A large outbreak of multiple Salmonella serovars linked to alfalfa sprouts in Norway, October to December 2024.

IF 5.4 2区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Infection Pub Date : 2025-05-21 DOI:10.1007/s15010-025-02556-2

Arthur Rakover, Liz E Ødeskaug, Hilde Lund, Heidi Lange, Karina Kaupang, Taran O Skjerdal, Laila Jensvoll, Bjarne Bergsjø, Polina Katsiouleri, Lamprini Veneti, Umaer Naseer, Lin T Brandal

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Purpose: This study investigates a nationwide Salmonella outbreak in Norway during October-December 2024 involving four different serovars-S. Newport, S. Typhimurium, S. Kisarawe, and S. Kinondoni. The investigation aimed to assess the outbreak's scope, identify the source, and implement control measures.

Methods: Epidemiological analyses included trawling and targeted questionnaires, a matched case-control study, and grocery receipt analysis. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) determined genetic links between Salmonella isolates from human cases, food, and environmental samples. Traceback investigations identified potential contamination sources.

Results: A total of 230 cases (69% female, median age: 48 years) were identified, with 33% requiring hospitalization. Sprout consumption was reported by 69% of cases interviewed through trawling or targeted questionnaires. Grocery receipts were collected from some of the cases, and half of these had purchased sprouts. A matched case-control study found cases to be associated with consumption of sprouts (penalized adjusted odds ratio of 3.13). WGS established genetic links between clinical, food, and environmental isolates, identifying alfalfa sprouts as the outbreak source. Traceback investigations identified potential risk associated with seeds from an Italian supplier, previously associated with two Salmonella outbreaks in Norway in 2024 and multiple outbreaks across the European Union. The Italian supplier reported negative findings for Salmonella in their self-monitoring checks on seeds sent to Norway. Control measures included product withdrawal, seed batch quarantine, and public health advisories.

Conclusion: This multi-serovar outbreak highlights the public health risks associated with consumption of raw sprouts and emphasizes the need for improved detection methods and stricter regulations to prevent future outbreaks.

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2024年10月至12月，挪威爆发了与苜蓿芽有关的多种沙门氏菌血清型大爆发。

目的：本研究调查了挪威在2024年10月至12月期间爆发的一次全国性沙门氏菌疫情，涉及四种不同的血清- s。Newport， S. Typhimurium， S. Kisarawe和S. Kinondoni。调查的目的是评估疫情的范围，确定源头，并实施控制措施。方法：流行病学分析包括拖网和目标问卷调查，匹配病例对照研究和杂货收据分析。全基因组测序（WGS）确定了从人类病例、食品和环境样本分离的沙门氏菌之间的遗传联系。追溯调查确定了潜在的污染源。结果：共发现230例（69%为女性，中位年龄48岁），其中33%需要住院治疗。通过拖网调查或有针对性的问卷调查，69%的受访者报告了萌芽消费。从一些病例中收集了杂货收据，其中一半购买了豆芽。一项匹配的病例对照研究发现，病例与食用豆芽有关（惩罚校正优势比为3.13）。WGS在临床、食物和环境分离株之间建立了遗传联系，确定苜蓿芽为暴发源。追溯调查发现了与一家意大利供应商的种子相关的潜在风险，该种子曾与2024年挪威的两起沙门氏菌疫情和欧盟各地的多起疫情有关。意大利供应商在对运往挪威的种子进行自我监测检查时发现沙门氏菌呈阴性。控制措施包括产品撤回、种子批次检疫和公共卫生咨询。结论：这次多血清型暴发突出了与食用生豆芽相关的公共卫生风险，并强调需要改进检测方法和更严格的法规，以防止未来的暴发。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Infection 医学-传染病学

CiteScore

12.50

自引率

1.30%

发文量

224

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Infection is a journal dedicated to serving as a global forum for the presentation and discussion of clinically relevant information on infectious diseases. Its primary goal is to engage readers and contributors from various regions around the world in the exchange of knowledge about the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of infectious diseases, both in outpatient and inpatient settings. The journal covers a wide range of topics, including: Etiology: The study of the causes of infectious diseases. Pathogenesis: The process by which an infectious agent causes disease. Diagnosis: The methods and techniques used to identify infectious diseases. Treatment: The medical interventions and strategies employed to treat infectious diseases. Public Health: Issues of local, regional, or international significance related to infectious diseases, including prevention, control, and management strategies. Hospital Epidemiology: The study of the spread of infectious diseases within healthcare settings and the measures to prevent nosocomial infections. In addition to these, Infection also includes a specialized "Images" section, which focuses on high-quality visual content, such as images, photographs, and microscopic slides, accompanied by brief abstracts. This section is designed to highlight the clinical and diagnostic value of visual aids in the field of infectious diseases, as many conditions present with characteristic clinical signs that can be diagnosed through inspection, and imaging and microscopy are crucial for accurate diagnosis. The journal's comprehensive approach ensures that it remains a valuable resource for healthcare professionals and researchers in the field of infectious diseases.