Infection最新文献

{"title":"Real-life data of hepatitis C treatment with direct acting antiviral therapy in persons injecting drugs or on opioid substitution therapy.","authors":"Pfaeffle M, Duenkelmann S, Boesecke C, Rockstroh J K, Schwarze-Zander C","doi":"10.1007/s15010-024-02433-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s15010-024-02433-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>HCV treatment has been revolutionized by introduction of direct-acting antiviral therapy (DAA). Short treatment duration of eight to twelve weeks combined with significantly improved tolerability opened the opportunity to reach out to difficult-to-treat populations. Here, we retrospectively analyzed real life data on HCV treatment adherence and outcome in people who inject drugs (PWID) or on opioid substitution therapy (OST).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All PWID or on OST receiving DAA therapy between 3/2021-11/2022 at an infectious disease clinic in Bonn were retrospectively analyzed. Patients received either 8 weeks glecaprevir/pibrentasvir or 12 weeks sofosbuvir/velpatasvir (+ ribavirin in genotype 3 cirrhotic patients). Sustained virological response (SVR) was measured 4 and 12 weeks after HCV therapy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In our cohort 47 patients (68%) received treatment with glecaprevir/pibrentasvir and 22 patients (32%) sofosbuvir/velpatasvir. All 47 (100%) patients started on glecaprevir/pibrentasvir received prescriptions for the full length of therapy, while patients on sofosbuvir/velpatasvir completed 12 weeks therapy in 86% and 8 weeks in 14% (p = 0.029). Of 69 patients 74% were found to achieve SVR. In 20% no information is available as they were lost to follow-up. Re-infection was documented in 3 patients and one relapse in a gt3 patient with cirrhosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>High adherence and response rates to HCV treatment were found following DAA based therapy in PWID supporting the call to include difficult-to-treat populations into HCV treatment efforts on the way to HCV elimination. Treatment of OST and HCV at one institution supporting patients by a multidisciplinary team may further facilitate adherence to follow up visits enabling documentation of treatment outcomes more easily.</p>","PeriodicalId":13600,"journal":{"name":"Infection","volume":" ","pages":"1205-1211"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12137403/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142619617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards shortening the duration of antibiotic therapy for Lyme borreliosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Alice Raffetin, Anna J Henningsson, Katharina Ornstein, Pauline Arias, Volker Fingerle, Solene Patrat-Delon, Daniel Bremell, Per Eric Lindgren, Tobias A Rupprecht, Benoît Jaulhac, Klaus-Peter Hunfeld, Céline Cazorla, Mateusz Markowicz, Reto Lienhard, Alje P van Dam, Elisabeth Baux, Sally Mavin, Joppe W Hovius, M E Baarsma, Kristine Karlsrud Berg, Randi Eikeland, Ram B Dessau","doi":"10.1007/s15010-025-02501-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s15010-025-02501-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Systematic review and meta-analysis on shortening antibiotic therapy for Lyme borreliosis (LB) patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data sources: Medline, Google, and Google Scholar (queried from January 2022-February 2024), following the PRISMA method and the Cochrane Handbook.</p><p><strong>Eligibility criteria: </strong>Randomized clinical trials, comparative studies; clear definitions of LB, duration of antibiotics and outcome; follow-up ≥ 6-12 months. Meta-analysis included studies that examined three outcomes: treatment failure; residual symptoms; adverse events.</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>Short vs. extended antibiotic therapy for erythema migrans (≤ 10 days vs. > 10 days) and disseminated LB (≤ 21 days vs. > 21 days). Assessment of risk of bias. Independently, using the Cochrane Tools.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>of data synthesis. Estimation of treatment effects based on a fixed-effect model (Mantel-Haenszel or Peto method), with odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-eight full-text articles were examined (850 patients): 29 were included in the qualitative analysis; six in the meta-analysis. Heterogeneity was low (I² = 0%). At 12 months, short-term treatment did not differ from long-term treatment in terms of failures (OR1.50, 95%CI[0.43-5.22]) and residual symptoms (OR0.95, 95%CI[0.66-1.37]), albeit with small samples.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This meta-analysis was underpowered to prove non-inferiority of shorter treatment, but suggests its safety for EM. Studies focusing on antibiotics duration, with sufficient sample sizes and clear outcomes, are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":13600,"journal":{"name":"Infection","volume":" ","pages":"809-830"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143984843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Successful therapy of a newborn with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia nosocomial pneumonia with cefiderocol.","authors":"Janina Trauth, Rahel Schuler, Markus Waitz, Harald Ehrhardt, Moritz Fritzenwanker, Susanne Herold","doi":"10.1007/s15010-024-02404-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s15010-024-02404-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cefiderocol is a new siderophore-beta-lactam antibiotic used for the treatment of severe multidrug-resistant infections like sepsis, hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated pneumonia in adults, but there are only single reports on its use in the neonatal population. We describe the successful cefiderocol treatment of a newborn with pneumogenic sepsis due to Stenotrophomonas maltophilia.