IF 2.9 2区农林科学

Insects Pub Date : 2025-09-19 DOI: 10.3390/insects16090979

Ganyu Zhang, Yuying Jia, Haibin Wu, Yong Zhang, Murad Ghanim, Yanan Ma, Ruihong Sun

引用次数: 0

Sardine Inclusion in a Food Waste-Based Substrate for Rearing Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae: Effects on Growth Performance, Body Composition, and Gut Microbiome. 沙丁鱼加入食物垃圾基质中饲养黑兵蝇（Hermetia illucens）幼虫：对生长性能、体成分和肠道微生物组的影响

IF 2.9 2区农林科学

Insects Pub Date : 2025-09-19 DOI: 10.3390/insects16090977

Seong-Mok Jeong, Byung Hwa Min, Sang Woo Hur, Jinho Bae, Ki Hwan Park, Kang Woong Kim

{"title":"Sardine Inclusion in a Food Waste-Based Substrate for Rearing Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae: Effects on Growth Performance, Body Composition, and Gut Microbiome.","authors":"Seong-Mok Jeong, Byung Hwa Min, Sang Woo Hur, Jinho Bae, Ki Hwan Park, Kang Woong Kim","doi":"10.3390/insects16090977","DOIUrl":"10.3390/insects16090977","url":null,"abstract":"The drastic surge in Sardine landings in Korea underscores the urgent need for sustainable upcycling strategies. However, research on the feasibility of using sardine (SD) in food waste (FW)-based substrates during the cultivation of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae (BSFL) remains limited. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effect of incorporating varying SD contents (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%), into which 4-day-old (third-instar) larvae weighing approximately 0.02 g were introduced and reared for 12 days in triplicate. SD inclusion in the substrate had a dose-dependent effect on BSFL growth; higher concentrations (≥50%) markedly inhibited key growth indices, including a significant reduction in total biomass (p < 0.05). Incorporating SD into the diet dose-dependently enriched the biomass with eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid while reducing the relative proportions of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids (p < 0.05). Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were the dominant phyla in the intestinal microbiota of BSFL. Further, SD inclusion altered the gut microbial community structure. Increased SD concentration in the diet led to a progressive reduction in unique genera, indicating decreased microbial diversity at higher inclusion levels. Overall, incorporating SD into FW for BSFL cultivation is feasible; however, optimizing substrate composition-particularly moisture and nutrient balance-is necessary to enhance larval growth and productivity.","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12470433/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145174931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Segmentation of Young Polish Consumers in Relation to Product Attributes and Willingness to Consume Food Containing Edible Insects. 波兰年轻消费者在产品属性和消费含食用昆虫食品意愿方面的细分。

IF 2.9 2区农林科学

Insects Pub Date : 2025-09-19 DOI: 10.3390/insects16090980

Anna Platta, Anna Mikulec, Monika Radzymińska, Karolina Mikulec, Stanisław Kowalski

{"title":"Segmentation of Young Polish Consumers in Relation to Product Attributes and Willingness to Consume Food Containing Edible Insects.","authors":"Anna Platta, Anna Mikulec, Monika Radzymińska, Karolina Mikulec, Stanisław Kowalski","doi":"10.3390/insects16090980","DOIUrl":"10.3390/insects16090980","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated consumer segmentation regarding insect-based foods among Polish Generation Z students. Data from 947 respondents were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) followed by k-means clustering. Two segmentation solutions were identified: a four-cluster model based on product categories and a three-cluster model based on product attributes. In the four-cluster solution, the segments were labeled insect product enthusiasts, pragmatic consumers of processed products, cautious explorers, and skeptical and disengaged. In the three-cluster solution, the clusters were identified as conscious enthusiasts, quality-oriented pragmatists, and skeptical and disengaged. Across both approaches, the clusters differed significantly in terms of food neophobia, perceptions of sustainability, and product-related attributes such as safety, nutritional value, and sensory appeal. Notably, socio-demographic factors such as gender, place of residence, economic status, and field of study did not show statistically significant differences across clusters. Food neophobia emerged as a strong and highly significant differentiator (p < 0.001), reinforcing its role as a major psychological barrier, while positive perceptions of safety, taste, and nutritional value enhanced acceptance. These findings extend current knowledge on consumer heterogeneity in sustainable food markets and provide practical guidance for developing tailored communication strategies to promote the acceptance of edible insects among young consumers.","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12470507/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145175048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Integrative Study of the Crane Fly Genus Brithura Edwards, 1916 (Diptera: Tipulidae) in East Asia: First Larval Descriptions of the Genus and Insights from Adult Morphology and DNA Barcoding. 东亚鹤蝇属Brithura Edwards， 1916的综合研究（双翅目：鹤蝇科）：该属首次幼虫描述及成虫形态和DNA条形码的见解。

