Industrial Crops and Products最新文献

{"title":"Long-term hairy root culture of Centella asiatica (Apiaceae) for enhanced biomass accumulation and centellosides production","authors":"Zahra Karimi,&nbsp;Mohammad Hossein Mirjalili,&nbsp;Hassan Esmaeili","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.121494","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.121494","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Centella asiatica</em> is a well-known natural rich source of centellosides that possess various medicinal characteristics such as memory enhancement, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and wound healing activities. Nowadays, bioprocessing through hairy roots culture (HRC) is considered a proper approach for obtaining valuable specialized compounds. In this study, two hairy root types of <em>C. asiatica</em>, including a wild type (A4), inoculated with <em>Rhizobium</em> (Syn. <em>Agrobacterium</em>) <em>rhizogenes</em> C58C1 (pRiA4) and a transgenic type by <em>R. tumefaciens</em> C58C1 (pRiA4) (pBIs SQS1) carrying the <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em> squalene synthase (<em>At-SQS</em>) gene were developed in long-term and batch culture systems for biomass accumulation and centellosides production. The highest fresh weight (623.17 ± 11.57 g/L) and dry weight (42.73 ± 0.60 g/L) were obtained for the SQS hairy root line (HRL3) in the long-term period at the eighth week, while in the batch culture system (also maintained for 8 weeks), the peak biomass was observed at the fourth week with maximum FW (243.25 ± 0.22 g/L) and DW (15.60 ± 0.001 g/L). Similar results for the A4 root line were also obtained in the long-term culture at the eighth week. Madecassoside showed the highest accumulation in both culture systems. The highest accumulation (mg/g DW) of madecassoside (4.09 ± 0.04) and total centellosides (5.11 ± 0.134) was observed at the fourth week, asiaticoside (0.57 ± 0.049) at the fifth week, and madecassic acid (0.67 ± 0.024) and asiatic acid (0.65 ± 0.033) at the first week was observed in the long-term system of the HRL3. The production of madecassoside in the SQS hairy root line was 2.67-fold higher than that of the wild type (A4) hairy root line (HRL9). The present results are noteworthy and may be considered for future commercial centellosides production in large-scale bioreactor cultures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 121494"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144622397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying cotton source-sink relationships under layered phosphorus placement with fertigation management","authors":"Zheng He ,&nbsp;Biao Jia ,&nbsp;Yan Chen ,&nbsp;Minghua Li ,&nbsp;Baoxia Ci ,&nbsp;Ke Liu ,&nbsp;Fuyu Ma ,&nbsp;Yang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.121497","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.121497","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cotton yield formation is dependent on source-sink capacity and relationships. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of layered phosphorus (P) application combined with drip irrigation on cotton source-sink relationships and yield formation. Two-year field experiments were conducted, employing three P layered application treatments (D1: 5 cm + 15 cm, D2: 15 cm + 25 cm, D3: 5 cm + 15 cm + 25 cm) and three drip irrigation application rates (B25: 0.25/0.75, B50: 0.5/0.5, B75: 0.75/0.25). The control (CK) treatment consisted of 50 % P applied pre-sowing into the 0–25 cm soil depth and 50 % applied through drip irrigation. The results showed that, under B50 and B75 phosphate fertilizer basal dressing ratios, layered fertilization treatments significantly increased source (sink) dry matter (W_max) by 16.93 %-41.30 % (source) and 10.48 %-35.74 % (sink) compared with CK. The maximum source and sink growth rate (S_max) of layered fertilization treatments was also significantly elevated, showing increases of 23.94 %-54.22 % (source) and 10.83 %-41.59 % (sink) over CK. The W_max, S_max, and yield of the layered fertilization treatments exhibited a trend of D2 &gt;D3 &gt;D1 and B50 &gt;B75 &gt;B25. The two-year average yields of the B50(75)D2(D3) treatments were significantly higher than CK, with increases ranging from 6.02 % to 17.65 %. Notably, the B50D2 treatment exhibited a prolonged source growth period, higher source and sink dry matter accumulation, a more balanced source and sink partitioning index, and a relatively balanced source-sink relationship, resulting in higher yields compared with other treatments. Therefore, the B50D2 treatment is recommended as an effective P precision fertilization strategy for cotton cultivation in Xinjiang.