</p>","PeriodicalId":13600,"journal":{"name":"Infection","volume":" ","pages":"1227-1231"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12137400/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142380761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discrepancy between antibiotic pack sizes and guideline recommendations: a real-world analysis based on claims data.","authors":"Sabrina M Stollberg, Sereina M Graber, Andreas Kronenberg, Oliver Senn, Stefan Neuner-Jehle, Catherine Pluess-Suard, Carola A Huber, Andreas Plate","doi":"10.1007/s15010-024-02420-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s15010-024-02420-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Antibiotics are often only available in predefined pack sizes, which may not align with guideline recommendations. This can result in leftover pills, leading to inappropriate self-medication or waste disposal, which can both foster the development of antibiotic resistance. The magnitude of inappropriate pack sizes is largely unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential non-conformity of prescribed antibiotic pack sizes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective observational study was based on claims data from a large Swiss health insurance company. The study analysed the prescriptions of eleven different antibiotic substances recommended for the five most common indications for antibiotics in Switzerland. All prescriptions for adult outpatients issued by general practitioners in 2022 were included and extrapolated to the entire Swiss population. Potential non-conformity was defined as a mismatch between the total dosage in a pack and the total dosage recommended.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of n = 947,439 extrapolated prescriptions were analysed. In 10 of 23 of all analysed substance/indication combinations none of the prescribed packs aligned with the respective guideline recommendation. Considering pack sizes in which the total prescribed dosage of a substance did not correspond to any of the total dosages recommended in at least one of the guidelines, 31.6% of prescriptions were potentially non-conform and an estimated number of 2.7 million tablets were overprescribed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We found a large discrepancy between prescribed pack sizes and guideline recommendations. Since inadequately prepacked antibiotics may lead to antibiotic resistance and unnecessary waste, efforts are needed to implement alternatives like exact pill dispensing.</p>","PeriodicalId":13600,"journal":{"name":"Infection","volume":" ","pages":"1029-1039"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12137524/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142499644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosis, management and prevention of loiasis: guideline of the German Society for Tropical Medicine, Travel Medicine, and Global Health (DTG).","authors":"Michael Ramharter, Stefan Schlabe, Marc P Hübner, Pia Michelitsch, Florian Kurth, Sabine Bélard, Tamara Nordmann, Saskia Dede Davi","doi":"10.1007/s15010-024-02443-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s15010-024-02443-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Loiasis is a complex filarial infection endemic in Central Africa and parts of West Africa. Loa loa is transmitted by the deer fly Chrysops dimidiata and C. silacea. The clinical manifestation of the disease is highly variable ranging from asymptomatic infection, symptomatic disease, to life-threatening complications. The diagnosis of L. loa infection is challenging due to a significant proportion of occult infections and a lack of reliable point of care tests. While diethylcarbamazine is the gold standard for curative treatment in many non-endemic countries, its use is limited in endemic regions due to its propensity for severe adverse drug reactions that may occasionally lead to life threatening complications. Alternative treatment regimens have specific indications and limitations in the treatment of loiasis. In this guideline, issued by the German Society for Tropical Medicine, Travel Medicine, and Global Health, recommendations for the diagnosis, management, treatment, and prevention of loiasis are provided based on the currently available best evidence, and gaps in our understanding are highlighted.</p>","PeriodicalId":13600,"journal":{"name":"Infection","volume":" ","pages":"851-872"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12137371/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144110638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Tryptophan-Kynurenine pathway in people living with HIV: a systematic review.","authors":"Tshiamo Will Sebigi, Levanco K Asia, Grant G January, Esmé Jansen van Vuren, Monray Edward Williams","doi":"10.1007/s15010-025-02557-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s15010-025-02557-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>HIV-1 disrupts the metabolic profile of people living with HIV (PLWH), including the Tryptophan-Kynurenine (Trp-Kyn) pathway, linked to disease outcomes and comorbidities. Despite numerous studies, consensus on key dysregulated metabolites in antiretroviral therapy (ART)-treated PLWH is lacking. This systematic review compiles data to identify and highlight the most noteworthy Trp-Kyn metabolites.