IF 2.9 2区农林科学

Insects Pub Date : 2025-09-18 DOI: 10.3390/insects16090978

Virginija Podeniene, Sigitas Podenas, Dalius Butkauskas, Donatas Sneideris, Jin Whoa Yum, Neung-Ho Ahn, Soen Yi Kim, Jisoo Kim, Pavel Starkevich

{"title":"Integrative Study of the Crane Fly Genus Brithura Edwards, 1916 (Diptera: Tipulidae) in East Asia: First Larval Descriptions of the Genus and Insights from Adult Morphology and DNA Barcoding.","authors":"Virginija Podeniene, Sigitas Podenas, Dalius Butkauskas, Donatas Sneideris, Jin Whoa Yum, Neung-Ho Ahn, Soen Yi Kim, Jisoo Kim, Pavel Starkevich","doi":"10.3390/insects16090978","DOIUrl":"10.3390/insects16090978","url":null,"abstract":"Brithura Edwards, 1916 (Diptera: Tipulidae) is a small genus of crane flies currently comprising 16 described species distributed across the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions. Although the adults of this genus rank among the largest representatives of the family Tipulidae, their immature stages have remained undocumented until now. In this study, mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene fragment sequences (DNA barcodes) of Brithura sancta Alexander, 1929 were analyzed using both recently collected adult specimens from the Republic of Korea and historical museum specimens from China (collected in 1933). These sequences were compared with COI data obtained from larvae collected in Republic of Korea. We present the first description, with detailed illustrations and ecological information, of the previously unknown final instar larva of Brithura, specifically for the East Palaearctic species B. sancta. Diagnostic larval characters for the genus are discussed. Additionally, a redescription and comprehensive morphological documentation of the adult male and female B. sancta, including habitus and genitalia, are provided. This study represents the first phylogenetic contribution to the taxonomy of Brithura larvae based on mitochondrial COI sequence data.","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12471033/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145175020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparison of Morphological Characteristics of Antennae and Antennal Sensilla Among Three Species of Gall Wasps (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). 三种瘿蜂（膜翅目：瘿蜂科）触角和触角感受器形态特征的比较。

IF 2.9 2区农林科学

Insects Pub Date : 2025-09-18 DOI: 10.3390/insects16090976

Jinting Xie, Yi Liu, Junjue Li, Leming Zhou, Xiu Xu, Zhende Yang

{"title":"Comparison of Morphological Characteristics of Antennae and Antennal Sensilla Among Three Species of Gall Wasps (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae).","authors":"Jinting Xie, Yi Liu, Junjue Li, Leming Zhou, Xiu Xu, Zhende Yang","doi":"10.3390/insects16090976","DOIUrl":"10.3390/insects16090976","url":null,"abstract":"Various types of sensilla are densely distributed on the antennal surfaces of insects. The specialization of perception and ecological adaptability of antennae in detecting external environmental signals are reflected in the morphology, function, number, and distribution pattern of sensilla. L. invasa, O. bipolaris, and O. maskelli are three types of wasps that harm eucalyptus trees. To investigate the perception and reception methods of chemical signals from eucalyptus trees by the three gall wasps and compare interspecific differences, the antennal morphology and sensillar characteristics of these three gall wasps were systematically analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, including sensillar length, type, distribution, and number. Knee-shaped antennae, comprising the radicle, scape, pedicel, anelli, funicle, and club, are present in all three species. However, significant interspecific differences were observed in total antennal length and funicular number. Five major sensilla categories, comprising nine subtypes, were identified. Among these, five types (BS, CH, CS, TSI, TSII) were common to all three gall wasp species. PSI and PSII were unique to L. invasa, while O. bipolaris and O. maskell shared PSIII. Compared to O. maskelli, O. bipolaris possessed a significantly greater number of PSIII sensilla, which were also longer. TSIII was found exclusively in O. bipolaris. Interspecific differences were evident in antennal morphology, as well as in the number, size, and distribution of the sensilla. These variations in sensilla and antennal shape serve as a morphological foundation for species identification in addition to reflecting ecological adaptation and functional differentiation in environmental signal perception.","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12470718/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145175125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Functional Response, Interference, and Predation Efficiency of Diomus guilavoguii (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on Paracoccus marginatus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). guilavoguii Diomus（鞘翅目：瓢虫科）对边缘副绦虫（Pseudococcidae）的功能响应、干扰及捕食效率。

