Infection最新文献

{"title":"Malaria vaccine efficacy, safety, and community perception in Africa: a scoping review of recent empirical studies.","authors":"Muhammad Chutiyami, Priya Saravanakumar, Umar Muhammad Bello, Dauda Salihu, Khadijat Adeleye, Mustapha Adam Kolo, Kabiru Kasamu Dawa, Dathini Hamina, Pratibha Bhandari, Surajo Kamilu Sulaiman, Jenny Sim","doi":"10.1007/s15010-024-02196-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s15010-024-02196-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The review summarizes the recent empirical evidence on the efficacy, safety, and community perception of malaria vaccines in Africa.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Academic Search Complete, African Journals Online, CINAHL, Medline, PsychInfo, and two gray literature sources were searched in January 2023, and updated in June 2023. Relevant studies published from 2012 were included. Studies were screened, appraised, and synthesized in line with the review aim. Statistical results are presented as 95% Confidence Intervals and proportions/percentages.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty-six (N = 66) studies met the inclusion criteria. Of the vaccines identified, overall efficacy at 12 months was highest for the R21 vaccine (N = 3) at 77.0%, compared to the RTS,S vaccine (N = 15) at 55%. The efficacy of other vaccines was BK-SE36 (11.0-50.0%, N = 1), ChAd63/MVA ME-TRAP (- 4.7-19.4%, N = 2), FMP2.1/AS02A (7.6-9.9%, N = 1), GMZ2 (0.6-60.0%, N = 5), PfPZ (20.0-100.0%, N = 5), and PfSPZ-CVac (24.8-33.6%, N = 1). Injection site pain and fever were the most common adverse events (N = 26), while febrile convulsion (N = 8) was the most reported, vaccine-related Serious Adverse Event. Mixed perceptions of malaria vaccines were found in African communities (N = 17); awareness was generally low, ranging from 11% in Tanzania to 60% in Nigeria (N = 9), compared to willingness to accept the vaccines, which varied from 32.3% in Ethiopia to 96% in Sierra Leone (N = 15). Other issues include availability, logistics, and misconceptions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Malaria vaccines protect against malaria infection in varying degrees, with severe side effects rarely occurring. Further research is required to improve vaccine efficacy and community involvement is needed to ensure successful widespread use in African communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":13600,"journal":{"name":"Infection","volume":" ","pages":"2007-2028"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11499420/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140028005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Is antiviral treatment at the acute phase of COVID-19 effective for decreasing the risk of long-COVID? A systematic review.","authors":"César Fernández-de-Las-Peñas, Juan Torres-Macho, Jesus Alfonso Catahay, Raymart Macasaet, Jacqueline Veronica Velasco, Sharina Macapagal, Mario Caldararo, Brandon Michael Henry, Giuseppe Lippi, Ana Franco-Moreno, Kin Israel Notarte","doi":"10.1007/s15010-024-02208-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s15010-024-02208-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13600,"journal":{"name":"Infection","volume":" ","pages":"1687"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140049394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hygiene practices and antibiotic resistance among dental and medical students: a comparative study.","authors":"Maryam AlNaser, Deema AlAteeqi, Dana Daboul, Zeid Qudeimat, Maribasappa Karched, Muawia A Qudeimat","doi":"10.1007/s15010-024-02203-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s15010-024-02203-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Healthcare students' hand and smartphone hygiene is critical due to potential pathogenic and antibiotic-resistant bacteria transmission. This study evaluates hygiene practices in medical and dental students at Kuwait University, exploring antibiotic resistance gene prevalence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Swab samples were collected from the hands and smartphones of 32 medical and 30 dental students. These samples were cultured on Columbia Blood Agar and McConkey Agar plates to quantify bacterial colony-forming units (CFUs). The extracted DNA from these colonies underwent RT-PCR to identify antibiotic resistance genes, including tem-1, shv, blaZ, and mecA. Additionally, a questionnaire addressing hygiene practices was distributed post-sample collection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Medical students exhibited more frequent hand hygiene compared to dental students (P ≤ 0.0001). Although significantly fewer bacterial CFUs were found on medical students' smartphones (mean = 35 ± 53) than dental students' (mean = 89 ± 129) (P ≤ 0.05), no significant differences were observed in CFU counts on their hands (medical: mean = 17 ± 37; dental: mean = 96 ± 229). Detection of at least one of the targeted antibiotic resistance genes on medical (89% hands, 52% smartphones) and dental students' (79% hands, 63% smartphones) was not statistically significant. However, the prevalence of two genes, tem-1 and shv, was significantly higher on medical students' hands (78% and 65%, respectively) than on dental students' hands (32% and 28%, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Clinically significant prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes were found on medical and dental students' hands and smartphones, emphasizing the importance of ongoing education regarding hand hygiene and smartphone disinfection. This continuous reinforcement in the curriculum is crucial to minimizing the risk of cross-contamination.