 weeks showed the highest efficacy values. Compared to these medications, baricitinib 1 mg/day exhibited weaker performance across all three indicators, particularly in EASI75 and IGA0/1, with effects approaching no significant difference. Due to limited sample sizes, estimates for treatment-emergent adverse events, serious adverse events (SAEs), and drug-induced adverse events safety indicators were unstable, preventing strong conclusions on safety outcomes. There are significant differences in the incidence rates of adverse reactions such as nasopharyngitis, acne, and AD among various medications.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Upadacitinib and dupilumab demonstrate strong efficacy and symptom improvement in the treatment of moderate to severe AD in adolescents, particularly in reducing the severity of skin lesions and itchiness. Therefore, these medications should be considered as primary treatment options for adolescents with AD. However, further studies with long-term follow-up and ","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143004803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proactive Deep Learning-Facilitated Inpatient Penicillin Allergy Delabelling: An Implementation Study.","authors":"Melinda Jiang, Brandon Stretton, Joshua Kovoor, Joshua M Inglis, Sophia Thompkins, Carlo Yuson, Sepehr Shakib, William B Smith, Stephen Bacchi","doi":"10.1159/000542589","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000542589","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Erroneous penicillin allergy labels are associated with significant health and economic costs. This study aimed to determine whether deep learning-facilitated proactive consultation to facilitate delabelling may further enhance inpatient penicillin allergy delabelling.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective implementation study utilised a deep learning-guided proactive consultation service, which utilised an inpatient penicillin allergy delabelling protocol. The intervention group comprised all admitted inpatients with a penicillin allergy over the course of a 14-week period in a tertiary hospital. The rate of penicillin allergy delabelling in the intervention group was compared to that of a historical control group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 439 patients included in the study, of whom 121 were identified by the algorithm as suitable for penicillin allergy interrogation. Of those identified by the algorithm, 16.5% were successfully delabelled in the inpatient setting within the same admission and 9.9% were referred for outpatient testing. This result was statistically significantly greater compared to the rate of delabelling in the historical control group (0%, p = 0.00001). There were no adverse reactions. The projected annual savings associated with the program over a 12-month period were AUD 1,170,617.16.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Deep learning-facilitated proactive inpatient penicillin allergy delabelling was effective, safe, and economical in this single-centre implementation study. Further studies should seek to examine this approach in diverse centres.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143004738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}