IF 2.9 2区农林科学

Insects Pub Date : 2025-09-17 DOI: 10.3390/insects16090971

Qijing Lin, Guoguo Ruan, Mingjie Tang, Xuanjie Guo, Meixiaoyun Yang, Xingmin Wang, Xiaosheng Chen

{"title":"Functional Response, Interference, and Predation Efficiency of Diomus guilavoguii (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on Paracoccus marginatus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae).","authors":"Qijing Lin, Guoguo Ruan, Mingjie Tang, Xuanjie Guo, Meixiaoyun Yang, Xingmin Wang, Xiaosheng Chen","doi":"10.3390/insects16090971","DOIUrl":"10.3390/insects16090971","url":null,"abstract":"Paracoccus marginatus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) poses a significant threat to over 200 plant species, severely impacting agricultural productivity. Diomus guilavoguii (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is a natural predator of P. marginatus. To develop an effective and environmentally friendly management strategy against P. marginatus, this study investigates the predation relationship between D. guilavoguii and P. marginatus by focusing on functional response and mutual interference under controlled laboratory conditions (Petri dishes). The results indicated that D. guilavoguii exhibits a type II functional response toward P. marginatus, with adults of D. guilavoguii demonstrating superior efficiency in preying upon P. marginatus (the theoretical daily maximum predation rate for female adults of D. guilavoguii on young mealybugs is 416.667). However, a decrease in the predators' search effect was observed with increasing prey density. Additionally, interspecific interference competition intensified as the number of predators increased, resulting in reduced predation efficiency. Consequently, D. guilavoguii shows promise biological control agent for the management of P. marginatus under laboratory conditions, although further studies in greenhouse and field environments are required to validate its potential in practical pest management.","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12470789/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145174970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Review of the Genus Homidia (Collembola, Entomobryidae) in China Informed by COI DNA Barcoding, with the Description of Three New Species. 中国昆虫虻属（弹尾纲，虫蛉科）COI DNA条形码研究进展及三新种描述。

IF 2.9 2区农林科学

Insects Pub Date : 2025-09-17 DOI: 10.3390/insects16090974

Xiaowei Qian, Yu Fu, Yitong Ma

引用次数: 0

Luthrodes pandava Larvae Can Distinguish Cycas Leaf Quality in Cafeteria Experiments. 在自助食堂实验中，潘达蝇幼虫能区分苏铁叶片的品质。

IF 2.9 2区农林科学

Insects Pub Date : 2025-09-17 DOI: 10.3390/insects16090973

Thomas E Marler

{"title":"Luthrodes pandava Larvae Can Distinguish Cycas Leaf Quality in Cafeteria Experiments.","authors":"Thomas E Marler","doi":"10.3390/insects16090973","DOIUrl":"10.3390/insects16090973","url":null,"abstract":"Cycads are being endangered by several anthropogenic threats, and invasions of non-native herbivores are among those threats. Various country invasions by the cycad blue butterfly Luthrodes pandava have threatened the local horticulture cycad trade and native cycad populations. Little is known about behaviors of the larval stage of this specialist herbivore, the life phase that causes damage to cycad leaf tissue. The objective here was to determine larval ability to discriminate among Cycas species that are known to exhibit contrasting susceptibility to L. pandava herbivory. Dual-choice cafeteria protocols were used whereby a single larvae was provisioned with one leaflet of minimally damaged species (low quality) and one leaflet of heavily damaged species (high quality). Consumption after an 8 h feeding cycle was measured as loss in leaflet area. Wild L. pandava populations derived from in situ Philippine and Thailand Cycas habitats preferentially fed on high quality leaflets. In contrast, invasive L. pandava populations from urban locations in Guam, Philippines, and Thailand exhibited no preferences in leaflet feeding choice. The findings indicated that larvae of this Lycaenidae specialist herbivore exhibit complex selection behaviors that depend on origin of the butterfly and feeding history. Discrimination capabilities of the in situ populations that evolved with a single native Cycas species demonstrated beneficial behaviors that appear to be lost over time by invasive populations that feed on numerous novel Cycas hosts within the invasive range.","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12470488/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145175147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spatiotemporal Population Genomics of the Invasive Whitefly Bemisia tabaci MED in China: Implications for Surveillance and Sustainable Control. 中国入侵白蝇烟粉虱的时空种群基因组学研究：对监测和可持续控制的意义。

