International Archives of Allergy and Immunology最新文献

{"title":"Impact of Nasal Glucocorticoid Therapy on Exhaled Nitric Oxide and Symptom Relief in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps: A Randomized Prospective Study.","authors":"Yizhen Jia, Junhao Tu, Binxiang Tang, Fan Jiang, Qing Luo, Jing Ye","doi":"10.1159/000544872","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000544872","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a widespread inflammatory disease, classified into eosinophilic (EosCRSwNP) and non-eosinophilic (non-EosCRSwNP) types. Nitric oxide (NO) plays a role in pathophysiological processes, with changing levels in airway diseases like asthma and CRS. Intranasal corticosteroids (INCS) are first-line treatments for CRSwNP, providing anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects pre- and post-endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). This study examines the influence of nasal steroids on nasal exhaled NO (FnNO) post-ESS in EosCRSwNP and non-EosCRSwNP patients and assesses the prognostic value of FnNO measurement for different CRSwNP types.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This randomized, open-label, prospective study included 20 healthy controls, 30 EosCRSwNP patients, and 35 non-EosCRSwNP patients. All CRSwNP subjects underwent ESS following FnNO determination. Post-surgery, both endotypes were randomly assigned to nasal steroid or normal saline groups, receiving budesonide spray or saline irrigation for 90 days. FnNO, nasal endoscopy, and VAS scores were assessed on days 15, 45, and 90.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study found pre-ESS FnNO levels to be lower in CRSwNP patients (181.2 ± 142.0 ppb) compared to controls (330.5 ± 98.7 ppb, p < 0.001) and further reduced in non-EosCRSwNP (144.7 ± 91.2 ppb) compared to EosCRSwNP patients (223.3 ± 147.8 ppb, p < 0.05). Post-ESS, EosCRSwNP patients responded better to nasal steroids, with FnNO levels returning to normal within 90 days of intervention (p > 0.05). No significant correlation was found between post-ESS FnNO levels, changes in Lund-Kennedy endoscopy scores, CT Lund-Mackay paranasal sinus scores, and postoperative prognosis in CRSwNP patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The determination of FnNO is helpful for the differential diagnosis of EosCRSwNP, which is more sensitive to nasal spray glucocorticoid, and the use of nasal spray glucocorticoid post-ESS is helpful for early and rapid recovery of FnNO. FnNO measurement could not be used as an indicator to assess the recovery status of the postoperative surgical area.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143515526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Xiaoqinglong Decoction Attenuates Inflammatory Response and Mitochondrial Injury by Regulating the MyD88/NF-κB Pathway Dependent of TLR4 in Allergic Rhinitis.","authors":"Qi Yang, Yao Sun, Jingjuan An, Lirong Wang, Caiming Zhang, Youpeng Fei, Kunmin Wu, Xiaofu Zhai, Yongjun Wu","doi":"10.1159/000544768","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000544768","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a systemic immune inflammatory response disease of the nasal mucosa. Current treatment strategies for AR are limited, owing to a lack of safety and the inability to cure the condition completely. Xiaoqinglong decoction (XQLD), a classical chinese medicine prescription, is widely used to treat AR with a good curative effect. Although the clinical effect of XQLD has been demonstrated, the molecular mechanisms of therapeutical effect were unclear. Hence, the study aimed to investigate effects of XQLD on inflammation and the underlying mechanism for AR management.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ovalbumin sensitization was used to induce AR in rats, and the nasal symptoms were evaluated. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed to detect epithelial cells of the nasal mucosa. Inflammatory factors were estimated to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of XQLD. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activity and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway were determined via immunofluorescence and Western blotting. Mitochondrial morphology and damage-related factors were assessed to determine the protective effect of XQLD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that XQLD supplementation inhibited AR-induced release of inflammatory factors, relieved nasal symptoms, and improved mitochondrial functions. Moreover, it suppressed TLR4 and MyD88 expression as well as NF-κB p65 acetylation following AR.