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched using a search protocol specifically designed for this study. Studies that investigated the levels of metabolites in the Trp-Kyn pathway in the peripheral blood of PLWH on ART, as well as in healthy control groups were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirteen metabolomic studies that investigated this pathway met our inclusion criteria. The findings revealed that Trp, Kyn, and the Kyn/Trp ratio (indicative of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase IDO activity) were the most investigated metabolites in this metabolic pathway. Evidence consistently demonstrated that Trp levels were lower in PLWH, while predicted IDO activity was consistently higher. Despite the widespread investigation of Kyn, there was no clear consensus on its levels in PLWH, with some studies reporting higher levels and others finding no significant differences compared to HIV-negative controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In the modern ART era, Trp metabolism and IDO activity may play key regulatory roles in HIV-1 pathogenesis, as evidenced by the consistent patterns observed across various studies. These metabolites and related pathways warrant further investigation as potential targets for improved diagnostics, prognostics, and therapeutics in the context of HIV-1.</p>","PeriodicalId":13600,"journal":{"name":"Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144191752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical features, course, and risk factors of infection-associated secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.","authors":"Michael Ruzicka, Thomas Wimmer, Hans-Joachim Stemmler, Stephanie-Susanne Stecher, Hendrik Schulze-Koops, Fabian Hauck, Marion Subklewe, Michael von Bergwelt-Baildon, Karsten Spiekermann","doi":"10.1007/s15010-025-02559-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s15010-025-02559-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is an orphan disease characterized by excessive inflammation and poor outcome. We sought to further characterize clinical features, courses, and risk factors of secondary HLH (sHLH) triggered by infection (iHLH). 28 (43.1%) of 65 adult sHLH cases treated at our hospital from 2012-2024 were infection-associated. iHLH patients were mostly male (71.4%). Infectious agents most frequently detected were EBV (57.1%) and leishmania (14.3%). The median time to diagnosis was 13 [6.0;24.8] days. iHLH patients had a mortality rate of 39.3% (median follow-up time: 735 [336;1140] days), worse survival than patients with autoimmune-triggered (hazard ratio: 3.33 (1.01-11.10), p = 0.049), and better survival than patients with paraneoplastic HLH (hazard ratio: 0.19 (0.10-0.84), p = 0.002). Elevated levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL2R; > 6,000 I/U), low thrombocyte counts (< 40 G/l), and a history of malignant disease were associated with adverse outcomes. Protracted time to diagnosis was associated with severe disease courses and with leishmaniosis. Further, sIL2R levels correlated positively with prolonged aPTT and thrombocytopenia, and hypertriglyceridemia with elevated INRs. Patients with an elevated sIL2R:ferritin ratio were more likely to have a history of malignant comorbidities. Taken together, sIL2R, thrombocytopenia, and a history of malignant disease are important prognostic factors of iHLH. Patients with high sIL2R levels or hypertriglyceridemia may be at higher risk of bleeding, and patients with elevated sIL2R:ferritin ratios should be assessed for possible malignant comorbidities. Lastly, increased awareness of the disease and newly emerging pathogens (i.e. leishmania) may shorten the time to diagnosis, and thus reduce severe courses of iHLH.</p>","PeriodicalId":13600,"journal":{"name":"Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144158483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bridging oral and systemic health: exploring pathogenesis, biomarkers, and diagnostic innovations in periodontal disease.","authors":"Max Foroughi, Mahmoud Torabinejad, Nikola Angelov, David M Ojcius, Keykavous Parang, Marcus Ravnan, Jerika Lam","doi":"10.1007/s15010-025-02568-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s15010-025-02568-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This narrative review explores the multifaceted links between periodontal diseases (gingivitis and periodontitis) and systemic health conditions, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, adverse pregnancy outcomes, Alzheimer's disease, cancers, rheumatoid arthritis, and respiratory infections. It aims to synthesize evidence on how local oral infections exert systemic effects and evaluate the potential of diagnostic technologies to monitor these interactions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This narrative review synthesizes current scientific literature on periodontal disease pathogenesis, focusing on key pathogens (e.g., Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum) and their roles in driving local and systemic inflammation via virulence factors and microbial dysbiosis. It examines biomarker-based diagnostic approaches (e.g., IL-1β, TNF-α, microbial DNA) in saliva, blood, and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and evaluates current and emerging diagnostic tools (e.g., ELISA, PCR, lateral flow assays, biosensors, microfluidics).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The review highlights that periodontal pathogens contribute to systemic disease through complex mechanisms including persistent inflammation (driven by cytokines like IL-1β, TNF-α), endotoxemia (via LPS, noting pathogen-specific structural variations impacting immune response), molecular mimicry, and immune modulation. Current diagnostic methods provide valuable information but often face limitations in speed, portability, and multiplexing capability needed for comprehensive point-of-care assessment. Emerging technologies, particularly multiplex platforms integrating biosensors or microfluidics, demonstrate significant potential for rapid, user-friendly analysis of multiple biomarkers, facilitating earlier detection and personalized risk stratification, especially in high-risk populations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Periodontal