Industrial Crops and Products最新文献

{"title":"Exogenous nitric oxide enhances waterlogging tolerance in Boehmeria nivea L. through modulating BnCAT3 expression","authors":"Shiwei Yan, Yu Chen, Aiguo Zhu, Ping Chen, Xiaofei Wang, Kunmei Chen, Jia Chen, Gang Gao, Haohan Zhao, Peng Chen, Jikang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.121967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.121967","url":null,"abstract":"Waterlogging was one of the primarily factors affecting growth and yield of crops. As a gaseous signaling molecule, nitric oxide (NO) pays important roles in stress response and has been successfully applied in various plants to improve the tolerance under waterlogging, while there was little research in ramie. To investigate the function of exogenous NO application in ramie under waterlogging, pot experiments were carried out using ramie cultivar <em>Zhongzhu NO.2</em> in this study<em>.</em> Three treatments, waterlogging stress (W), waterlogging stress with exogenous sodium nitroprusside (SNP) application (W+SNP), and control group with normal irrigation (CK), were established with both 1-year-old ramie (1 R) and 2-year-old ramie (2 R) plants. The results showed that NO application alleviated waterlogging stress in ramie significantly by decreasing the losses in plant height, leaf area, relative water content in leaf, SPAD value and net photosynthetic rate by 2.31 ∼ 3.17 %, 4.99 ∼ 5.77 %, 1.69 ∼ 2.93 %, 4.48 ∼ 9.93 % and 7.15 ∼ 9.33 %, respectively. Accumulation of NO under waterlogging with SNP spraying was observed by 1.7 ∼ 2.9 times, enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities by 6.75∼37.93 % and modulating osmoregulatory substances (decrease in soluble sugar and malondialdehyde but increase in proline), which resulted in the better performance of plant growth. Catalase (CAT) activity was highly positively correlated with NO, while molecular analysis identified three members of <em>BnCATs</em> in ramie which was up-regulated obviously with exogenous NO application under waterlogging. <em>BnCAT3</em> was detected to be a candidate gene for further study, which was significantly regulated by NO content, highly expressed in all the tissues and responding positively to waterlogging, NaCl, PEG and ABA stresses. These results provided new insight for genetic breeding and application of resistance in ramie under waterlogging.","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145189388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data-driven modeling of syngas yield from biomass pyrolysis using hybrid tree-based machine learning algorithms","authors":"DU Jia-Hao, LUO Sheng-Li, Samim Sherzod","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.121993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.121993","url":null,"abstract":"The practical realization of high syngas yield from biomass pyrolysis is complicated by the structural and compositional diversity of feedstocks and the multitude of simultaneous reactions occurring during the process. To overcome this problem, we introduce a robust data driven based methodology by implementation of hybrid tree-based algorithms namely Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM), Random Forest (RF), Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LighGBM), Categorical Boosting (CatBoost), Extra Trees (ET), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and Decision Tree (DT) to predict syngas yield based upon biomass pyrolysis processes. A total of 204 with comprehensive effective features pertinent to syngas yield, including biomass properties, operating conditions, and catalyst characteristics are gathered from published sources. Model hyperparameter optimization is conducted via strong Tree-structured Parzen Estimator (TPE) which is coupled with k-fold cross-validation algorithm to reduce overfitting and improve generalization. The findings indicated that Decision Tree and Random Forest are the best performant models based upon the evaluation metrics and graphical plots. Also, Decision Tree is found to be the top-performing hybrid model according to runtime performance. This work presents a new and effective use of tree-based machine learning models, enhanced through comparative evaluation and systematic optimization, to model syngas yield with high accuracy and interpretability. It contributes to addressing a significant research gap related to the development of reliable predictive frameworks for this complex biomass characteristic. Through the incorporation of outlier detection, sensitivity analysis, and hyperparameter tuning via optimization strategies, the study proposes a comprehensive and transferable workflow applicable to various biomass datasets.","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145188953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative chloroplast genomics unravels phylogenetic discordance in Glehnia (Apiaceae)","authors":"Mimi Li, Maolin Geng, Yifeng Zhou, Baocheng Wu, Yueqi Sun, Shiyu Hu, Pan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.121978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.121978","url":null,"abstract":"The <em>Glehnia</em> F. Schmidt ex Miq. is a monotypic genus exhibiting a trans-Pacific disjunction pattern across East Asia and western North America. It comprises <em>G. littoralis</em> F. Schmidt