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 121497"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144630003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cellulose nanofibrils from Euterpe oleracea residue extracted by acid hydrolysis and ultrasonic processing","authors":"Daniel Tavares de Farias ,&nbsp;Jalel Labidi ,&nbsp;Wanessa Lunardi Wacht ,&nbsp;Matheus da Silva Roso ,&nbsp;Gabriela Teixeira da Silva ,&nbsp;Pedro Henrique Gonzalez de Cademartori ,&nbsp;Darci Alberto Gatto ,&nbsp;Cristiane Pedrazzi","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.121502","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.121502","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The large amount of waste generated by the exploitation of açaí (<em>Euterpe oleracea</em>) by the agro-industrial sector in the Amazon, when not managed correctly, can become a threat to the environment due to widespread accumulation in terrestrial and aquatic environments. Utilising this waste as raw material to obtain cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) could avoid the use of non-renewable resources and replace petroleum-based polymers. CNFs are usually obtained by mechanical processes that require large amounts of energy, which is a disadvantage of this processing route. In the present study, the açaí residue was purified by alkaline treatment with NaOH and acidified sodium chlorite to remove the non-cellulosic components, and the resulting cellulose fibres were used as a raw material to obtain CNFs by a two-step process in which the cellulose fibres were hydrolysed with sulphuric acid as a pre-treatment method for subsequent ultrasonic processing. The CNFs obtained had widths between 9.14 nm and 7.22 nm, a crystallinity index of 75.78 %, high thermal stability, with the onset of thermal degradation at around 228 ºC, and a zeta potential up to 43.97 m/V. The results indicated that the combination of the sulphuric acid hydrolysis and ultrasonic processing allows to obtain CNFs from açaí residues that can be used in the production of nanostructured green products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 121502"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144630029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cellulose/MOF nanohybrids derived 3D interconnected porous carbon based LiOH-composite for solar-driven chemical heat storage","authors":"Xiangyu Yang ,&nbsp;Shijie Li ,&nbsp;Jin Zhang ,&nbsp;Jianguo Zhao ,&nbsp;Yisong Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.121512","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.121512","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the face of the sustainability dilemma caused by the incompatibility between renewable energy and actual demand, hydrated salt chemical heat storage (CHS) with long-desired storage capabilities has become a silver line for the underutilization of clean energy. In this work, a bacterial cellulose@zeolitic-imidazolate framework nanohybrid (BC@ZIF-8) was prepared and its derived 3D-porous carbon network (BZAC) was implemented as the porous nanomatrix for LiOH·CHS material. The resultant Li/BZAC2 composites present a fabulous energy density of 2317.6 kJ kg⁻¹ credited to the synergistic collaboration of the 3D interconnected network architecture, highly developed hierarchical porosity, and enormous surface area of BZAC2. Besides, the Li/BZAC2–60 could keep 95.8 % of the original heat after 20 multicyclic operations, revealing its marvelous cycle persistence. The Li/BZAC2–60 with eminent thermal conductivity also demonstrates impressive solar-driven photothermal conversion capability. This work may deliver an innovative option for the further functionalization of the carbonaceous network derived from metal-organic frameworks via templating strategies and diversification of its implementation domains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 121512"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144630004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep learning time-series prediction method for cotton nitrogen content based on small sample hyperspectral data","authors":"Shizhe Qin ,&nbsp;Hong Ren ,&nbsp;Shun Chen ,&nbsp;Yiren Ding ,&nbsp;Hang Li ,&nbsp;Xin Lv ,&nbsp;Ze Zhang ,&nbsp;Lifu Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.121467","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.121467","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nitrogen, an essential nutrient for cotton growth, requires accurate and timely assessment for effective fertilizer application. Despite advances in sensing technology and models, traditional machine learning monitoring models exhibit limited accuracy in assessing nitrogen content. Agronomic sample collection is challenging, and small datasets are unsuitable for conventional deep learning (DL) methods. Moreover, monitoring at specific time points cannot capture dynamic nitrogen changes within the crop, and time lags in decision-making can lead to mismatches between nitrogen supply and crop demand. Therefore, improving monitoring accuracy with small agronomic samples and effectively predicting future nitrogen content changes are crucial. Here, we used a hyperspectral technology to collect data, focusing on “Xinluzao53” cotton and established four nitrogen concentration gradients. Approximately 30 days after emergence, we conducted destructive and non-destructive sampling of the main stem leaves at regular intervals. To train the monitoring model, destructive sampling involved collecting hyperspectral data, followed by leaf cutting for nitrogen determination, whereas non-destructive sampling involved collecting hyperspectral data over time without leaf damage. We then constructed DL monitoring models suitable for small samples to estimate nitrogen levels. The optimal monitoring model was applied to non-destructive sampling, and the resulting nitrogen content time-series was cleaned and used as input for prediction models. The one-dimensional convolutional neural network monitoring model developed in this study achieved optimal accuracy, and the improved ensemble time-series prediction models demonstrated better predictive performance than single time-series models. These findings offer valuable insights