IF 2.9 2区农林科学

Insects Pub Date : 2025-09-17 DOI: 10.3390/insects16090975

Kun Yang, Hongran Li, Dong Guo, Zuowen Sun, Fujun Li, Dong Chu

{"title":"Spatiotemporal Population Genomics of the Invasive Whitefly Bemisia tabaci MED in China: Implications for Surveillance and Sustainable Control.","authors":"Kun Yang, Hongran Li, Dong Guo, Zuowen Sun, Fujun Li, Dong Chu","doi":"10.3390/insects16090975","DOIUrl":"10.3390/insects16090975","url":null,"abstract":"Bemisia tabaci MED is one of the most invasive and destructive agricultural pests worldwide, posing a serious threat to crop production and biosecurity. Understanding its spatiotemporal population dynamics and genetic structure is critical for early detection, effective surveillance, and sustainable management. Previous studies have shown that B. tabaci MED in China has a high genetic structure and an unstable genetic composition. The annual genetic dynamics of the B. tabaci MED population have not been investigated throughout the outbreak phase that began in 2008. Here, we report the use of 2b-RAD sequencing to estimate the spatial and temporal genetic structure of B. tabaci MED in Shandong Province over several years. We examined 198 individuals from five sites over four years (2008, 2013, 2015, and 2017). Although populations showed generally low within-population diversity (Shannon I ≤ 0.407) and a high gene flow, clear temporal differentiation emerged between the early invasion phase (2008) and later outbreak years (2013-2017). Furthermore, specific populations, notably 2017 Liaocheng and Zaozhuang, retained distinct genetic signatures compared with other regions, suggesting localized founder effects or adaptation. Our study underscores the importance of integrating high-resolution genomic tools into invasive pest surveillance programs, and understanding this heterogeneity is critical for targeted surveillance, quarantine prioritization, and sustainable management strategies.","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12470717/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145175064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of Acheta domesticus Powder Incorporation on Nutritional Composition, Technological Properties, and Sensory Acceptance of Wheat Bread. 枸杞粉掺入对小麦面包营养成分、工艺性能及感官接受度的影响。

IF 2.9 2区农林科学

Insects Pub Date : 2025-09-17 DOI: 10.3390/insects16090972

Agnieszka Orkusz, Martyna Orkusz

{"title":"Effect of Acheta domesticus Powder Incorporation on Nutritional Composition, Technological Properties, and Sensory Acceptance of Wheat Bread.","authors":"Agnieszka Orkusz, Martyna Orkusz","doi":"10.3390/insects16090972","DOIUrl":"10.3390/insects16090972","url":null,"abstract":"The fortification of bakery products with alternative protein sources, including edible insects, offers a promising approach to improving nutritional quality while addressing sustainability challenges. This study evaluated graded replacement of type 750 wheat flour with Acheta domesticus (house cricket) powder-together with an extreme 100% cricket-powder formulation-on the nutritional composition, color, particle size distribution, fermentative properties, baking loss, crumb hardness, and sensory quality of bread. Fifteen baked variants were prepared: a 100% wheat flour control; thirteen wheat-cricket blends containing 5-90% cricket powder; and an extreme formulation with 100% cricket powder. Increasing cricket-powder levels significantly increased protein, fat, fiber, zinc, and riboflavin contents while decreasing carbohydrate and starch levels. Technologically, higher substitution levels resulted in darker crumb color, a shift toward coarser particle size distribution, reduced gas retention during proofing, and increased baking loss. Sensory analysis indicated that up to 15% inclusion maintained full consumer acceptability, while 20-25% was at the acceptance threshold. Above 35%, acceptability declined sharply due to intensified earthy flavors and textural changes. The findings highlight 15% inclusion as the optimal balance between enhanced nutritional value and sensory quality, with potential for higher incorporation if appropriate technological modifications are applied.","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12470273/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145174697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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