</p>","PeriodicalId":13600,"journal":{"name":"Infection","volume":" ","pages":"1763-1773"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140184357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuberculosis case fatality is higher in male than female patients in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Stephanie Pape, Sudip Jung Karki, Torben Heinsohn, Iris Brandes, Marie-Luise Dierks, Berit Lange","doi":"10.1007/s15010-024-02206-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s15010-024-02206-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Epidemiological TB data indicate differences in infection prevalence, progression rates, and clinical disease incidence between sexes. In contrast, evidence on sex-specific differential (post) TB case fatality in Europe has not been synthesized systematically.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched electronic databases and grey literature up to December 2020 for studies reporting sex-stratified TB death data for Europe. The JBI critical appraisal tools served for bias risk assessment and subgroup analyses for studying heterogeneity. Random-effects models meta-analyses enabled estimating pooled relative risks of sex-associated TB fatality. Considering associations of comorbidities and risk factors on fatality differences, we applied relative risk meta-regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on 17,400 records screened, 117 studies entered quantitative analyses. Seventy-five studies providing absolute participant data with moderate quality and limited sex stratification reported 33 to 235,000 TB cases and 7 to 27,108 deaths. The pooled male-to-female TB fatality risk ratio was 1.4 [1.3-1.5]. Heterogeneity was high between studies and subgroups. Study time, concurrent comorbidities (e.g., HIV, diabetes, cancers), and mean participant ages showed no effect modification. We identified higher male TB fatality in studies with higher homelessness (coefficient 3.18, 95% CI [-0.59 to 6.94], p-value 0.10) and lower migrants proportion (coefficient - 0.24, 95% CI [- 0.5 to 0.04], p-value 0.09).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We found 30-50% higher TB case fatality for males in Europe. Except for homelessness, migration, and a trend for some comorbidities, assessing effect modification could not reduce our meta-analysis' high heterogeneity. Public health authorities should take heed of this higher risk of dying in male patients' treatment services.</p>","PeriodicalId":13600,"journal":{"name":"Infection","volume":" ","pages":"1775-1786"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11499538/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140193694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence of invasive infections with Group B streptococcus in adults in Norway 1996-2019: a nationwide registry-based case-control study.","authors":"Elise Uggen, Camilla Olaisen, Randi Valsø Lyng, Gunnar Skov Simonsen, Roar Magne Bævre-Jensen, Frode Width Gran, Bjørn Olav Åsvold, Tom Ivar Lund Nilsen, Jan Kristian Damås, Jan Egil Afset","doi":"10.1007/s15010-024-02210-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s15010-024-02210-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Group B streptococcus (GBS) colonizes the gastrointestinal and vaginal mucosa in healthy adults, but has also become an increasing cause of invasive infection. The aims of this study were to describe the incidence and factors associated with the occurrence of invasive GBS disease in adults in Norway.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a nationwide retrospective case-control study of invasive GBS infections during 1996-2019, with two control groups; invasive Group A streptococcal disease (GAS) to control for changes in surveillance and diagnostics, and a second representing the general population.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 3710 GBS episodes were identified. The age-standardized incidence rate increased steadily from 1.10 (95% CI 0.80-1.50) in 1996 to 6.70 (95% CI 5.90-7.50) per 100,000 person-years in 2019. The incidence rate had an average annual increase of 6.44% (95% CI 5.12-7.78). Incidence rates of GAS varied considerably, and there was no evidence of a consistent change over the study period. GBS incidence was highest among adults > 60 years of age. Cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes were the most common comorbid conditions. There was a shift in the distribution of capsular serotypes from three dominant types to more equal distribution among the six most common serotypes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The incidence of invasive GBS disease in adults increased significantly from 1996 to 2019. The increasing age of the population with accompanying underlying comorbid conditions might contribute to the increasing burden of invasive GBS disease. Interestingly, type 1 diabetes was also associated with the occurrence of invasive GBS disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":13600,"journal":{"name":"Infection","volume":" ","pages":"1745-1752"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11499455/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140131361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ceftazidime-avibactam combination therapy versus monotherapy for treating carbapenem-resistant gram-negative infection: a systemic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Wei Hsu, Min-Hsiang Chuang, Wen-Wen Tsai, Chih-Cheng Lai, Hsin-Yu Lai, Hung-Jen Tang","doi":"10.1007/s15010-024-02277-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s15010-024-02277-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This meta-analysis was conducted to compare the efficacy of ceftazidime-avibactam combination therapy with that of monotherapy in the treatment of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacterial (CR-GNB).