Infection最新文献

{"title":"Bacterial vaginosis associated with high rates of sexually transmitted infections among South African adolescent girls and young women.","authors":"Zizipho Z A Mbulawa, Sikhumbuzo A Mabunda","doi":"10.1007/s15010-025-02649-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s15010-025-02649-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is associated with sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and it is highly prevalent among sub-Saharan African women. This study investigated the bacterial vaginosis (BV) prevalence, its effect on human papillomavirus (HPV), Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoea, Trachomonas vaginalis, Mycoplasma genitalium and herpes simplex virus 1/2 (HSV1/2) prevalence and associated factors among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) of Eastern Cape province, South Africa.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 212 participants were retrospectively recruited from an HPV educational intervention study in Eastern Cape province. This study used secondary data on BV, HPV, C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoea, T. vaginalis, M. genitalium and HSV1/2 and questionnaires. Associations between STIs, BV and other factors were assessed using GraphPad Prism version 8.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A proportion of 83.0% (176/212) AGYW were infected with ≥ 1 STI(s), and 44.3% (94/212) had BV. BV-negatives had a significantly lower prevalence of having 3-4 STIs than BV-positives (Prevalence Ratio (PR): 0.22, 95% CI: 0.08-0.57, p = 0.001). Compared to BV-negative with a significant amount of Lactobacillus species, BV-positive AGYW were more likely to have C. trachomatis (PR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.0-3.2, p = 0.028); T. vaginalis (PR: 8.3, 95% CI: 1.1-62.3, p = 0.011) and vaginal discharge or itching (PR: 2.4, 95% CI: 1.2-4.8, p = 0.013). Smoking (PR: 1.6, 95% CI: 1.1-2.4, p = 0.008), having two lifetime partners (PR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.2-3.1, p = 0.006), three lifetime partners (PR: 2.6, 95% CI: 1.3-5.2, p = 0.007) and new sexual partners past three-month (PR: 1.8, 1.2-2.7, p = 0.005) were the associated factors of BV.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The bacterial vaginosis increased the risk of STIs and coinfection among AGYW. The presence and high amount of Lactobacillus species were associated with decreased risk of STIs. These findings indicate the urgent need to enhance BV and STI prevention, detection and management among AGYW.</p>","PeriodicalId":13600,"journal":{"name":"Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145137339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Horizontal transfer of ΦHKU.vir and its role in the evolution of acapsular emm89 group A Streptococcus in Taiwan.","authors":"Chuan Chiang-Ni, Chien-Chung Lee, Chia-Yu Chi, Mu-Chin Lin, Yang-Chin Hsu, Meng-Hsuan Pan, Chih-Yun Hsu, Cheng-Hsun Chiu","doi":"10.1007/s15010-025-02646-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s15010-025-02646-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The global resurgence of scarlet fever and invasive group A Streptococcus (GAS) infections has been noted over the past decade. In East Asia, specifically in Hong Kong and China, emm12 isolates that acquired prophage ΦHKU.vir, which carried SSA, SpeC, and Spd1 exotoxins, were over-presented in scarlet fever cases. The prevalence of ssa-positive emm12 isolates was increased significantly in Taiwan; however, it remains unclear whether this increase is mediated by the horizontal transfer of ΦHKU.vir homologs or the expansion of Hong Kong scarlet fever-associated emm12 isolates.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This study included 240 non-emm1 isolates in Taiwan during 2009-2023. The genome and prophage sequences of clinical isolates were analyzed by whole genome sequencing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prophages carried ssa, speC, and spd1 in Taiwan emm12 isolates shared high nucleotide sequence identity with ΦHKU.vir. All analyzed emm12 isolates in Taiwan were phylogenetically closely related to Hong Kong emm12 isolates, suggesting that Taiwan ssa-positive emm12 isolates shared a common origin with those from Hong Kong. This study further identified ΦHKU.vir homologs in emm90 and acapsular emm89 isolates. Although the acquisition of ΦHKU.vir is related to the expansion of emm12 isolates in Hong Kong, this study suggests that the prophage exotoxin SSA did not have significant roles in enhancing bacterial cytotoxicity and intracelluar survival of the acapsular emm89 strains.