ex Miq., located in East Asia, and its western North American subspecies, <em>G. littoralis</em> ssp. <em>leiocarpa</em> Hultén. <em>Glehnia</em> is a traditional medicinal herb and a promising crop, with notable medicinal value and significant agronomic potential. However, the phylogenetic relationships within <em>Glehnia</em> remain unresolved. In this study, chloroplast genomes of 24 <em>Glehnia</em> individuals from diverse geographical locations were reconstructed using Illumina sequencing coupled with reference-guided <em>de novo</em> assembly. All samples displayed the typical quadripartite structure characteristic of chloroplast genomes. Genome annotation resolved 114 non-redundant functional modules, comprising four ribosomal RNA genes, 30 transfer RNA genes, and 80 protein-coding genes. The chloroplast genomes of <em>Glehnia</em> exhibited high similarity with respect to genomic architecture, gene content and arrangement, and codon usage bias. However, variations were observed in genome size, single-copy and inverted repeat boundaries, repeat sequence loci, and nucleotide variation. Chloroplast genome-based phylogenetic analysis revealed that <em>Glehnia</em> is not monophyletic. The genus can be classified into three lineages: the East Asian group, the North American cluster comprising individuals from Humboldt and Lincoln, and the second North American cluster encompassing Clatsop and Mendocino individuals. Collectively, the integration of chloroplast genome with phylogenetic analysis offers key evolutionary insights into the phylogenetic framework of <em>Glehnia</em>, as well as <em>Angelica</em> and Selineae.","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145189330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochar-loaded nano zero-valent iron from agricultural waste enhances copper immobilization during composting: Implications for safe soil amendment and crop production","authors":"Wenqing Yang, Yuanping Zhong, Zeyang Lu, Daifeng Lin, Qian Zhuo, Haifang Zeng, Deming Yang, Qinghua Chen, Zuliang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.122036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.122036","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents a novel approach for the valorization of agricultural waste by converting waste tea residues into a functional composite, biochar-loaded nano zero-valent iron (nZVI@BC), and applying it to produce a value-added and safe organic fertilizer via swine manure composting. The addition of nZVI@BC, particularly at 50 g/kg (T5), dramatically enhanced the immobilization of copper (Cu), reducing its bioavailable fraction by 43.14 % and effectively transforming it into stable forms. We identified that the release and consumption of available phosphorus (AP), mediated by the compost microbial community (e.g., Clostridia), was the dominant mechanism (89.3 % explanation), leading to the precipitation of stable copper-phosphate minerals. The resulting compost product not only exhibited significantly reduced environmental risks but also possessed optimal physicochemical properties (e.g., CEC, pH, EC) for agricultural application. This work demonstrates a sustainable strategy for the synergistic valorization of multiple agricultural wastes—tea residue and swine manure—into a high-value, safe soil amendment, contributing to the circular bio-economy in the agro-industrial sector.","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145195054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeted knockout of SmCPS4 elevates tanshinone production in Salvia miltiorrhiza","authors":"Jin Shao, Ling Li, Han Zheng, Bowen Peng, Xinyi Hu, Yi Ye, Kexuan Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.121999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.121999","url":null,"abstract":"Tanshinones are pharmaceutically active diterpenoids produced by the medicinal plant <em>Salvia miltiorrhiza</em>, possessing clinical bioactivities such as vasodilation and antiarrhythmic properties. In this study, we efficiently edited <em>SmCPS4</em>, a diterpene synthetase gene generating (<em>ent</em>-)13-epi-manoyl oxide in a competing branch of tanshinone biosynthesis. Building upon protoplast-optimized gene-editing elements, we developed an <em>Agrobacterium</em>-based transformation protocol achieving 69.4 % editing efficiency at the endogenous <em>SmPDS</em> locus. Targeted disruption of <em>SmCPS4</em> altered the accumulation patterns of four major tanshinones, as quantified by UPLC-TQMS. Among these, cryptotanshinone levels increased substantially (1.53-fold), while dihydrotanshinone rose by 1.59-fold. The total tanshinone content in the mutant lines reached 4.09 mg/g DW, representing a 1.42-fold increase compared to the control. This was accompanied by coordinated upregulation of biosynthetic genes (<em>SmHMGS</em>, <em>SmGGPPS</em>, <em>SmCYP76AH3, SmCYP71D373/375</em>) and transcriptional activators (<em>SmMYB1/9b, SmbHLH10/37, SmERF115, SmWRKY1/2, SmGRAS1/3, SmSPL7</em>, <em>SmNAC2</em>). Mechanistic investigations revealed that <em>SmCPS4</em> suppression relieves metabolic flux constraints in the tanshinone pathway while activating compensatory transcriptional networks. Our findings establish a robust framework for redirecting terpenoid metabolism in medicinal plants, providing actionable