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Inflammatory response and mitochondrial injury and the related MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway play crucial roles in AR. XQLD supplementation inhibits AR-induced inflammation and mitochondrial injury by regulating TLR4 expression and TLR4-mediated MyD88/NF-κB pathway activation, thereby facilitating the therapeutic effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143515530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Artemisia annua-Sublingual Immunotherapy on Asthma Control and Pulmonary Function in Patients with Mild-Moderate Allergic Asthma.","authors":"Yumeng Zhao, Hehua Huang, Hongmei Zou, Yuqing Qian, Xinzhuo Wang, Wenchao Guan, Min Zhang, Huijuan Ma, Chong Xu, Ruonan Chai","doi":"10.1159/000543864","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543864","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The aim of this study was to observe and assess the efficacy and safety of Artemisia annua (A. annua)-sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) in patients with mild-moderate allergic asthma (AS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective study, the complete data of 60 patients with mild-moderate AS from October 2022 to October 2023 were included. Patients were stratified into two different groups based on treatment regimens: the SLIT group, 30 individuals who underwent standardized A. annua-SLIT for at least 6 months before pollen season, and the control group, the other 30 patients only received the symptomatic drug. During the 2022 and 2023 pollen season, asthma daytime symptom score (ADSS), asthma nighttime symptom score (ANSS), total medicine score (TMS), asthma control test score (ACT), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), and FEV1/forced vital capacity were measured to evaluate the efficacy, and adverse events (AEs) were used to assess its safety.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were no significant differences in all clinical outcomes between the two groups during the 2022 pollen season (all p > 0.05). However, after SLIT treatment, the level of ADSS, ANSS, TMS, ACT, FEV1, and patients' number of well-controlled AS significantly improved compared with the control group (all p < 0.01). Notably, all the clinical outcomes significantly improved compared with the baseline only in the SLIT group (all p < 0.001). No severe AEs were reported, and all AEs were mild.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pre-seasonal treatment of A. annua-SLIT for at least 6 months could relieve daytime and nighttime symptoms, reduce medication use, and improve asthma control and lung function in mono- and polysensitized patients with mild-moderate AS.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143515519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Risk Factors for Walnut and Cashew Nut Sensitization in Preschool Children with Food Allergies in Japan.","authors":"Sona Ikezawa, Hironori Sato, Takaaki Imaizumi, Toshiyuki Kobayashi, Arisa Ito, Eri Hayata, Takeshi Yamamoto, Taiji Nakano, Takayasu Arima, Hiromichi Hamada","doi":"10.1159/000544871","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000544871","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The incidence of tree nut allergies, including walnut and cashew nut allergies, has increased significantly globally. In Japan, these allergies rank third after egg and milk allergies and are associated with high rates of anaphylaxis. Jug r 1 and Ana o 3 are effective biomarkers for diagnosing walnut and cashew nut allergies. However, sensitization rates and risk factors among preschool children remain underexplored. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Jug r 1-sIgE and Ana o 3-sIgE sensitization, as well as their associated risk factors, in this population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study was conducted at four hospitals in Chiba Prefecture and included preschool children under 7 years diagnosed with food allergies and without prior tree nut consumption. Sensitization was defined as a specific IgE level of ≥0.35 IU/mL. Clinical data, including allergic conditions, were analyzed, and logistic regression was used to identify the risk factors for sensitization.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 248 children, Jug r 1-sIgE and Ana o 3-sIgE levels were measured in 198 and 215, respectively. Jug r 1 sensitization peaked at 34.0% in the 3-4-year group, while Ana o 3 sensitization peaked at 12.2% in the 5-6-year group. Cashew, peanut, and wheat allergies were identified as major risk factors for Jug r 1 sensitization, whereas peanut, walnut, and wheat allergies were associated with Ana o 3 sensitization.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Jug r 1-sIgE and Ana o 3-sIgE sensitization are prevalent in high-risk preschool children in Japan. Early screening and personalized management strategies are essential for managing tree nut allergies.