International Archives of Allergy and Immunology最新文献

{"title":"Application of photo-catalyzed TiO2 for inactivation of inhalant allergens.","authors":"Yoon Ji Shin, Haeun Kim, Minji Hwang, Seung Jae Baeck, Jung-Won Park, Kyoung Yong Jeong","doi":"10.1159/000546207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000546207","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Allergen avoidance, the most effective strategy against allergic diseases, does not readily apply to indoor inhalant allergens. Capturing and eliminating allergens in the air could be an effective strategy. In this study, we tested the capability of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) to degrade allergens upon activation by a photocatalyst. House dust mite (HDM), cat, and oak pollen extracts were incubated with TiO₂ powder for 24 h in either dark or light exposure.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Changes in protein and allergen content (Der f 1, Fel d 1, and Que ac 1) were investigated by the Bradford assay and a 2-site ELISA. Protein profiles and IgE-reactive components were examined by SDS-PAGE and IgE immunoblotting. Inhibition ELISA was performed to evaluate allergenicity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Regarding protein concentrations, 69.9% of HDM, 27.1% of cat, and 21.5% of oak pollen proteins were degraded by TiO₂ compared to the allergen extracts incubated in the dark without TiO₂. More specifically, 96.6% of Der f 1 and 81.2% of Fel d 1 were degraded by investigatory rutile TiO₂, as measured by ELISA. However, no significant degradation of Que ac 1 was observed. Immunoblot analyses using mouse monoclonal antibodies against each allergen and IgE antibodies from patients' sera showed diminished allergen bands. In the inhibition ELISA of HDM extract containing various proteases, 87.1% and 96.5% of IgE reactivity was reduced by TiO₂, whereas 47.0% of self-degradation was observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, TiO₂ eliminated each allergen molecule at a different degradation rate. TiO₂ may be useful in reducing indoor allergenic molecules. However, more detailed studies are needed to optimize its efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144023533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parenting, Peer Relationships, and School Adaptation's Influence on Self-Perception in Adolescents with Chronic Atopic Disease.","authors":"YeoJin Im, Sunyoung Jung, Eunjung Kim, YoungAh Park","doi":"10.1159/000545437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000545437","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study was conducted to investigate how changes in self-perception in adolescents with chronic atopic diseases develop over time; and the influences of parenting, peer interactions, and school adaptation on these changes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from the Korean Children &amp; Youth Panel Survey (2010-2016) were analyzed, including 874 individuals with atopic diseases. Latent growth modeling was applied to analyze the changing pattern of self-perception and the factors affecting it.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The self-perception scores indicated a tendency to increase as time passed. High levels of positive and low levels of negative parenting styles, as well as strong school adaption and peer attachment, impacted the high self-perception scores of adolescents who suffered from chronic conditions at various points in time over the longitudinal school ages.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The study highlights the importance of positive parenting, peer relationships, and school adaptation for youth with chronic atopic conditions. Efforts to improve these areas should continue.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144010191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex differences in lung B cell responses in a murine model of asthma.","authors":"Li Y Drake, Kimberly E Stelzig, Ana M Hernandez-Botero, Sergejs Berdnikovs, Sergio E Chiarella","doi":"10.1159/000546024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000546024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Asthma demonstrates a strong sex bias. B cells play critical roles in the pathogenesis of allergic inflammation, including allergen-specific immunoglobulin production. The sex-specific responses of B cell subsets in allergic lung inflammation remain unknown. This project aimed to study the sex differences in allergen-induced B cell subsets in a murine model of asthma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adult mice of both sexes were sensitized using two intraperitoneal injections of ovalbumin (OVA) on days 0 and 7. Mice were then challenged with intranasal OVA on days 14, 16, and 18 and euthanized 24 hours after the last challenge. We examined whole-lung B cell subsets using flow cytometry and whole-lung cytokine levels using ELISA or multiplex assay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>OVA-treated female mice had significantly higher numbers of whole-lung naïve B cells and plasmablasts versus OVA-treated male mice. The numbers of IgM+ memory B cells and isotype-switched IgM- memory B cells in lung trended higher in OVA-treated female mice. The lungs of OVA-treated female mice had increased C-C motif chemokine ligand 5, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α protein levels, chemokines/cytokines involved in B cell regulation, versus lungs from OVA-treated male mice. However, whole-lung B-cell-activating factor and a proliferation inducing ligand levels showed no differences between male and female mice.