strategies for engineering high-tanshinone cultivars of <em>S. miltiorrhiza</em>.","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145189328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nematicidal activity of crude extract from Torreya grandis against root-knot nematode Meloidogyne enterolobii and preliminary insights into its mechanism","authors":"Peng Feng, Cai Xia Zhang, Xin Sen Zhang, Hui Xia Li, Kun Liu, Chen Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.121986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.121986","url":null,"abstract":"Root-knot nematodes like <em>Meloidogyne enterolobii</em> cause severe crop losses, yet chemical nematicides pose environmental and health risks. This study explored the nematicidal activity and mechanism of <em>Torreya grandis</em> crude extract. In vitro assays showed 10.00 mg/ml and 5.00 mg/ml extracts killed 100 % of J2 juveniles within 12 and 24 h, respectively, with 10.00 mg/ml strongly inhibiting egg hatching (only 4 juveniles in 10 days) and triggering the highest avoidance response (index 0.47). The LC₅₀ values decreased over time, while LT₅₀ prolonged with lower concentrations. Greenhouse trials revealed the extract reduced tomato root-knot index, with a maximum control efficacy of 30.23 %. Mechanistically, it inhibited nematode acetylcholinesterase, carboxylic acid esterase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities. These results highlight <em>T. grandis</em> crude extract as a promising eco-friendly nematicide, laying the groundwork for developing plant-derived alternatives to chemical nematicides.","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145189329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing salt tolerance in Carthamus tinctorius L. using cold plasma and melatonin: Insights from growth, biochemical, and anatomical responses","authors":"Zohreh Shirkhani, Simin Tajik Esmaeili","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.122022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.122022","url":null,"abstract":"Global climate change exposes crops to abiotic and biotic stressors, threatening growth and yield. Salinity is a significant abiotic stress, affecting crop productivity and stability. Although the individual roles of cold plasma (CP) and melatonin (MT) in enhancing stress tolerance have been studied, their synergistic effects under salinity stress remain largely unexplored, particularly in <em>Carthamus tinctorius</em> L. (safflower). This study addressed this gap by evaluating the combined application of CP and MT to improve plant resilience under saline conditions. Seeds were primed with CP (90 s), followed by foliar application of MT (100 µM), to assess their influence on plant resilience in conditions of salt stress (0, 60, and 120 mM NaCl). Salt stress markedly impaired water relations and compromised cell membrane integrity, evidenced by reduced relative water content (RWC) and increased electrolyte leakage (EL). Conversely, plants treated with a combination of CP and MT exhibited enhanced RWC and diminished EL, indicating improved cellular stability. Salinity stress resulted in elevated levels of unsaturated fatty acids, while levels of saturated fatty acids decreased significantly. In addition, salinity increased stomatal density while decreasing stomatal size. Co-application of CP and MT mitigated salt-induced damage at 120 mM NaCl by promoting increases in growth factors (approximately 25 %), stomatal length (19.04 %), and width (16.66 %). Additionally, this combined treatment enhanced chlorophyll a (23.97 %), chlorophyll b (24.8 %), total chlorophyll (25.28 %) content, total phenolics (10.57 %), and flavonoids (21.42 %), while reducing stomatal density (11.29 %) and limiting malondialdehyde accumulation by 22.98 %. These findings highlight, for the first time, the synergistic role of CP and MT in improving salinity tolerance in safflower, filling a critical knowledge gap and suggesting a promising strategy for enhancing crop resilience under saline environments.","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145195055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial-assisted upcycling of agricultural waste into dual-functional porous carbon for synergistic tetracycline decontamination and sustainable energy storage","authors":"Huiji Zhang, Linhan Chen, Weiqi Zu, Shanshan Tang, Siji Chen, Dadong Liang, Jian Li, Guang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.122014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.122014","url":null,"abstract":"Converting agricultural waste into high-value materials is a promising strategy for concurrent environmental remediation and energy storage. Herein, we report a microbial-assisted route to convert soybean straw into hierarchical porous carbon (designated M800-Zn, where M = <em>Myrothecium verrucaria</em>，800 for 800 ℃ Zn-dual-salt activation). Starting from the raw biochar (SSC, 7.66 m² g⁻¹, 0.1289 mg g⁻¹ TC uptake), fungal pre-treatment followed by dual-salt activation boosts the BET area 317-fold to 2433.97 m² g⁻¹ and the tetracycline adsorption capacity 1934-fold to 249.37 mg g⁻¹ (pH 7), surpassing most reported carbons. When assembled into a symmetric supercapacitor, M800-Zn delivered 254.5 F g⁻¹ at 0.5 A g⁻¹ and retained 93.75 % capacitance after 5000 cycles at 