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The acquisition of prophages is important for the evolution of GAS. Monitoring the expansion of ΦHKU.vir in non-emm1/emm12 isolates is essential, as studying its impact on GAS pathogenicity will help in preventing and controlling GAS infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":13600,"journal":{"name":"Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145137366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and long COVID risk in patients with depression: a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Zhenxiang Gao, Tomasz Tabernacki, Pamela B Davis, David C Kaelber, Rong Xu","doi":"10.1007/s15010-025-02648-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s15010-025-02648-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the potential of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in reducing the risk of long COVID in patients with depression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study analyzed U.S. electronic health records from TriNetX platform to compare the risk of long COVID among adults with depression who were prescribed SSRIs versus non-SSRI antidepressants between March 2020 and December 2022. The main outcome was the long COVID diagnosis. As a sensitivity analysis, CDC-defined long COVID symptoms were used as alternative outcomes. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess outcomes occurring 3-6 and 3-12 months after the index SARS-CoV-2 infection, with hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After propensity score matching, the study included 31,264 patients, and the risk of long COVID diagnosis was significantly lower in the SSRI cohort compared to the matched non-SSRI antidepressant cohort, with hazard ratios of 0.57 (95% CI: 0.44-0.73) for the 3-6-month period and 0.59 (95% CI: 0.49-0.72) for the 3-12-month period. Sensitivity analyses in matched cohorts of 17,100 patients showed that SSRI use was associated with a significantly reduced risk of long COVID symptoms, consistent across symptom categories and pandemic periods.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In adult patients with depression, SSRIs compared with non-SSRI antidepressants were associated with a lower risk of long COVID. These results offer preliminary evidence that SSRIs may help prevent long COVID in high‑risk populations and warrant further preclinical and clinical investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":13600,"journal":{"name":"Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145137365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics, incidence and outcome of polymicrobial bloodstream infections: a nationwide population-based study, Finland, 2004-2018.","authors":"Keiju S K Kontula, Kirsi Skogberg, Jukka Ollgren, Asko Järvinen, Outi Lyytikäinen","doi":"10.1007/s15010-025-02642-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s15010-025-02642-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Bloodstream infections (BSI) are associated with high mortality. Previous studies have reported worse outcome for polymicrobial than for monomicrobial BSIs. We analyzed patient characteristics and temporal trends of the incidence and outcome of polymicrobial BSIs in Finland during 2004-2018.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used data from national registries to identify polymicrobial BSIs during 2004-2018 and to determine origin of infection, patients' comorbidities and death within 30 days. Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) was calculated according to ICD-10 diagnose codes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 173,715 BSIs were identified; 11,347 (6.5%) were polymicrobial. Compared with monomicrobial BSIs, the proportion of males, healthcare-associated BSIs, and patients with high CCI were greater in polymicrobial BSIs (58.5% vs. 51.5%, 34.7% vs. 28.7%, and 24.9% vs. 21.1%, respectively). Escherichia coli, enterococci, coagulase-negative staphylococci, and Klebsiella sp. were the most common pathogens of polymicrobial BSIs. Anaerobic bacteria were noted in 16.3% of polymicrobial BSIs, compared with 4.3% of monomicrobial BSIs. The annual polymicrobial BSI incidence rose from 9.7 to 21.8/100,000 population during 2004-2018, most sharply among patients aged ≥ 90 years. The 30-day case fatality of polymicrobial BSIs was 20.6%, significantly higher than in monomicrobial BSIs (12.4%), and a decline from 25.2 to 20.8% was observed over time.