Insects最新文献

{"title":"Development of a New Trapping System with Potential Implementation as a Tool for Mosquito-Borne Arbovirus Surveillance.","authors":"Luísa Maria Inácio da Silva, Larissa Krokovsky, Rafaela Cassiano Matos, Gabriel da Luz Wallau, Marcelo Henrique Santos Paiva","doi":"10.3390/insects16060637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16060637","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mosquitoes of the <i>Aedes</i> and <i>Culex</i> genera are primary vectors of arboviruses such as the dengue, Zika, chikungunya (CHIKV), Oropouche, and West Nile viruses, causing millions of infections annually. Standard virus detection in mosquitoes requires capturing, transporting, and processing samples with a cold chain to preserve RNA, which is challenging in resource-limited areas. FTA cards preserve viral RNA at room temperature and have been used to collect mosquito saliva, a key sample for assessing transmission. However, most FTA-based traps require electricity or CO₂, limiting use in low-resource settings. This study adapted and evaluated the BR-ArboTrap, a low-cost trap derived from an oviposition trap, integrating a sugar-based attractant with FTA cards to collect mosquito saliva, without electricity or refrigeration. <i>Aedes aegypti</i> exposed to CHIKV were used in three experiments to evaluate: (i) RNA preservation under different conditions, (ii) the minimum number of positive mosquitoes for detection, and (iii) RNA amounts on FTA versus blood. RT-qPCR detected CHIKV RNA in 90% of FTA cards and 96% of exposed mosquitoes. RNA remained stable under varying conditions, with no significant difference compared to blood. BR-ArboTrap is an effective, affordable, and field-ready tool to enhance arbovirus surveillance in remote and low-resource areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"16 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144484211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Invertebrates of Siberia, a Potential Source of Animal Protein for Innovative Food and Feed Production: Biomass Nutrient Composition Change in the Earthworm <i>Eisenia fetida</i> (Savigny, 1826) and the House Cricket <i>Acheta domesticus</i> (Linnaeus, 1758).","authors":"Sergei E Tshernyshev, Andrei S Babenko, Irina B Babkina, Ruslan T-O Baghirov, Vera P Modyaeva, Margarita D Morozova, Ksenia E Skribtcova, Elena Y Subbotina, Mikhail V Shcherbakov, Anastasia V Simakova","doi":"10.3390/insects16060632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16060632","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The possibility of designing the nutrient composition of invertebrate biomass was investigated. Two model species of terrestrial invertebrates, the house cricket <i>Acheta domesticus</i> (Linnaeus, 1758) and the earthworm <i>Eisenia fetida</i> (Savigny, 1826), were studied after feeding on substrates alternately enriched with certain nutrient precursors proposed in single and double doses. Crickets and earthworms showed similar tendencies to increase the B vitamin content of those vitamins whose initial level was high. Double-dose enrichment of the food substrate increased the levels of vitamin C, fat-soluble vitamins and most B vitamins. In a control group of crickets, vitamin C levels were 1.5 times lower than in a control group of earthworms. After enrichment of the feed substrate, the vitamin C content in the biomass of the crickets did not change significantly, but in the earthworms it increased significantly. The content of a wide range of minerals did not change after single-dose enrichment, but some micro-elements such as Pb and Se decreased significantly in earthworms after double-dose enrichment of the feed substrate. The calorific value of crickets was twice that of earthworms and did not change significantly after double-dose enrichment. It is shown that the nutrient composition of invertebrate biomass can be increased by enriching the feed substrate with precursors. The most effective increases are observed for all vitamins and several minerals. The results can be used to achieve specific nutrient concentrations in biomass for food and medical purposes.</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"16 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144484276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional Differentiation Reconfiguration in the Midgut of <i>Nezara viridula</i> (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Based on Transcriptomics: Multilayer Enrichment Analysis and Topological Network Interpretation.","authors":"Dongyue Yu, Jingyu Liang, Wenjun Bu","doi":"10.3390/insects16060634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16060634","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present investigation systematically elucidates the distinct functional specialization within the M1-M3 midgut sections of the significant agricultural pest, <i>Nezara viridula</i>. Employing an integrated transcriptomic analysis, three pivotal discoveries were achieved: (1) each midgut segment possesses unique gene expression signatures; (2) metabolic and signal transduction pathways exhibit coordinated regulatory patterns; and (3) parallel expression changes occur between neuroreceptor (e.g., <i>TACR</i>/<i>HTR</i>) and metabolic enzyme (e.g., <i>GLA</i>/<i>NAGA</i>) genes within identical midgut segments. These data reveal that the M1 region is primarily enriched in metabolic processes and