diseases significantly impact systemic health via intricate microbial and inflammatory pathways. The complexity of these interactions necessitates moving beyond conventional diagnostics towards integrated, advanced technologies. Implementing rapid, multiplex biomarker detection platforms within a multidisciplinary healthcare framework holds the potential to revolutionize early detection of linked conditions, improve personalized management strategies, and ultimately reduce the systemic burden of periodontal disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":13600,"journal":{"name":"Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144141858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid diagnosis of acute pediatric respiratory infections with Point-of-Care and multiplex molecular testing.","authors":"Jane M Caldwell, Claudia Mily Espinosa, Ritu Banerjee, Joseph B Domachowske","doi":"10.1007/s15010-025-02553-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s15010-025-02553-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute infections of the respiratory tract are very common in pediatric patients, with an estimated global incidence of 17.2 billion cases in 2019. Accurate and timely diagnosis and treatment of acute respiratory infections can prevent progression to more serious pathologies, especially in the young, elderly, immunocompromised, and other high-risk groups. Due to the significant increase in the number of multiplex molecular tests available, there are now many diagnostic options which generate results within minutes or hours, many of which can be performed at point-of-care or near-patient rather than being sent out to a centralized laboratory. Rapid molecular single- or multiplex testing conducted at point-of-care or near-patient offers the potential to improve timely and accurate diagnosis, decrease inappropriate antibiotic use, decrease reliance on chest radiographs, improve timely antiviral administration, reduce the length of hospital stay, reduce the number of clinical visits, and, ultimately, improve patient outcomes. Optimal use of user-friendly multiplex molecular panels also has the potential to improve regional and global disease surveillance and to fill gaps that exist in our understanding of the epidemiology of respiratory infections. These potential benefits, however, come with limitations. For example, use of multiplex PCR assays is not always a cost effective approach. Despite their potential, there are clinical and/or laboratory circumstances where their use becomes cost prohibitive. Another recognized limitation of multiplex PCR assays is that the pathogen detected may not be the cause of a patient's current symptom complex. Such false positive results may occur because the assays are designed to detect pathogen-specific nucleic acid (which may be residual from a prior illness), rather than replication competent pathogens, or because some pathogens can be present without causing symptomatic infection. Further study is needed to determine optimal use of these tests across different patient groups and settings. Incorporating recommendations for best practice use of multiplex molecular assays into clinical guidelines helps offer a framework for their most appropriate use in the diagnosis of pediatric acute respiratory infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":13600,"journal":{"name":"Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micro- and nanoplastics reduce the phagocytosis and intracellular killing of E. coli by THP1-Blue™ NFκB monocytes.","authors":"Florian Edbauer, Hans-Christoph Ludwig, Marie Julia Moritz, Roland Nau, Jana Seele","doi":"10.1007/s15010-025-02565-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s15010-025-02565-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Micro- and nanoplastic particles occur ubiquitously in the environment and have been detected in various organs in animals and humans. We studied, how micro- and nanoplastic influence phagocytosis and intracellular killing of live bacteria in human monocytes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cells of the human reporter cell line THP1-Blue™ NFκB were pre-treated with different concentrations of micro- and nanoplastic (diameter 1 μm and 100 nm) and then incubated with Escherichia coli DH5α. Phagocytosis and intracellular killing was studied using an antibiotic protection assay. The activation of the NFκB promoter was quantified by measuring the production of alkaline phosphatase. Cytokines were measured by enzyme immunoassay. Cell viability was determined by trypan blue staining and lactate dehydrogenase measurement. Electron microscopic images were taken to localize micro- and nanoplastic.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Micro- and nanoplastic particles were rapidly internalized by monocytes. They reduced phagocytosis of E. coli in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Exposure to micro- and nanoplastic also reduced the intracellular killing of bacteria in a concentration-dependent manner. Plain plastic particles did not induce NFκB synthesis and IL1β and IL6 release. At concentrations inhibiting phagocytosis, micro- and nanoplastic was not cytotoxic. Endotoxin stimulated phagocytosis of bacteria. High concentrations of plastic particles reduced the stimulatory effect of endotoxin on phagocytosis of bacteria, but not the effect on NFκB synthesis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Exposure to micro- and nanoplastic reduced the ability of phagocytes to internalize and kill bacteria. High plastic concentrations decreased the endotoxin-stimulated phagocytosis of bacteria. Hence, exposure to plastic particles may reduce the host`s immune defence against bacterial pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":13600,"journal":{"name":"Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}