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Polymicrobial BSI incidence increased twofold during 2004-2018. The case fatality was considerably higher in polymicrobial than in monomicrobial episodes, likely related to patients' older age and more severe comorbidity. Our findings emphasize the need for prompt recognition of patients at risk to guide the choice of empiric treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":13600,"journal":{"name":"Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145137313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hospital-acquired pneumonia caused by multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 15A.","authors":"Hidemasa Akazawa, Shinnosuke Fukushima, Kenta Nakamoto, Kohei Oguni, Madoka Shimbe, Bin Chang, Yukihiro Akeda, Hideharu Hagiya","doi":"10.1007/s15010-025-02652-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s15010-025-02652-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Streptococcus pneumoniae remains a common cause of community-acquired pneumonia but is an infrequent pathogen in hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP). Non-vaccine serotypes of multidrug-resistant (MDR) S. pneumoniae strains have been emerging globally, posing an increased risk of nosocomial infection.</p><p><strong>Case: </strong>A 71 year-old man developed pneumonia on postoperative day 4 following spinal fusion surgery. Despite initial treatment with ampicillin/sulbactam, his condition deteriorated, requiring ICU admission and mechanical ventilation. Microbiological testing confirmed S. pneumoniae as a causative pathogen, and ceftriaxone was empirically administered based on the local antibiogram. However, antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed resistant profiles to penicillin (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC], 8 µg/mL), ceftriaxone (MIC, 16 µg/mL), meropenem (MIC, 1 µg/mL), macrolides, and clindamycin, while demonstrating susceptibility to levofloxacin and vancomycin. The therapeutic regimen was subsequently adjusted to levofloxacin, resulting in clinical improvement. The isolate was later identified as serotype 15A, sequence type 63 (ST63).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case highlights that MDR S. pneumoniae can cause early-onset HAP and may not be covered by standard empiric therapies, emphasizing the need for careful evaluation of treatment response. Continued surveillance of infections caused by vaccine-escape clones like MDR serotype 15A is essential, given their increasing clinical relevance.</p>","PeriodicalId":13600,"journal":{"name":"Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145124444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infective endocarditis and relationship with diabetes mellitus - Patient characteristics, microbial etiology and mortality.","authors":"Andreas Dalsgaard Jensen, Lauge Østergaard, Peter Laursen Graversen, Katra Hadji-Turdeghal, Jeppe K Petersen, Peter Rossing, Christian Selmer, Jonas Agerlund Povlsen, Marianne Voldstedlund, Henning Bundgaard, Claus Moser, Emil Loldrup Fosbøl","doi":"10.1007/s15010-025-02624-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s15010-025-02624-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Infective endocarditis (IE) has been associated with severe outcomes when complicated by diabetes mellitus (DM). We aimed to report characteristics, microbial etiology, and mortality for patients with IE stratified by DM from a nationwide cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used Danish registries, and patients with first-time IE (2010-2020) were stratified by DM. We computed inverse Kaplan-Meier estimates for one-year mortality from admission. We computed multivariable adjusted Cox regression for the adjusted one-year mortality from admission and discharge.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 6,211 patients with first-time IE; 1,503 (24.2%) with DM (26.1% Type 1 DM, 68.1% male, median age 72.7 years); 4,708 (75.8%) did not have DM (67.0% male, median age 72.4 years). Patients with IE and DM had a higher proportion of chronic kidney disease (35.9% vs. 11.1%). The most predominant microorganism was Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) for patient with IE and DM (36.5%), and Streptococcus species (spp.) for those without DM (29.4%). Patients with IE and DM were associated with an increased one-year mortality from admission (41.1% [95% CI: 38.5%-43.6%] vs. 31.0% [95% CI: 29.6%-32.3%]). The adjusted mortality estimates were higher for patients with IE and DM compared to those without DM one year from admission (HR = 1.15 [95% CI: 1.04-1.27]), and one year from discharge (HR = 1.26 [95% CI: 1.09-1.46]).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients with IE and DM were associated with a higher burden of kidney disease, S. aureus as the predominant microorganism, and increased one-year mortality both from admission and discharge. These findings call for improved management of IE in patients with DM.</p>","PeriodicalId":13600,"journal":{"name":"Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145029727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacteriology, antibiotic treatment effect and adverse birth outcomes in pregnant women with and without bacteriuria: a registry study.","authors":"Jon Dissing Sund, Mathilde Sif Frydensberg Nicolaisen, Jenny Dahl Knudsen, Michael Pedersen, Emil Hofman, Nina Weis, Ellen Moseholm","doi":"10.1007/s15010-025-02631-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s15010-025-02631-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate bacteriology, antibiotic treatment and adverse birth outcomes (ABOs) in pregnancies with and without bacteriuria and urinary tract infections (UTIs) based on urine cultures and clinical diagnoses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Registry-based cohort study.