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In a murine asthma model, sex differences in whole-lung B lymphocytes are primarily driven by higher numbers of naïve B cells and plasmablasts in females versus males. Our results suggest that sex chromosomes and sex hormones may influence B cell subsets during allergic lung inflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143997486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends and Clinical Features of Pet Sensitization of Allergic Rhinitis from 2017 to 2023 in Beijing, China.","authors":"Xu Zhang, YunBo Gao, Menglin Wang, Lin Xi, Luo Zhang, Yuan Zhang","doi":"10.1159/000545576","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000545576","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cats and dogs, as most common domestic pets, are an important source of indoor airborne allergens that can cause allergic rhinitis (AR) and other allergic diseases. This study aimed to determine the trends of sensitization of pets in recent years and disease severity in AR patients sensitized to pet's allergens.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective study, which examined 48,199 patients who were first diagnosed AR at the Department of Allergy of Beijing Tongren Hospital from January 2017 to December 2023. Patients completed a standardized questionnaire asking for the presence of allergic symptoms and also underwent serum specific immunoglobulin E with common indoor and outdoor aeroallergens.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study found pets are the second most common indoor allergen in AR patients, with cat (26.6%) and dog (13.7%). The trend of sensitization to cats and dogs has shown a yearly increase from 2017 to 2023, and children and adolescent are the most susceptible to pet sensitization. Compared to other indoor allergens, sensitize to cat showed significant severe allergic symptoms, including nasal congestion, runny nose, and itchy eyes. The risk of asthma was increased by sensitization of cat (p < 0.001, OR = 1.63) and dog (p < 0.001, OR = 1.54).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cats and dogs are important and common indoor allergens in AR, especially in children and adolescents, which have gradually increased over the past 7 years. Cat sensitization may lead to more severe AR symptoms and increase the risk of comorbid asthma.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143965680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research progress and future opportunities of pediatric cow milk protein allergy: a bibliometric overview and evidence mapping.","authors":"Li Zhou, Tengfei Li, Qingyong Zheng, Jianguo Xu, Caihua Xu, Bowa Zhang, Zewei Wang, Jie Wang","doi":"10.1159/000545367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000545367","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study employs bibliometric methods to reveal research trends, hot topics, and development trajectories in the field of cow milk protein allergy (CMPA) in children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrieved and downloaded literature on CMPA in children from the Web of Science Core Collection database on the basis of specific search strategies and screening criteria. Using VOSviewer software, we analyzed the collaboration networks among countries, institutions, and authors, as well as the co-occurrence of keywords. We utilized Biblioshiny software to analyze highly cited papers and research trend topics and to construct thematic maps.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 1,128 articles related to pediatric CMPA for analysis. The results show that since 2014, the number of research papers on CMPA has increased. The United States, Italy, and China are the countries with the greatest number of publications, with the United States occupying a central position in the collaboration network. The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai ranks first in terms of research output. Professor Hugh A. Sampson is the most influential author in this field. The main research areas include clinical manifestations, molecular mechanisms, immune regulation, and immunotherapy for CMPA. Emerging research hotspots in recent years include the gut microbiome, the development of dairy substitutes, and the application of sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (sELISA) technology in milk protein detection.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Through bibliometric analysis, this study revealed the research trends and hotspots in the field of CMPA in children. Future research should further strengthen international cooperation to promote in-depth research and effective management of CMPA.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143986147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Common Environmental Exposures on Airway Cilia Biology: Insights into Structure, Function, and Signaling Mechanisms.","authors":"Zhen-Cheng Feng, Shi-Ying Chen, Qi-Qing Ye, Shu-Ping Jiang, Zhen-Feng Chen, Min Zhou, Zhuang-Gui Chen, Lei Wang, Yang Peng","doi":"10.1159/000546009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000546009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Airway cilia are essential for maintaining respiratory health by facilitating the removal of inhaled pathogens and toxicants through mucociliary clearance. However, daily exposure to environmental factors such as cigarette smoke, PM2.5, allergens, and microplastics can impair cilia structure and function, leading to compromised mucociliary clearance and the progression of respiratory diseases.