Infection最新文献

{"title":"Prophylactic vs preemptive strategy for the prevention of CMV disease in solid organ transplant recipients: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","authors":"Niv Reiss-Gindi, Tomer Hoffman, Tanya Ruderman, Alaa Atamna, Ili Margalit, Dafna Yahav","doi":"10.1007/s15010-024-02441-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s15010-024-02441-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality among solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. Strategies for CMV prevention include universal prophylaxis or preemptive approach. We aimed to evaluate the optimal approach.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing prophylaxis versus preemptive therapy for CMV in SOT. The primary outcome was CMV disease. Subgroup analysis of outcomes in D+ R- patients was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nine trials have met inclusion criteria, five of them included kidney transplant recipients, all compared val/ganciclovir universal prophylaxis versus preemptive approach. Universal prophylaxis resulted in lower probability of CMV infection (relative risk [RR] 0.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.33-0.58), yet the impact on CMV disease was insignificant (RR 0.54, 95% CI 0.24-1.23), in neither SOT recipients in general nor among D+R- subgroup (RR 0.93, 95% CI 0.37-2.32). Late-onset CMV disease rates were lower with preemptive approach. Sensitivity analysis according to allocation concealment and blinding showed similar results for CMV disease. No significant differences were demonstrated for the outcomes of mortality, bacterial or fungal infection or graft related outcomes. Acute kidney injury was significantly more common with prophylaxis (RR 1.79, 95% CI 1.12-2.89).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Preemptive approach is a reasonable approach for CMV prevention in SOT recipients, if feasible. Strategies for combining the preemptive with prophylaxis strategies, as well as immune monitoring, should be investigated.</p>","PeriodicalId":13600,"journal":{"name":"Infection","volume":" ","pages":"1091-1099"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12137393/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142687005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kidney involvement in leptospirosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Astha Sethi, Tirlangi Praveen Kumar, Kutty Sharada Vinod, Carl Boodman, Rachana Bhat, Prithvishree Ravindra, Souvik Chaudhuri, Seema Shetty, V Shashidhar, Attur Ravindra Prabhu, Nitin Gupta","doi":"10.1007/s15010-025-02492-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s15010-025-02492-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>From a public health perspective, it is essential to understand the burden of kidney involvement in leptospirosis. We aimed to assess the frequency of acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with leptospirosis.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This systematic review and meta-analysis included all articles up to 14.08.2024 from three databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science) using search terms related to leptospirosis and kidney involvement. After de-duplication, two independent reviewers independently checked the articles in two phases (title-abstract and full-text), and a third reviewer adjudicated any conflicts. Patient demographics, diagnostic procedures, and details of kidney involvement were extracted from the included studies. Risk of bias analysis was done using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool. A random effects model estimated the pooled rates for AKI, oliguria, and the need for dialysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 5913 retrieved articles, 48 met the eligibility criteria. The pooled incidence of AKI, reduced urine output, and dialysis requirement was 49.2% (95%CI: 38.2-60.2%, I² of 99.4%), 31.5% (95%CI: 24.2-38.7%, I²-96.1%) and 14.4% (95%CI: 10.3-18.4%, I²-97%) respectively. The pooled mean serum creatinine and urea levels at admission were 3.6 mg/dl (95% CI: 2.9-4.2, I²-99.1%) and 131.8 mg/dl (95% CI: 98.7-164.9, I²-98.6%), respectively. In four studies, the incidence of new-onset CKD after leptospirosis infection varied from 13 to 62%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>AKI reduced urine output and the requirement for dialysis are frequent complications in patients with leptospirosis. Increased resources for their management in endemic areas are essential to mitigate the burden.</p>","PeriodicalId":13600,"journal":{"name":"Infection","volume":" ","pages":"785-796"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12137426/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into dysregulated innate immunity in the pathogenesis of COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis.","authors":"Hanxue Xiang, Ling Zhang, Miaotian Cai, Yulin Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s15010-025-02495-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s15010-025-02495-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) is a severe complication arising from the co-infection of viral and fungal pathogens in the lungs, with its incidence notably increasing. Although significant progress has been made in elucidating the pathogenesis of CAPA in recent years, the precise pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this condition remain only partially understood. Current evidence indicates that CAPA primarily results from dysregulation of innate antifungal immune responses. Key contributing factors include epithelial barrier dysfunction, impaired phagocytic activity against fungi, aberrant expression of antimicrobial peptides, immunologic tolerance, and lung dysbiosis, all of which collectively weaken host defense mechanisms. Concurrently, excessive pro-inflammatory responses-driven by cytokine storms and oxidative stress associated with antiviral immunity-further exacerbate lung injury in COVID-19 patients, creating a detrimental feedback loop that impairs immune function and heightens susceptibility to CAPA. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent advances in understanding the role of dysregulated innate immunity in the pathogenesis of CAPA. These insights may inform clinical management strategies and improve outcomes for patients suffering CAPA.</p>","PeriodicalId":13600,"journal":{"name":"Infection","volume":" ","pages":"797-807"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143597170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 related in-hospital mortality, ICU admission and mechanical ventilation of 1.4 million patients in Germany and Switzerland, 2019 to 2022.","authors":"Cathrin Kodde, Sven Hohenstein, Irit Nachtigall, Yvonne Cavalli, Reto Schuepbach, Raphael Graf, Andreas Bollmann, Ralf Kuhlen","doi":"10.1007/s15010-024-02412-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s15010-024-02412-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>In the 2020 emergence of SARS-CoV-2, global response lacked unified treatment and surveillance, resulting in diverse impacts due to varied healthcare resources and national guidelines. Germany and Switzerland curbed the virus initially by promptly tracking and testing, bolstered by strong governmental capacity. This study aimed to assess country-specific healthcare disparities and their impact on ICU admission rates, mechanical ventilation, and in-hospital mortality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To enhance healthcare quality using real-world data, the \"Initiative of Quality Medicine\" (IQM) was established. Pseudonymised routine data from participating hospitals, during 01/01/2019-31/12/2022, was retrospectively analysed, focusing on patients with SARI ± SARS-CoV-2-infection (U07.1). Cohorts were matched based on various factors and multivariable analyses included logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>1.421.922 cases of SARI ± U07.1 involving 386 German and 41 Swiss hospitals were included. Patients in Germany were older (mean: 69.4 vs. 66.5 years) and had more comorbidities than in Switzerland (p < .001). Patients in Germany were also more likely to be treated on ICU (28% vs. 20%, OR 1.5 95% CI 1.5-1.6, p < .001) and mechanically ventilated (20% vs. 15%, OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.4-1.5, p < .001). The in-hospital mortality was significantly higher in Germany than in Switzerland (21% vs. 12%, OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.9-2.0, p < .001). Matched cohorts showed reduced differences, but Germany still exhibited higher in-hospital mortality. Discrepancies were evident in both pre-pandemic and pandemic analyses, highlighting existing disparities between both countries.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>IQM data from Swiss and German hospitals reveals country-specific differences in SARI ± U07.1 outcomes, highlighting higher in-hospital mortality in Germany, with uncertain causes suggesting varied treatments and resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":13600,"journal":{"name":"Infection","volume":" ","pages":"981-989"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12137422/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142464322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bibliometrics analysis and knowledge mapping of pertussis vaccine research: trends from 1994 to 2023.","authors":"Caixia Tan, Yuanyuan Xiao, Siyao Chen, Ting Liu, Juan Zhou, Sisi Zhang, Yiran Hu, Jingxiang Zhou, Zhongyan She, Biyue Tian, Anhua Wu, Chunhui Li","doi":"10.1007/s15010-024-02414-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s15010-024-02414-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aims to use bibliometric methods to explore the evolving landscape, hotspots, and emerging frontiers of pertussis vaccine research, providing deeper insights into the current research landscape and guiding future vaccine development efforts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a comprehensive search of the Web of Science Core Collection database (WoSCC) from January 1, 1994, to December 31, 2023, employing search terms related to vaccination (vacc* or immun*) and pertussis (pertussis, Whooping Cough, Bordetella pertussis, B. pertussis, Bordetella pertussis infection, or B. pertussis infection) in the Title or Author keywords fields. Bibliometrics analysis of pertussis research was performed utilizing the bibliometrix-biblioshiny package in RStudio, alongside CiteSpace and VOSviewer software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 2,623 records were analyzed, comprising 89.63% (n = 2,351) original research articles and 10.37% (n = 272) review articles. The study revealed that academic research on the pertussis vaccine was growing at a rate of 4.64% per year. The United States and Canada lead in the number of publications. GlaxoSmithKline and the Centers for Disease Control & Prevention- United States emerged as leading institutions, with Halperin SA and Locht C as the most active authors. Vaccine was the most influential journal. Most studies focused on vaccine effectiveness duration, vaccination schedules for high-risk groups, and people's attitudes toward vaccination.