for monitoring phenotypic parameters with limited sample sizes and predicting future changes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"233 ","pages":"Article 121467"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144632329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolomics fingerprint of three Clematis L. species by UPLC-MS/MS for geographical and varietal classification","authors":"Yanjie Dong ,&nbsp;Qidong Ren ,&nbsp;Yuanjuan Wu ,&nbsp;Wenbo Wang ,&nbsp;Lei Wang ,&nbsp;Chenxi Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.121504","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.121504","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Clematis</em> L. is a genus with global distribution and significant usage in traditional Chinese medicine. Traditionally, species authentication for <em>Clematis</em> L. has relied on morphological characteristics, but such method is susceptible to errors and lacks reproducibility. In this study, an untargeted UPLC-MS/MS-based metabolomics approach was employed to comprehensively discriminate <em>Clematis tangutica</em> (Maxim.) Korsh, <em>C. intricata and</em> Clematidis Radix et Rhizoma (CRR) from eight provinces in China. 2331 differential metabolites were identified by principal components analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), which revealed distinct separations among the studied regions. The KEGG metabolic pathway analysis showed that flavone and flavonol biosynthesis and flavonoid biosynthesis were closely associated with geographical origin. This work established the metabolomics evidence that flavonoid biosynthesis serves as a biochemical signature of geographical adaptation in Clematis, providing a scientific foundation for precise origin traceability, resource conservation, and quality standardization of medicinal species in traditional Chinese medicine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 121504"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144605549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the inhibitory effects of borneol essential oil on Malassezia furfur and inflammatory factors in HaCaT cells: A molecular docking approach","authors":"Wensi Cheng ,&nbsp;Xiangyu Guan ,&nbsp;Sheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Yanhong Yang ,&nbsp;Qing Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.121487","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.121487","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The essential oil derived from the leaves/branches of <em>Cinnamomum camphora</em> (L.) Presl contains major chemical constituents, including d-borneol, camphor, and limonene, which possess notable medicinal properties.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To assess the anti-dandruff potential of borneol essential oil (BEO).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The antifungal activity of BEO against <em>Malassezia furfur</em> was evaluated. Its mechanism of action was explored using molecular docking, along with exogenous ergosterol and sorbitol supplementation and nucleic acid leakage assays. Network pharmacology, combined with molecular docking, predicted the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of BEO. At the same time, RT-qPCR was used to assess the effects of this treatment on the expression of inflammatory factors in HaCaT cells.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of BEO against <em>Malassezia furfur</em> was 18.75 μL/mL. Exogenous sorbitol increased MIC to 37.50 μL/mL, while ergosterol had no effect. Nucleic acid leakage assays showed a significant rise in extracellular nucleic acid levels following BEO treatment (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), indicating disruption of cell wall biosynthesis and membrane integrity. Molecular docking demonstrated strong binding interactions between BEO constituents and key proteins, CYP51 (membrane) and Malf1 (cell wall), of <em>Malassezia furfur</em>, with binding energies reaching up to 15.06 kJ/mol. Network pharmacology identified PPARG, EGFR, and ESR1 as core anti-inflammatory targets, with binding energies reaching 26.78 kJ/mol. BEO significantly downregulated mRNA expression of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in LPS-stimulated HaCaT cells (IL-6 reduced by 25 %–45 % compared to LPS control).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study elucidates the dual anti-dandruff mechanisms of BEO through inhibition of <em>Malassezia furfur</em> growth and attenuation of skin cell inflammation, offering theoretical support for its application in cosmetic formulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"233 ","pages":"Article 121487"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144605025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bio-based Si-N flame-retardant curing for silicone rubber modified pine: Synthesis and degradation","authors":"Qiaoguang Li ,&nbsp;Wei Wei ,&nbsp;Wenqing Xiao ,&nbsp;Yunliang Li ,&nbsp;Zekun Chen ,&nbsp;Guijun Xie ,&nbsp;Yigang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.121481","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.121481","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We have successfully developed a molecular design strategy to synthesize a hydrogenated rosin-modified isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane crosslinking agent (HRIS) with organic and inorganic active groups. Then curing it, rosin-based silicone rubber