neural signaling; the M2 region emphasizes cellular junctions and immune responses, while the M3 region is mainly responsible for cellular senescence and renewal. These discoveries advance the understanding of feeding adaptation mechanisms in Hemipteran insects and propose a \"metabolism-defense-regeneration\" functional model for the midgut. The established multi-level analytical framework provides a robust methodology for subsequent dissection of complex biological systems, identification of key molecular targets for functional validation, and for the development of novel pest control strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"16 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144484252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time to Emergence of the Lyme Disease Pathogen in Habitats of the Northeastern U.S.A.","authors":"Dorothy Wallace, Michael Palace, Lucas Eli Price, Xun Shi","doi":"10.3390/insects16060631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16060631","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ticks carry a range of pathogens, the best known of which causes Lyme disease, prevalent in the northeastern United States. Emerging diseases do not yet consist of a wide range of Lyme diseases, raising the question of how long it takes for a newly introduced tick-borne disease to establish itself. The aim of this study was to address this question, with the agent of Lyme disease used as the test case. A prior process-based model of the <i>Ixodes scapularis</i> (Say 1821) life cycle and the transmission of <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> (Burgdorfer 1982) between this tick and its various hosts was used to predict the dynamics of disease introduction into a new area. The importance of temperature, infection probabilities, and tick host populations, relative to that of other factors, was established by a global sensitivity analysis using Latin hypercube sampling. The results of those samples were analyzed to determine the time to near-equilibrium. Eight locations in New Hampshire were chosen for high/low temperature, high/low mouse, and high/low deer values. Mammal abundance was estimated by relating the known mammal density from previous studies to a MaxEnt analysis output. The time required to reach <i>Borrelia</i> endemicity in the ticks of New Hampshire ranged from 8 to 20 years in regions where the tick population is viable, with a strong dependency on susceptible tick host populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"16 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144484268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrophysiological and Behavioral Responses of <i>Thrips hawaiiensis</i> (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) to the Floral Volatiles of the Horticultural Plant <i>Magnolia grandiflora</i> (Magnoliales: Magnoliaceae).","authors":"Tao Zhang, Yuping Yang, Filippo Maggi, Feiyu Jiang, Rongrong Yuan, Lujie Huang, Xueyan Zhang, Yu Cao, Yulin Gao","doi":"10.3390/insects16060633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16060633","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Volatile cues are important in the host detection and discrimination of phytophagous insects, allowing them to find suitable hosts. Here, the electroantennography (EAG) and behavioral responses of female <i>Thrips hawaiiensis</i> to the floral volatiles of different plants, <i>Magnolia grandiflora</i> L. (Magnoliales: Magnoliaceae), <i>Gerbera jamesonii</i> Bolus (Asterales: Asteraceae), <i>Lilium brownii</i> Baker (Liliales: Liliaceae), and <i>Rosa rugosa</i> Thunb. (Rosales: Rosaceae), were studied. Y-tube olfactometer bioassays revealed that <i>M. grandiflora</i> was the preferred host for <i>T. hawaiiensis</i>. Fifty-two compounds were identified from the volatile profile of <i>M. grandiflora</i> by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, of which <i>β</i>-elemen (15.39%), bicyclogermacren (11.99%), and (<i>E</i>)-<i>α</i>-bisabolene (6.05%) showed the highest relative contents. The EAG bioassays revealed that the antennae of <i>T. hawaiiensis</i> could perceive these tested volatile compounds at different concentrations. In six-arm olfactometer bioassays, <i>T. hawaiiensis</i> showed significant positive responses to <i>β</i>-elemen and (<i>E</i>)-<i>α</i>-bisabolene at various concentrations, and 10 μg/μL was found to be the most attractive concentration for <i>β</i>-elemen, and 50 and 100 μg/μL for (<i>E</i>)-<i>α</i>-bisabolene. Based on the four-arm olfactometer bioassays, <i>β</i>-elemen was more attractive than (<i>E</i>)-<i>α</i>-bisabolene to <i>T. hawaiiensis</i> when compared at their optimal concentrations. Therefore, <i>T. hawaiiensis</i> could perceive and distinguish the floral volatiles from the preferred host plant (<i>M. grandiflora</i>). These findings assist in better understanding the mechanism of host preferences of <i>T. hawaiiensis</i> from a chemoecological perspective. In particular, <i>β</i>-elemen showed the greatest potential to be developed as a novel attractant for the monitoring and control of <i>T. hawaiiensis</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"16 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144484245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Driving Factors of Formicidae in Small Watersheds of Loess Hilly Regions.","authors":"Yu Tian, Fangfang Qiang, Guangquan Liu, Changhai Liu, Ning