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143500992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TXK Functional Variants Contribute to Asthma by Regulating Th1 and Th17 Cytokine Pathways.","authors":"Yang Yie Sio, Yu Liu, Terence Yin Weng Lam, Yee-How Say, Kavita Reginald, Fook Tim Chew","doi":"10.1159/000544798","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000544798","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>TXK regulates IFN-γ expression and T-helper (Th)1 cell-mediated inflammation that underlies the development of neutrophilic asthma; however, its implication in asthma remains uncertain. This study aimed to functionally characterize the role of TXK single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the development of asthma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study is part of an ongoing Singapore/Malaysia Cross-Sectional Genetics and Epidemiological Study (SMCSGES). In a SMCSGES sub-cohort (n = 658), we assessed the associations of TXK mRNA expression with asthma phenotype, SNP genotype, and the mRNA expression of IFN-γ and IL23A in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC). Genetic associations between TXK variants and asthma were investigated in a case-control sub-cohort of SMCSGES (n = 2,407). The functional roles of asthma-associated TXK variants in regulating promoter activity were evaluated by in vitro promoter luciferase assay in THP-1 cells.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified significant associations of upregulated TXK transcript expression with increased asthma risk (p < 0.05) and the increased transcript expressions of both IFN-γ (p < 0.0001) and IL23A (p < 0.0001) in PBMC. The major allele \"T\" of tag-SNP rs2661532 was significantly associated with increased TXK mRNA expression compared to the \"C\" allele (false discovery rate-adjusted p < 0.05). The \"T\" allele of rs2661532 was also significantly associated with a higher risk of asthma (p = 0.0346, odds ratio = 1.171, 95% confidence interval = 1.011-1.357). The in vitro promoter luciferase assay showed the major alleles of rs6819804 and rs74513879 (tagged by rs2661532) resulted in higher promoter activity of the TXK gene (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study identified multiple TXK functional variants associated with asthma by regulating the transcript expression of TXK and downstream Th1 and Th17 cell-mediated inflammatory pathways. These findings suggested that TXK functional variants might be involved in the development of neutrophilic asthma.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143457953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Rhinological Symptoms and Quality of Life in Patients with Allergic or Eosinophilic Severe Uncontrolled Asthma Treated with Anti-IgE or Anti-IL5 Therapy: A Real-Live Study.","authors":"Edyta Jura-Szoltys, Aleksandra Niemiec-Górska, Joanna Glück, Olga Branicka, Radoslaw Gawlik","doi":"10.1159/000544039","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000544039","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Patients with asthma have a higher incidence of allergic or nonallergic persistent rhinitis, and chronic rhinosinusitis with or without nasal polyps. The nasal symptoms significantly reduce quality of life and substantially affect the asthma control among these patients. Because of no complete knowledge of the etiology of rhinological symptoms, in some patients the proposed therapeutic options are still ineffective. Recommended pharmacotherapy, immunotherapy, and surgical treatment do not have the expected therapeutic effect in some patients. More recently, biological treatment based on phenotyping has become a new alternative therapeutic option. Currently, omalizumab, a monoclonal antibody with an anti-IgE effect in patients with allergic phenotypes or mepolizumab, an anti-IL-5 biologic that reduces the number of eosinophils, may be used.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;In this single-center, real-live study, authors analyzed effects of biological treatment on rhinological symptoms in patients over the age of 18 with severe uncontrolled bronchial asthma with coexisting persistent allergic rhinitis treated with omalizumab or uncontrolled bronchial asthma with coexisting chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps treated with mepolizumab. In all patients, the otolaryngologist performed anterior rhinoscopy. Evaluation of rhinological symptoms and quality of life in patients treated with anti-IgE or anti-IL5 therapy before and 6 months after biological treatment was performed using the TNSS and SNOT-22 scales. The sub-analysis of changes in rhinological symptoms was also performed in a group of patients with N-ERD regardless of eosinophilic or allergic asthma phenotype.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 48 patients (9 male, 18%) with severe chronic bronchial asthma treated with biologics were included into the study. Among them, there were 26 (54%) patients with allergic asthma and persistent allergic rhinitis treated with omalizumab, and 22 (46%) with eosinophilic asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps treated with mepolizumab. In both groups, 6 months of treatment with omalizumab or mepolizumab resulted in significant improvement in relation to all rhinological symptoms assessed with TNSS and SNOT-22 scales. There was a significant increase in the number of patients with smell improvement in the mepolizumab-treated group. Improvements in all rhinitis symptoms and quality of life assessed by TNSS and SNOT-22 scales after 6 months of treatment were comparable in NSAIDs-sensitive versus NSAIDs-tolerant patients regardless of type of monoclonal antibodies used.