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>This review synthesizes recent research on the impact of common environmental exposures on airway cilia, focusing on structural and functional alterations, as well as associated signaling pathways. Emerging therapeutic strategies, including gene therapy, anti-inflammatory agents, and antioxidants, show promise in restoring ciliary function and improving mucociliary clearance.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>Environmental exposures impair airway cilia through multiple mechanisms, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and dysregulation of signaling pathways. Future research should focus on identifying novel therapeutic targets and developing personalized interventions to mitigate ciliary damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143986143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research Progress of Autophagy in the Pathogenesis of Bronchial Asthma.","authors":"Jing Huang, Rong-Hao Zhu, Fen-Hong Qian","doi":"10.1159/000545456","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000545456","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Asthma is a complex chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by chronic airway inflammation, hyperreactivity, and remodeling. Autophagy is responsible for lysosomal degradation through intracellular degradation when the proteasome cannot destroy damaged cytoplasmic organelles and proteins. Plenty of studies have shown that both impaired and overactive autophagic processes concern the pathogenesis of cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolically associated diseases, and immune system diseases. Autophagy also plays both protective and damaging roles in the pathogenesis of asthma.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>To better understand the pathogenesis of asthma, this review will concentrate on the roles that autophagy plays in airway inflammation, immunological response, and remodeling. It will cover new advances and potential therapies in the role of autophagy in the onset and development of human asthma. This will contribute to the strategy for developing new targets to treat this disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144013308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tolerance Evaluation of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Hypersensitivity in Children: Is Age the Crucial Factor?","authors":"Nezihe Nefise Uluc, Nagihan Iskender, Ismail Ozanli, Taha Yasin Akin, Yusuf Ziya Varli, Mujde Tuba Cogurlu, Sibel Balci, Metin Aydogan, Isil Eser Simsek","doi":"10.1159/000545743","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000545743","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Little is known about the natural history of pediatric nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug hypersensitivity (NSAID-H). The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate tolerance development in pediatric patients with confirmed, immediate NSAID-H and to determine the risk factors for NSAID-H persistence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Children with a confirmed diagnosis of NSAID-H were assessed for tolerance by drug provocation test (DPT) at least 3 years after diagnosis. Factors associated with developing tolerance in NSAID-H were investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 34 cases with confirmed NSAID-H diagnosis, 23 (67.65%) were included. The median (range) age at the last DPT was 16.5 (13.2-20.4) years. Tolerance developed in 12 (52.1%) of the 23 patients evaluated. Survival analysis showed that median duration to develop tolerance was 6.16 years from the initial reaction (SE = 18.6). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis gave a cutoff value for initial reaction age as ≤11.75 years in predicting NSAID-H tolerance with specificity of 83.3%, sensitivity of 81.8% (AUC = 0.830, 95% CI: 0.616-0.952, p < 0.001). Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of persistence of NSAID-H was 1.3-fold higher with each additional year from the initial reaction (1/odds ratio [OR]) (OR = 0.754, 95% CI: 0.964-0.590; p = 0.024). At the diagnostic DPT, in the tolerant group, urticaria (42.7%) was more common (p = 0.006) and the persistent group reacted at a significantly lower cumulative dose (p = 0.044).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Half of the patients with NSAID-H developed tolerance, around 6 years after the initial reaction. The probability of tolerance rises if the initial reaction occurs before the age of 11.75 years and if urticaria was observed at presentation. Reaction at low doses on diagnostic DPT may be a predictor of persistence.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144009615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TTC4 Overexpression Attenuates Allergic Rhinitis via Inhibiting AMPK-Mediated Autophagy.","authors":"Yunliang Liu, Xiaoyan Wang, Yang Yang, Shanshan Li, Zhihui Liu, Chaofeng Liu, Zhu Mao, Yuting Huo","doi":"10.1159/000545439","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000545439","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>IL-33 was regarded as an inducer of Th2 differentiation and autophagy. Imbalanced Th1/Th2 percentage and autophagy play a crucial role in the development of allergic rhinitis (AR). Here, we investigated the role and action mechanism of tetratricopeptide repeat domain 4 (TTC4) in AR development through regulation IL-33 production.