Ai","doi":"10.3390/insects16060630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16060630","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study takes the Jinfoping Small Watershed in the Loess Hilly Region as the research area. Through field investigation and laboratory analysis, combined with methods such as spatial autocorrelation analysis, the ordinary least squares method (OLS), and the geographically weighted regression model (GWR), it deeply explores the spatial distribution characteristics and driving factors of Formicidae in the study area. The research results are as follows: (1) Spatial autocorrelation analysis indicates that the distribution of Formicidae is significantly regulated by spatial dependence and has significant spatial autocorrelation (global Moran's I = 0.332; <i>p</i> < 0.01). (2) The spatial visualization analysis of the GWR model reveals that soil physical and chemical properties and topographic factors have local influences on the spatial distribution of Formicidae. Available phosphorus (AP) and slope (SLP) were significantly positively correlated with the number of ants. Hydrogen peroxidase (HP) and topographic relief (TR) were significantly negatively correlated with the number of ants. This study reveals the spatial distribution pattern of Formicidae in the Loess Hilly Region and its complex relationship with environmental factors, and clarifies the importance of considering spatial heterogeneity when analyzing ecosystem processes. The research results provide a scientific basis for the protection and management of soil ecosystems, and also offer new methods and ideas for future related research.</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"16 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144484239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sublethal Effects of Abamectin and Acetamiprid on the Longevity, Fecundity and Detoxification Enzyme Activity of <i>Rhopalosiphum padi</i>.","authors":"Bokun Wang, Hongming Hui, Xingye Li, Xueqing Yang, Yuting Li","doi":"10.3390/insects16060629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16060629","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The bird cherry-oat aphid <i>Rhopalosiphum padi</i> (L.) poses a significant threat to wheat production, resulting in substantial yield reductions. Abamectin and acetamiprid are frequently utilized for management. This study assessed the sublethal effects of abamectin and acetamiprid on <i>R. padi</i> through life table analysis and enzyme activity assays. At 24 h, the LC₁₀ and LC₃₀ values for abamectin to <i>R. padi</i> were 0.063 mg/L and 0.252 mg/L, respectively, while, for acetamiprid, the corresponding values were 0.065 and 0.293 mg/L. The results indicated that exposure to sublethal concentrations of abamectin (AB-LC₁₀) extended the longevity of <i>R. padi</i> F₀ generation, while acetamiprid (AC-LC₁₀ and AC-LC₃₀) decreased it. Furthermore, the fecundity of the F₀ generation was significantly reduced following exposure to AB-LC₃₀, AC-LC₁₀ and AC-LC₃₀. In the F₁ generation, exposure to sublethal concentrations of acetamiprid negatively impacted on <i>R. padi</i>, as evidenced by a significant reduction in longevity; fecundity and population parameters (<i>R</i>₀, <i>r</i>, <i>λ</i>, <i>s_xj</i>, <i>l_x</i>, <i>l_xm_x</i>, <i>v_xj</i> and <i>e_xj</i>). Conversely, sublethal concentrations of abamectin did not significantly affect these parameters. Additionally, population projections revealed a significantly smaller total population size of <i>R. padi</i> in the acetamiprid-exposed group compared to both the abamectin-exposed and control groups. Except these population-level effects, the activities of detoxification enzymes, including cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450), glutathione S-transferases (GST) and carboxylesterases (CarE), changed differently after treatments. These results suggest that sublethal concentrations of acetamiprid, but not abamectin, significantly inhibit the population growth of <i>R. padi</i>. These insights are crucial for <i>R. padi</i> control and facilitate the development of effective control strategies that take into account these sublethal effects in integrated pest management strategies targeting <i>R. padi</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"16 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144484240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Death-Leading Envenomization of Rabbits with Snake Versus Scorpion Venoms: A Comparative Forensic Investigation of Postmortem Decomposition and Beetle Succession.","authors":"Afnan Saleh Al-Qurashi, Mohammed Saleh Al-Khalifa, Hathal Mohammed Al Dhafer, Mahmoud Saleh Abdel-Dayem, Hossam Ebaid, Ashraf Mohamed Ahmed","doi":"10.3390/insects16060625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16060625","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>:Envenomation by poisonous creatures is a major global cause of mortality. Its concomitant impact on the postmortem corpse decomposition and associated insect succession pattern is still poorly understood. <b>Purpose of the study</b>: This study comparatively investigates the impact of envenomization with the venoms of the snake <i>Walterinnesia aegyptia</i> L. versus the scorpion, <i>Androctonus crassicauda</i> L., on rabbit corpse decomposition and beetle succession. <b>Methods</b>: Three groups of rabbits (five animals each) were injected with the