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our analysis showed increasing interest of researchers in pertussis literature, yet current research mainly emphasized expanding vaccine coverage and optimizing strategies, neglecting new vaccine development. This emphasized the need for prioritizing novel pertussis vaccines to tackle the resurgence challenge.</p>","PeriodicalId":13600,"journal":{"name":"Infection","volume":" ","pages":"1001-1012"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12137378/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142464321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacteremic nosocomial pneumonia caused by Gram-negative bacilli: results from the nationwide ALARICO study in Italy.","authors":"Giusy Tiseo, Valentina Galfo, Sergio Carbonara, Andrea Marino, Giovanni Di Caprio, Anna Carretta, Alessandra Mularoni, Michele Fabiano Mariani, Alberto Enrico Maraolo, Riccardo Scotto, Lidia Dalfino, Lorenzo Corbo, Margherita Macera, Alice Annalisa Medaglia, Maria Luca d'Errico, Claudia Gioè, Christian Sgroi, Rosa Fontana Del Vecchio, Giancarlo Ceccarelli, Antonio Albanese, Calogero Buscemi, Simona Talamanca, Giuseppe Foti, Giulio De Stefano, Antonina Franco, Carmelo Iacobello, Salvatore Corrao, Domenico Morana, Filippo Pieralli, Ivan Gentile, Teresa Santantonio, Antonio Cascio, Nicola Coppola, Bruno Cacopardo, Mario Venditti, Francesco Menichetti, Marco Falcone","doi":"10.1007/s15010-024-02423-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s15010-024-02423-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with nosocomial pneumonia (NP) caused by carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (CR-GNB) and to compare them to patients with NP caused by carbapenem-susceptible (CS)-GNB.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Prospective observational multicenter study including patients with bacteremic NP caused by GNB from the ALARICO Network (June 2018-January 2020). The primary outcome measure was 30-day mortality. A Cox regression analysis was performed to identify factors independently associated with 30-day mortality. Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 167 patients with GNB NP were included: 101 with bacteremic NP caused by CR-GNB (n = 39 by KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae, n = 29 by carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, n = 28 by carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, n = 5 by MBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae) and 66 cases of bacteremic CS-GNB NP. Thirty-day mortality rate was higher in patients with NP caused by CR-GNB compared to those with NPcaused by CS-GNB (46.5% vs 30.3%, p = 0.036). On multivariable analysis, age (HR 1.044, 95% CI 1.021-1.067, p < 0.001), hematological malignancy (HR 4.307, 95% CI 1.924-9.643, p < 0.001) and septic shock (HR 3.668, 95% CI 2.001-6.724, p < 0.001) were factors independently associated with 30-day mortality, while the receipt of adequate antibiotic therapy within 24 h from infection onset (HR 0.495, 95% CI 0.252-0.969, p = 0.04) was a protective factor. Carbapenem resistance was not associated with increased risk of mortality (HR 1.075, 95% CI 0.539-2.142, p = 0.837).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patients with bacteremic NP caused by CR-GNB have high mortality rate. Strategies to reduce the time from infection to the administration of adequate antibiotic therapy should be implemented in patients with NP.</p>","PeriodicalId":13600,"journal":{"name":"Infection","volume":" ","pages":"1041-1050"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142790668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex-dependent variability of isoniazid and rifampicin serum levels in patients with tuberculosis.","authors":"Raja Idris, Alexander Z Dayani, Ana M Groh, André Mohr, Julia Koepsell, Ann-Sophie Zielbauer, Eva Herrmann, Maria J G T Vehreschild, Thomas A Wichelhaus, Nils Wetzstein","doi":"10.1007/s15010-024-02424-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s15010-024-02424-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Drug-sensitive TB (DS-TB) is treated with isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide. Factors like fast-metabolizing enzymes, malabsorption, and drug interactions can influence serum drug levels. Current TB treatment guidelines recommend weight-adapted dosing without considering sex differences. This study examines drug levels of isoniazid and rifampicin in TB patients treated between 2019 and 2023 at our center focusing on sex-specific aspects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients diagnosed with TB and available serum levels of isoniazid or rifampicin between 2019 and 2023 were retrospectively identified. Serum levels were measured using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography. Patients were stratified by sex and a linear regression mixed effect model was used to assess predictors for different serum levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 281 single therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) measurements from 59 patients (28 women, 47.5%). For isoniazid, no sex-specific differences in serum drug levels were identified. On the other hand, female sex was a significant predictor of higher rifampicin plasma levels (coefficient 4.16, 95% CI 0.74-7.59, p = 0.009). Only 38.2% of rifampicin serum level measurements in male patients were within target range, the majority (40/68, 58.8%) were below range and only 2 (2.9%) TDM-levels were above range. Women displayed higher overall rifampicin serum levels than men (median 13.7 mg/l vs. 7.1 mg/l, p = 0.04), although weight adjusted doses were not significantly different (median 10.0 mg/kg vs. 9.8 mg/kg p = 0.56). Adverse effects were noted in 42.9% (42/98) of measurements in women and 29.5% (54/183) of measurements in men (p = 0.03).