2 A g⁻¹. This low-energy, 800 ℃ process (about 100 ℃ lower than conventional activation) thus provides a circular-economy-compatible material that simultaneously purifies antibiotic-contaminated water and sustains high-power energy storage.","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145188956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing harvest timing in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.): Balancing oil yield, metabolic quality, and field efficiency","authors":"Wanfen Peng, Qi Luo, Chenyang Bai, Xiaohua Li, Caihua Jia, Yilin Ren, Bo Wang, Jie Kuai, Jing Wang, Hanzi He, Guangsheng Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.122012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.122012","url":null,"abstract":"Harvest timing critically influences the oil content and nutritional value of <em>Brassica napus</em> L., a globally vital oilseed crop. This study examines the trade-offs between combined harvesting (direct harvest at maturity) and two-stage harvesting (early cutting followed by field ripening) on seed oil metabolism and secondary metabolites. Three two-stage treatments—cutting plants at 23, 29, or 35 days after final flowering (DAFF) followed by 3–12 days of field ripening—were evaluated. Late two-stage harvesting (35 DAFF) preserved oil content at levels equivalent to combined harvesting, whereas early cutting (23 and 29 DAFF) reduced oil yield by 5.0 % and 2.3 %, respectively, in the ZS11 variety. Mechanistic analyses revealed that early harvesting disrupted photosynthesis through downregulation of key genes (<em>PsbO</em>, <em>PsbP</em>, <em>PsbQ</em>, and antenna proteins) and suppressed fatty acid biosynthesis, while accelerating fatty acid degradation. Early two-stage harvesting impaired flavonoid biosynthesis by markedly suppressing the expression of critical genes (e.g., <em>TT18</em> and <em>BAN</em>), leading to reduced levels of key flavonoid metabolites such as epicatechin. Interestingly, while this led to lower DPPH radical-scavenging activity, early harvesting triggered a compensatory antioxidant response, boosting peroxisome activity and vitamin content, suggesting a shift in antioxidant strategies. Crucially, late two-stage harvesting (35 DAFF with 6–9 days ripening) achieved optimal outcomes: oil and metabolite profiles comparable to combined harvesting, coupled with earlier field clearance that facilitates crop rotation. These results provide actionable insights for farmers and processors aiming to maximize both oil yield and metabolic quality in rapeseed production.","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145189031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient creation and phenotypic differentiation mechanism of autotetraploid soybean","authors":"Xuhao Zhai, Han Qin, Xinrui Du, Xingguo Zhang, Erhui Xiong, Shanshan Chu, Na Guo, Jingyun Zhao, Dandan Hu, Yi Yang, Dan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.121976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.121976","url":null,"abstract":"Soybean is an important food and oil crop worldwide, but its narrow genetic background constrains the breeding of high-quality varieties. To expand soybean germplasm resources and investigate the effects of polyploidization on soybean agronomic and quality traits, three autotetraploid materials from two cultivated (W82 and JD17) and one wild soybean (W006) were successfully created through colchicine induction. The 12-h treatment of seeds with 0.2 % colchicine solution achieved optimal induction efficiency, with a chromosome doubling success rate of 11.76 %. Compared to diploids, autotetraploid soybeans exhibited significant phenotypic and physiological changes: increase tissue and cell size, thicker leaf with three to five leaflets, 16.71 % increase of chlorophyll content, and 14.52 % increase of photosynthetic rate. The fertility of autotetraploid soybean decreased, the average of single-seed pod ratio increased to 50.64 %, but the hundred-grain weight increased by 43.11 %. Notably, autotetraploid soybeans maintain oil content while achieving 8.89 % average protein content increase, with significant elevations in oleic acid, water-soluble proteins and essential amino acids (e.g., lysine and leucine). For genomic changes, 7457, 41,497, and 110,970 genetic variations were detected in tetraploid W82, JD17, and W006, respectively, these variations including SNP, InDel, and structural variation. The genes containing these variations were rich in defense response, lipid metabolic, DNA repair, transcription regulation, and amino acid synthesis, indicating that the genetic variations may be responsible for the phenotypic variation of tetraploid soybeans, and also indicating that tetraploid soybeans may has great potential in stress resistance. Besides, the chromosome number variation of three tetraploid plants indicating the genome of tetraploid soybeans were unstable. This study first reveals the differentiation in lipid metabolism pathways between diploid and tetraploid soybeans, providing critical germplasm resources and theoretical foundations for deciphering polyploid soybean nutrient synthesis mechanisms and breeding high-protein, high-oleic-acid varieties.","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145189325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}