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Six-month phenotyping-based biological therapy with omalizumab in patients with chronic allergic rhinitis accompanied by several bronchial asthma or with mepolizumab in patients with chronic sinusitis with nasal polyps accompanied by several bronchial asthma showed significant improvement in rhinological sy","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143457951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hereditary Alpha Tryptasemia: Survey of Concomitant Genetic Testing.","authors":"Joseph H Butterfield, Arveen K Bhasin, Leah L Ishmael, Jacqueline D Squire","doi":"10.1159/000544704","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000544704","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Hereditary alpha tryptasemia (HαT) affects 4-6% of the general population. Inherited as a Mendelian dominant, HαT has a variable phenotypic expression. Many patients have no obvious symptoms. There is a dearth of reports of possible co-inheritance of other genetic abnormalities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We examined records of 69 Mayo Clinic patients with HαT for the results of any additional genetic studies obtained during routine or focused evaluations. Clinical records of patients evaluated for baseline tryptase values >8 ng/mL testing positive for the TPSAB1 mutation were reviewed. Screening genetic tests obtained during standard care and/or for evaluation of clinical symptoms were recorded as well as inciting symptoms that led to tryptase determination, the serum tryptase level, alpha- and beta-tryptase gene copy numbers, and the urinary mast cell mediator metabolites.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Bone marrow biopsies for systemic mastocytosis and the presence of either a KIT Asp816Val, or Janus kinase 2 Val617Phe mutation were negative. Genetic tests were diverse and included nearly 1,000 suspect genes in 1 case and one to several hundred in others. There was no genetic testing in 19 patients and normal genetic test findings in 37 patients. A group of 8 patients showed at least one genetic abnormality and in a group of 5 patients, both normal and abnormal genetic findings were present. There was no clustering of genetic tests or relation to the inciting symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Genetic testing, often extensive, was obtained in 73% of these HαT patients. Most of these results were normal and did not suggest the presence of a concomitant genetic disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143448903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Growing Cause of Food Allergies in Children: Sesame.","authors":"Funda Aytekin Güvenir, Gökhan Yörüsün, Cankat Geniş, Deniz Yılmaz, Ahmet Selmanoğlu, Zeynep Şengül Emeksiz, Emine Dibek Mısırlıoğlu","doi":"10.1159/000544769","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000544769","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Sesame allergy has been seen with increasing frequency in recent years and is one of the important causes of food anaphylaxis. The aim of our study was to examine the clinical and laboratory features of patients with sesame allergy and to evaluate the characteristics of sesame-related anaphylaxis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients diagnosed with sesame allergy at Ankara Bilkent City Hospital between January 2017 and June 2024 were included in the study. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data of the patients were obtained from medical records.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sesame allergies were detected in 70 patients during the study period. Of these patients, 44 (62.9%) were male, and the median age at the onset of symptoms was 12 (interquartile range [IQR]: 9-18) months. Thirty-two patients presented with anaphylaxis (45.7%), 31 with urticaria/angioedema (44.3%), and 7 with atopic dermatitis (10%). A total of 59 patients (84.3%) had other food allergies. The most common food allergy was tree nut allergy (54.3%). Sesame-specific IgE levels were higher in patients with anaphylaxis (median 2.8 kU/L IQR: 1.2-17.8) than in those who did not (median 1.6 kU/L IQR: 0.7-4.7). In the multivariate logistic regression model, the presence of a concomitant food allergy (odds ratio: 18.7; CI 1.9-182.6) and being over 1 year of age at the time of the index reaction (odds ratio: 4.1; CI 1.1-15.4) were identified as risk factors for anaphylaxis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Sesame allergy is among the important causes of food allergy and anaphylaxis and generally presents with early-type reactions. It can be seen together with nut and other food allergies.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143448901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"National Trends in Asthma Prevalence among Adolescents in South Korea, 2007-2023: A National Representative Serial Study.","authors":"Juyeong Kim, Yesol Yim, Seoyoung Park, Hyunjee Kim, Lee Smith, Guillermo F López Sánchez, Jaewon Kim, Selin Woo, Dong Keon Yon","doi":"10.1159/000544734","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000544734","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Although previous studies have analyzed trends in asthma prevalence among adolescents before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, research specifically investigating asthma prevalence after the pandemic is lacking. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the long-term trends and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the prevalence of asthma among Korean adolescents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were collected from a nationwide representative study (Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey), conducted among adolescents aged 12-18 years from 2007 to 2023. To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, data were divided into three periods: pre-pandemic (2007-2019), intra-pandemic (2020-2022), and post-pandemic (2023). The prevalence of current asthma and variations in asthma prevalence across the pre-, intra-, and post-pandemic periods were analyzed using weighted linear regression and logistic models with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1,087,236 participants (559,840 males: 51.49%) were included in the analysis from 2007 to 2023. The weighted asthma prevalence exhibited slight fluctuations prior to the pandemic, with no notable overall changes. However, a substantial decline was observed during the intra-pandemic period compared to pre-pandemic (βdiff intra- versus pre-pandemic, -0.11; 95% CI: -0.12 to -0.09), followed by a slight weakening in the post-pandemic period (βdiff post- versus intra-pandemic, 0.07; 95% CI: 0.03-0.10). This trend persisted when analyzed by sex, with males exhibiting a higher prevalence than females throughout the entire period (versus females weighted odds ratio, 1.31; 95% CI: 1.29-1.34). Additionally, prior to the pandemic, the prevalence of asthma was higher among students in grades 7-9. However, after the pandemic began, students in grades 10-12 showed higher prevalence rates than their younger counterparts. The prevalence was also higher among adolescents who were overweight or obese, smoked, lived in facilities, had low household income, consumed fast food more than five times a week, experienced high stress levels, and reported low subjective recovery from fatigue.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This comprehensive study suggests that the prevalence of asthma among adolescents varies with age and may be affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, it identifies key factors contributing to asthma vulnerability, highlighting the importance of developing age-specific policies and targeted interventions for these at-risk groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143414048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clostridia Enhances Intestinal Immunity to Alleviate Ovalbumin-Induced Allergy.","authors":"Tong Zhao, Hong Y Huang, Rui Q Mu, Meng D Lu, Zi M Geng, Su M Hu, Wei W Ma, Cui Zhou","doi":"10.1159/000543973","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543973","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aimed to explore the effect of Clostridia administration on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergy and the relevant underlying mechanism in BALB/c mice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Female BALB/c mice were assigned to three groups: control (C), OVA sensitization (CO), and intervention (IG). All mice were treated with antibiotics to eliminate their intestinal flora. Then, the mice in the CO and IG groups were orally treated with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and Clostridia extract, respectively, followed by OVA sensitization, while the mice in the C group only received PBS during the experiment. Allergic reactions, intestinal barrier function, and composition of the gut flora were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The CO group demonstrated significant allergic reactions when compared to the C and IG groups. The serum levels of interleukin-5 (IL-5) were significantly lower in the IG group than in the CO group. The levels of interferon-γ, transforming growth factor-β1, and T-helper 1 subsets were significantly higher in the IG group than in the CO group. The serum D-lactate level was significantly reduced in the IG group, while IL-22 levels were reduced in the CO group relative to the C group. In addition, tight junction proteins and mucin in the ileal tissues were significantly elevated in the IG group than in the CO group. The relative abundance of Clostridia_UCG014 and Christensenellales was significantly enriched in the feces of mice in the IG group and negatively correlated with the serum sIgG1 level.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Clostridia alleviated food allergy symptoms in mice by regulating their intestinal immune function, improving the intestinal microbial composition, and enhancing the intestinal barrier.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143399105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}