snake venom, the scorpion venom, or 0.9% saline (control) prior to euthanasia with CO₂. The corpse decomposition stages and beetle succession were monitored over 11 days. <b>Results</b>: Four stages of decomposition with venom-dependent duration variation were observed. The scorpion-envenomized corpses showed a longer decay stage and a delayed dry stage. A total of 1094 beetles belonging to 27 species of 14 families were reported. Histeridae, Dermestidae, Scarabaeidae, and Tenebrionidae were the most diversified and prevalent families. Chrysomelidae, Elateridae, Hybosoridae, and Ptinidae were incidentally attracted to control corpses, while Nitidulidae and Zopheridae were only found on control and snake-envenomized ones. Four species belonging to the families Anthicidae, Histeridae, Scarabaeidae, and Tenebrionidae were predominant on all corpses. Four species belonging to the families Chrysomelidae, Curculionidae, Elateridae, and Hybosoridae were distinctively associated with the control corpses. <b>Conclusions</b>: These findings provided evidence that envenomation impacted the decomposition process and beetle succession in a venom-dependent manner, which could be significant for forensic investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"16 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144484207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptome-Wide Identification of Neuropeptides and Neuropeptide Receptors in the Twenty-Eight-Spotted Ladybird <i>Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata</i>.","authors":"Quanxing Lei, Ziming Wang, Shuangyan Yao, Aili Lin, Yunhui Zhang, Chengxian Sun, Xiaoguang Liu, Mengfang Du, Xiaoming Liu, Shiheng An","doi":"10.3390/insects16060624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16060624","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ladybird beetle, <i>Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata</i>, is an oligophagous pest with significant economic impact. This pest causes considerable economic damage on numerous Solanaceae crops. Neuropeptides, along with their designated receptors, play a pivotal role in regulating diverse biological processes in insects, presenting a promising avenue for innovative pest management strategies. Herein, the transcriptome of the central nervous system (CNS) of <i>H. vigintioctopunctata</i> was sequenced. Overall, our analysis identified 58 neuropeptide precursor genes, from which 98 diverse mature peptides were predicted. Furthermore, 31 neuropeptide receptor genes belonging to three distinct classes were discovered, along with predictions for their potential ligands. Moreover, the expression patterns of these 58 neuropeptide genes across larval brain tissue, ventral nerve cord, and gut were evaluated using quantitative real-time PCR. Collectively, these findings will significantly contribute to future research focused on understanding the physiological functions and pharmacological characteristics of neuropeptides and their receptors in <i>H. vigintioctopunctata</i>. Ultimately, these insights may facilitate the development of targeted neuropeptide-based solutions for managing this pest affecting solanaceous plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"16 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144484281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Wohlfahrtia nuba</i> (Wiedemann, 1830) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) Development and Survival Under Fluctuating Temperatures.","authors":"Abeer S Yamany, Manal F Elkhadragy, Rewaida Abdel-Gaber","doi":"10.3390/insects16060628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16060628","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The flesh fly, <i>Wohlfahrtia nuba</i> (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), is one of the first necrophagous insects to arrive on a cadaver and is vital for understanding decomposition. Environmental factors, especially temperature, influence insect development, which is crucial for estimating postmortem interval (PMI) in forensic entomology. This study explored how seasonal temperature variations affect the survival and development of <i>W. nuba</i>'s immature stages. The <i>W. nuba</i> colony was reared in the laboratory for four seasons from 3 October 2023 to 30 September 2024. The duration of the larval and pupal phases, the percentage of survival and mortality of the larvae and pupae, the larval growth rate, the percentage of emergence, fecundity, the sex ratio, and the pre-larviposition period were among the many life cycle characteristics that were documented during the study. Research indicates that seasonal changes affect development, shortening the growth period as temperatures rise. Flies raised at an average temperature of 38.3 °C grew faster but experienced higher larval mortality and lower survival rates. The average duration of larval and pupal stages was reduced, with an optimal development temperature of 27.9 °C showing higher survival rates, maximum body weight, and fecundity. The largest mortality rate occurred during winter at an average temperature of 18.5 °C, with males and females showing significant pupal elongation. The findings could help forensic entomologists working on legal investigations to ascertain PMI.</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"16 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144484187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}