chemically cross-linked modified pine (RSP) is formed. This process enables the organic integration of fire-retardant silicon, nitrogen elements, and the rigid hydrogenated phenanthrene ring structure of rosin with the internal and external surfaces of the pine’s porous structure through chemical bonding. In the channels, rosin-based silicone rubber with 48.81 % of carbon, 42.96 % of oxygen, and 8.23 % of silicon, respectively was observed. The degradation mechanism coupled with LOI (limiting oxygen index) testing revealed that the RSP exhibited enhanced flame retardancy, with its LOI significantly increasing from 24.68 % to 25.4 %. Additionally, it exhibited higher thermal stability up to 330℃ than pine, indicating that the fire-retardant performance of RSP was effectively enhanced through the crosslinking modification with HRIS and PDMS (hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane). During the thermal degradation process, RSP will produce gaseous cyclic siloxane molecules such as D3 (hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane), D4 (octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane), D5 (decamethylcyclopentasiloxane), etc. This study demonstrated that a new type of adhesive has been synthesized, but the influence of byproducts on the entire system should be considered in application, which is of significance for indicating the direction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 121481"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144605548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable super-light and high-strength wood-based composite foam with hydrophobic, flame-retardant and thermal-insulating properties","authors":"Enwen Liu, Maiquan Chen, Yijuan Chang, Haiqiao Zhang, Zhihui Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.121500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.121500","url":null,"abstract":"This study introduces an innovative methodology for the development of sustainable, high-performance building insulation materials via molecular engineering of Cellulose nanofibers/Polybenzoxazine-Polyvinyl alcohol (CNFs/PBZ-PVA) composite foams modified with environmentally friendly protonated Poly(ethyleneimine)-Phytic acid (PEI (H⁺)-PA) ligand. The use of renewable bio-based components and eco-friendly modification processes underscores the material's alignment with circular economy principles. The optimized formulation, characterized by a 2: 1 CNFs/PEI (H⁺)-PA ratio, exhibits exceptional multifunctional properties, including a uniform microporous structure (15–35 μm), remarkable compressive strength (2.77 MPa at 80 % strain), and superior thermal insulation performance (0.0504 W/(m·K)). In addition, the integrated P-N synergistic system substantially enhances flame-retardancy (LOI=37.2 %, UL-94 V-0 rating), achieving reductions in heat release and smoke production by 41.67–81.43 %. Subsequent silane modification further elevates hydrophobicity (contact angle of 114.5°) and fire safety (LOI=39.1 %, 82.74 % reduction in PHRR). The fabricated wood-based insulation panel demonstrates outstanding thermal resistance (surface temperature of 52.8 °C after exposure to 120 °C for 180 s), surpassing the performance of conventional commercial products. This research offers a green materials solution that effectively integrates thermal management, mechanical durability, and fire safety for sustainable building applications.","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144602984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and characterization of Polylactic acid-Polyhydroxybutyrate (PLA-PHB) blend impregnated with mango extracts for use as active film","authors":"Ludisbel León-Marcos, Antonio Montes, Diego Valor, Ignacio García-Casas, Clara Pereyra","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.121464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.121464","url":null,"abstract":"The study examined the impregnation of Polylactic acid-Polyhydroxybutyrate (PLA-PHB) (75:25 w/w) polymer films with mango leaf extracts (MLE) using solvent casting and a supercritical solvent impregnation process. The effects of pressure, temperature, and depressurization rate on the impregnation and release of bioactive compounds were evaluated. The impregnated and non-impregnated samples were analysed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to determine their impregnation load, antioxidant capacity, and compound release after 10 days. The FTIR analyses showed that the samples impregnated at 20 MPa exhibited a more intense peak compared to those impregnated at 10 and 30 MPa, indicating higher impregnation loads and antioxidant compound concentration. Thermal studies (TGA and DSC) demonstrated that impregnation did not significantly affect the thermal stability of the material. In X-rays patterns, the promotion of PHB crystallization on top of the amorphous PLA halo was observed at high depressurization rates. Furthermore, SEM images revealed changes in the surface morphology after impregnation. The highest impregnation load was obtained at 20 MPa, 35 °C, and 5 MPa/min (3.39 ± 0.03 mg MLE/100 mg PLA-PHB), while the concentration of antioxidant compounds (IAC) was highest at 20 MPa and 55 °C with slow depressurization (2.72 ± 0.02 mg IAC / 100 mg PLA-PHB). Gallic acid and iriflofenone 3-C-β-D-glucoside were the main released compounds.","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144602985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}