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cell co-culture was used to explore the effects of IL-33 from nasal mucosal epithelial cells on CD4+T differentiation. Flow cytometry was used to detect Th1 and Th2 cell percentages, and immunofluorescence was performed for autophagosome. Production of IgE, IL-33, and cytokines was detected by ELISA assay. HE staining was carried out for detection of inflammatory damage of the nasal mucosal epithelial tissues in AR model mice.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>First, our data proved that TTC4 was lowly expressed in the nasal mucosal epithelial tissues of AR patients and in the IL-13-induced nasal mucosal epithelial cells. Then, we found that TTC4 overexpression obviously reduced IL-13-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β), IgE, and IL-33 production. After co-culture of CD4+T cells and nasal mucosal epithelial cells, overexpression of TTC4 in nasal mucosal epithelial cells promoted Th1-related cytokines production and Th1 differentiation and inhibited Th2-related cytokines production and Th2 differentiation, which was rescued by rIL-33 treatment. In addition, TTC4 increasing inhibited autophagosome formation and LC3II/I and Beclin 1 expression, but promoted p62 expression, which were rescued by rIL-33 treatment. The promotion of TTC4 to AMPK activation and the inhibition of it to mTOR activation were also rescued by rIL-33 treatment. Activation of autophagy could reverse the regulation of TTC4 to CD4+T cells differentiation into Th1 and Th2 phenotypes. At last, our data showed that TTC4 overexpression effectively attenuated allergic symptoms in AR model mice and inflammatory injury in nasal mucosal tissues, reduced Th2-related cytokines, IgE, and IL-33 production, and inhibited AMPK/mTOR signaling-mediated autophagy, which were rescued by autophagy activator.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TTC4 overexpression attenuated allergic symptoms and inflammation via rebalancing Th1/Th2 percentage and inhibiting autophagy of nasal mucosal epithelial cells through inhibition of the production of IL-33. Our experiments may provide novel idea for the treatment of AR.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144006601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Hereditary Angioedema in China (2024 Edition).","authors":"Yingyang Xu, Shuang Liu, Xue Wang, Wei Chen, Lei Cheng, Yinshi Guo, Jingnan Li, Fang Liu, Ruiling Liu, Juan Meng, Yuemei Sun, Siqin Wang, Qingyu Wei, Yongmei Yu, Huanping Zhang, Zuotao Zhao, Huadong Zhu, Rongfei Zhu, Yuxiang Zhi","doi":"10.1159/000545808","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000545808","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare, life-threatening autosomal dominant disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of subcutaneous and submucosal edema. Recent years have witnessed significant advancements in HAE management globally as well as in China, including improved understanding of its pathophysiology and the development of targeted therapies. In China, since the publication of the first national consensus in 2019, accumulating clinical experience and the availability of novel therapeutic agents have created an urgent need to update diagnostic and treatment guidelines to reflect current best practices.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>This updated 2024 consensus was developed through collaboration among multidisciplinary experts in allergy, otorhinolaryngology, gastroenterology, dermatology, and emergency medicine across China. It provides comprehensive, evidence-based recommendations for HAE-C1-INH management. This consensus refined diagnostic algorithms incorporating clinical presentation, quantitative/functional C1-INH assays, and complement C4 testing, with genetic sequencing reserved for cases with strong clinical suspicion but normal C1-INH levels/function. It stratified treatment approaches reflecting China's current therapeutic landscape: (1) on-demand therapy with icatibant, which is the only currently approved bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist in China; (2) short-term prophylaxis using androgens or fresh frozen plasma for procedural triggers; (3) long-term prophylaxis with lanadelumab which is the first-line monoclonal anti-kallikrein antibody available in China. Special considerations for pediatric, pregnant, and breast-feeding patients are also addressed.</p><p><strong>Key message: </strong>As the first updated consensus since 2019, this guideline standardizes HAE management across China while addressing regional disparities in diagnostic capabilities and treatment accessibility. It emphasizes early diagnosis to prevent life-threatening laryngeal edema and promotes individualized treatment strategies tailored to China's therapeutic landscape. Future directions include emerging targeted therapies and the development of biomarkers for disease severity prediction. Implementation of these recommendations is expected to significantly reduce diagnostic delays, improve patient outcomes, and enhance quality of life for individuals with HAE in China.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143994727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}