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Rifampicin levels were significantly lower in men compared to women, despite weight-adjusted dosing. Clinicians should consider TDM and potential sex differences when treating patients with TB.</p>","PeriodicalId":13600,"journal":{"name":"Infection","volume":" ","pages":"1051-1060"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12137477/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142619620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply to: Challenges in interpreting the role of gentamicin in treatment of invasive listeriosis: immortal timebias and confounding.","authors":"Jan P Sutter, Lorenz Kocheise, Jan Kempski, Martin Christner, Dominic Wichmann, Hans Pinnschmidt, Stefan Schmiedel, Ansgar W Lohse, Samuel Huber, Thomas Theo Brehm","doi":"10.1007/s15010-024-02417-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s15010-024-02417-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13600,"journal":{"name":"Infection","volume":" ","pages":"1249-1250"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12137517/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142710093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical features and immune memory of breakthrough infection in children after age-appropriate 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccination in Taiwan.","authors":"Chih-Ho Chen, Mei-Hua Hsu, Mei-Chen Ou-Yang, Chen-Ting Yin, Hsin-Chieh Li, Lin-Hui Su, Shu-Shen Cheng, Cheng-Hsun Chiu","doi":"10.1007/s15010-024-02426-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s15010-024-02426-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>As certain vaccine serotypes are still circulating within the community during the PCV13 era, we aimed to delineate the clinical features and assess the immunity following breakthrough infections in children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>101 PCVs-vaccinated children < 18 years with culture confirmed PCV13 serotype breakthrough infection (25/101, invasive pneumococcal disease [IPD]) was identified in Taiwan in 2015-2019. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody levels, IgM⁺ memory B cells (MBCs), and isotype-switched immunoglobulin (sIg⁺) MBC specific to serotypes 3, 14, 19 A were assessed prior to and one month after an additional PCV13 booster in 9 patients. A cohort of 89 previously vaccinated, healthy children were enrolled as controls.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The majority (88%) of the breakthrough infection occurred in children under 7 years old. Infection by serotypes 3 and 19 A increased in children aged 5-17 years in 2018-2019. The pre-booster serotype 3- and 19 A-specific IgG in both children with breakthrough infection and controls were lower than the IPD protective thresholds (2.83 µg/mL for 3; 1.00 µg/mL for 19 A). Breakthrough infected children showed higher geometric mean ratio in serotype-specific IgG, IgM⁺ MBCs and sIg⁺ MBC after an additional PCV13 booster, compared to the controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Most breakthrough infections occurred in previously healthy preschool-aged children, but such infections may still occur in school-aged children due to waning immunity. Breakthrough infections may also enhance the anamnestic response elicited by PCV13.</p>","PeriodicalId":13600,"journal":{"name":"Infection","volume":" ","pages":"1069-1077"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142583150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The blood biomarker combination IL-8/IL-33 and IL-18/IL-33 distinguish between active tuberculosis and latent infection.","authors":"Huimin Zhao, Zhenyan Chen, Douglas B Lowrie, Zhidong Hu, Shuihua Lu, Xiao-Yong Fan","doi":"10.1007/s15010-024-02454-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s15010-024-02454-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purposes: </strong>A leading cause of death from infectious diseases worldwide is tuberculosis (TB), and it often arises from latent infection. New diagnostic tests for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) are needed. Therefore, this study aimed to identify novel biomarker signatures in whole human blood to distinguish between active tuberculosis (ATB) and LTBI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two LEGENDplex^™ kits were used to evaluate the secretion levels of 20 cytokines triggered by ESAT-6/CFP10 antigen in whole blood of ATB, LTBI, and healthy controls, and to search for cytokine combinations utilized to distinguish between ATB and LTBI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>IL-8, IL-18, IL-33, MCP-1, MIG (baseline levels); IL-8, IL-33, IL-1β, MCP-1, MIG, IL-10, I-TAC (ESAT-6/CFP10-stimulated levels); and IL-18, IL-33, IL-1β, IL-10, TNF-α (ESAT-6/CFP10-stimulated minus baseline levels) had the potential to distinguish ATB from LTBI. Our data shows that the sensitivity and specificity of targeted IL-8 and IL-33 distinguishing between ATB and LTBI were 83.3% and 93.75%, and the diagnostic accuracy was 89.28%, and the sensitivity and specificity of targeted IL-18 and IL-33 distinguishing between ATB and LTBI were 91.67% and 81.25%, with the diagnostic accuracy was 85.71%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our data suggest that IL-8/IL-33 and IL-33/IL-18 together can be utilized as immunological markers to differentiate between LTBI and ATB. A novel TB diagnostic protocol was established, offering novel perspectives to create better tests.</p>","PeriodicalId":13600,"journal":{"name":"Infection","volume":" ","pages":"1167-1178"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143648436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}