</p><p><strong>Population: </strong>Pregnancies with at least one urine culture analysed at one of two hospitals in the Capital Region, Denmark, between 2015 and 2021. Data were collected from clinical and national health registries. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, and logistic regressions were applied.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Odds of ABOs (low birth weight (LBW), small for gestational age (SGA), prematurity), and the impact of antibiotic treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>74,253 pregnancies in 62,439 women with 178,599 urine cultures were included; 3,498 (4.7%) with a positive urine culture, of whom 2,786 had bacteriuria (no UTI/ASB diagnosis), 533 with a UTI diagnosis, and 179 with an ASB diagnosis, and 70,755 pregnancies without a significantly positive urine culture (comparison group). Escherichia coli (9.3%) was the most common uropathogen. Of included pregnancies, 43% received antibiotic treatments, and the average treatment timing was empirical. Bacteriuria and UTIs in pregnancy increased the odds of ABOs, and antibiotic treatment was associated with reduced odds. ASB was not associated with ABOs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Bacteriuria and UTIs in pregnancy, but not ASB, were significantly associated with ABOs and a lowering of odds of LBW when antibiotically treated. Our findings highlight the importance of pregnancy diagnostics, the consequences of bacteriuria, but also that further research on ASB is highly needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":13600,"journal":{"name":"Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145029744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors facilitating or hindering the use of antibiotic-sparing treatment strategies in women with uncomplicated urinary tract infections: a scoping review.","authors":"Andreas Plate, Stefania Di Gangi, Robin Baumann, Oliver Senn, Stefan Neuner-Jehle","doi":"10.1007/s15010-025-02635-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s15010-025-02635-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Antibiotic-sparing treatment (ASPT) strategies, such as delayed prescribing and symptomatic treatment, are promising to reduce antimicrobial consumption (AMC) in patients with uncomplicated urinary tract infections (uUTI). The aim of this scoping review was to identify literature reporting on factors that may act as barriers and facilitators to the use of ASPT in order to improve implementation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase, the Cochrane Database, Google Scholar, Proquest Dissertations and Theses, the Clinical Trials Gov Registry and the ICTRP WHO Registry were searched for evidence of health care professionals and/or patients exposed to ASPT in the context of uUTI. We included evidence published between 2000 and 2024, from high-income countries and in any language. Identified factors were grouped into themes and categorized as facilitators or barriers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 6543 unique records were screened for eligibility and 108 records were included in the review. Most evidence was from original research (n = 50, 46.3%) or reviews (n = 46, 42.6%). We identified AMC, clinical outcomes, healthcare utilisation, and patient- or prescriber-related factors as main themes. The main facilitator was the expectation of reduced AMC, while prolonged symptom duration and increased risk of disease progression were identified as main barriers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The clinical management of uUTIs is shaped by factors that can facilitate or hinder ASPT use. This scoping review identified key factors and provided a basis for future research in the area of patient-provider decision making for ASPT, with the ultimate goal to inform targeted interventions and promote wider implementation of ASPT.