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A literature search of PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov was conducted until September 1, 2023. Only studies that compared CZA combination therapy with monotherapy for CR-GNB infections were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 25 studies (23 retrospective observational studies and 2 prospective studies) involving 2676 patients were included. There was no significant difference in 30-day mortality between the study group receiving combination therapy and the control group receiving monotherapy (risk ratio [RR] 0.91; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.71-1.18). In addition, no significant differences were observed between the study and the control group in terms of in-hospital mortality (RR 1.00; 95% CI 0.79-1.27), 14-day mortality (RR 1.54; 95% CI 0.24-9.91), 90-day mortality (RR 1.18; 95% CI 0.62-2.22), and clinical cure rate (RR 0.95; 95% CI 0.84-1.08). However, the combination group had a borderline higher microbiological eradication rate than the control group (RR 1.15; 95% CI 1.00-1.32).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Compared to monotherapy, CZA combination therapy did not yield additional clinical benefits. However, combination therapy may be associated with favorable microbiological outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":13600,"journal":{"name":"Infection","volume":" ","pages":"2029-2042"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140912150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The roles of the kynurenine pathway in COVID-19 neuropathogenesis.","authors":"Mona Dehhaghi, Mostafa Heydari, Hamed Kazemi Shariat Panahi, Sharon R Lewin, Benjamin Heng, Bruce J Brew, Gilles J Guillemin","doi":"10.1007/s15010-024-02293-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s15010-024-02293-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the highly contagious respiratory disease Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) that may lead to various neurological and psychological disorders that can be acute, lasting days to weeks or months and possibly longer. The latter is known as long-COVID or more recently post-acute sequelae of COVID (PASC). During acute COVID-19 infection, a strong inflammatory response, known as the cytokine storm, occurs in some patients. The levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interferon-β (IFN-β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) are particularly increased. These cytokines are known to activate the enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO-1), catalysing the first step of tryptophan (Trp) catabolism through the kynurenine pathway (KP) leading to the production of several neurotoxic and immunosuppressive metabolites. There is already data showing elevation in KP metabolites both acutely and in PASC, especially regarding cognitive impairment. Thus, it is likely that KP involvement is significant in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis especially neurologically.</p>","PeriodicalId":13600,"journal":{"name":"Infection","volume":" ","pages":"2043-2059"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11499433/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141159370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-tuberculosis treatment paradoxical reactions.","authors":"Sabine M Hermans, Onno W Akkerman, Graeme Meintjes, Martin P Grobusch","doi":"10.1007/s15010-024-02310-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s15010-024-02310-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Paradoxical reactions (PR) to tuberculosis (TB) treatment are common during treatment, but have also been described after treatment. A presentation with recurrent signs or symptoms of TB after cure or completion of prior treatment needs to be differentiated between microbiological relapse and a paradoxical reaction. We searched all published literature on post-treatment PR, and present a synthesis of 30 studies, focusing on the epidemiology, diagnosis and management of this phenomenon. We report an additional case vignette. The majority of studies were of lymph node TB (LN-TB), followed by central nervous system TB (CNS-TB). A total of 112 confirmed and 42 possible post-treatment PR cases were reported. The incidence ranged between 3 and 14% in LN-TB and was more frequent than relapses, and between 0 and 2% in all TB. We found four reports of pulmonary or pleural TB post-treatment PR cases. The incidence did not differ by length of treatment, but was associated with younger age at initial diagnosis, and having had a PR (later) during treatment. Post-treatment PR developed mainly within the first 6 months after the end of TB treatment but has been reported many years later (longest report 10 years). The mainstays of diagnosis and management are negative mycobacterial cultures and anti-inflammatory treatment, respectively. Due to the favourable prognosis in LN-TB recurrent symptoms, a short period of observation is warranted to assess for spontaneous regression. In CNS-TB with recurrent symptoms, immediate investigation and anti-inflammatory treatment with the possibility of TB retreatment should be undertaken.</p>","PeriodicalId":13600,"journal":{"name":"Infection","volume":" ","pages":"2083-2095"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11499416/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141491774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction Note: Comparison of Topical 0.3% Ofloxacin to Fortified Tobramycin - Cefazolin in the Therapy of Bacterial Keratitis.","authors":"S Khokhar, N Sindhu, B R Mirdha","doi":"10.1007/s15010-024-02212-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s15010-024-02212-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13600,"journal":{"name":"Infection","volume":" ","pages":"2005"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139740981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"'Lesion on the back of the hand in a hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipient'.","authors":"Miguel Mansilla-Polo, Daniel Martín-Torregrosa, Sara Becerril-Andrés, Rafael Botella-Estrada","doi":"10.1007/s15010-024-02214-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s15010-024-02214-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13600,"journal":{"name":"Infection","volume":" ","pages":"1705-1706"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140131362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}