</p>","PeriodicalId":13600,"journal":{"name":"Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145029759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Severe viral infections requiring intensive care unit admissions- aetiology, co-infections, respiratory interventions and outcomes.","authors":"M Brown, F Abeer, T Roe, R Beecham, O Arscott, B Eastwood, S Mahar, M Montague, D Neseam, P Patel, J Srinivasa, A Greenwell, K Thomas, D Browning, E Wilson-Davies, A Conway Morris, Mpw Grocott, K Saeed, A Dushianthan","doi":"10.1007/s15010-025-02637-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s15010-025-02637-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Severe viral infections are common in patients requiring admission to intensive care units (ICU). Furthermore, these patients often have additional secondary or co-infections. Despite their prevalence, it remains uncertain to what extent those additional infections contribute to worse outcomes for patients with severe viral infections requiring ICU admission. This study aims to characterise severe viral infections requiring admission to intensive care, and describe their viral aetiology, the incidence of additional infections, and their clinical outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective single-centre cohort included consecutive adults admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with a positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for viral infection from 2015 to 2024. Patients with SARS-CoV-2 were not included in this analysis. The data were retrieved from all available electronic databases. Patients were further stratified to compare severe viral infections alone to those with other microbiology confirmed co-infection (within 48 h of admission) and secondary infection (48 h after ICU admission).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 222 with positive PCR for viral infection admitted to ICU. The majority were admitted with radiographic evidence of pneumonia (73.0%). Rhinovirus (28.4%), influenza A (18.5%), and RSV (16.2%) were the most common viral pathogens. Of the total, 149 patients had viral infection alone, 50 had co-infections, and 23 developed secondary infections. 30-day and ICU mortality were similar for viral alone, co-infection and secondary infection groups. Although those with secondary infection had a greater hospital and ICU length of stay, this was not reflected in the duration of mechanical ventilation or 30-day hospital mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In our large cohort of severe viral infections where Rhinovirus was the most common pathogen. This patient population constitute a high burden of respiratory support. The study also characterised 22.5% had co-infection, and 10% had subsequent secondary infection. While patients with secondary infections had prolonged ICU and hospital stay, the 30-day mortality was similar between all groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":13600,"journal":{"name":"Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145023234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of wind direction on the relationship between proximity to pig farms and risk of infection with MRSA CC398 among persons without known contact to livestock: a Danish nationwide population-based study.","authors":"Martin Rune Hassan Hansen, Jörg Schullehner, Steen Gyldenkærne, Øyvind Omland, Lise Marie Frohn, Torben Sigsgaard, Vivi Schlünssen","doi":"10.1007/s15010-025-02629-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s15010-025-02629-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Livestock-MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) can cause infections in persons without known contact to livestock, but the route of transmission is unclear. We investigated whether the risk of livestock-MRSA infection among persons with no known contact to livestock is associated with the number of pig farms near the home, and whether this association is affected by the upwind/downwind location of the farms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Register-based case-control study of 518 persons from Denmark with clinical infections with livestock-MRSA in 2016-2021 and no known exposure to livestock, and 4,944 matched controls. Distances and angles from home addresses to all pig farms within a distance of 25 km were calculated, and compared with the mean wind direction in the area.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean number of pig farms within 13,127 m of the home address was 3.3 [0.3; 6.3] higher for cases (60.5) than controls (57.1), with a larger difference for farms upwind than downwind. The primary analysis showed that the livestock-MRSA exposure from a downwind farm was 59% [40%; 178%] of the exposure from an upwind farm, but the difference disappeared after confounder adjustment. In a post-hoc analysis, cases were surrounded by more pig farms at 50 - 6,250 m from the home address, and in the interval 1,250-6,250 m the difference was only seen in the upwind directions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The risk of livestock-MRSA infection among persons without known livestock contact was influenced by the number of and distance to pig farms. In an exploratory post-hoc analysis, but not the main analysis, the risk was also influenced by mean wind direction.</p>","PeriodicalId":13600,"journal":{"name":"Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145023305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}