Industrial Crops and Products最新文献

{"title":"Integrating transcriptome, metabolome and microbiome to explore the interaction mechanism between secondary metabolites and root-associated bacteria of Codonopsis pilosula","authors":"Ziqian Gao ,&nbsp;Ning Zhu ,&nbsp;Minhui Yang ,&nbsp;Xingshuai Cui ,&nbsp;Changze Han ,&nbsp;Xiaopeng Guo ,&nbsp;Feifan Leng ,&nbsp;Ziyi Cheng ,&nbsp;Wen Luo ,&nbsp;Yonggang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120790","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120790","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to explore the mechanisms underlying the interactions between the secondary metabolism and root-associated bacteria of <em>Codonopsis pilosula</em>. This study collected root and rhizosphere soil samples from various <em>C. pilosula</em> cultivars and employed metabolome, transcriptome, and microbiome analysis to assess the variations in volatile organic compounds (VOCs), root-associated bacterial communities, terpenoid biosynthetic genes, and terpenoid metabolites across these cultivars. Significant differences were observed in VOC secretion from roots, terpenoid metabolite accumulation, and the composition and structure of root-associated bacterial communities among the cultivars. A total of 57 differentially expressed genes within the terpenoid synthesis pathway were identified, and terpenoid biosynthetic pathways in <em>C. pilosula</em> were constructed by integrating terpenoid differential metabolites. Furthermore, correlation analysis between VOCs and root-associated bacteria suggested that certain VOCs, such as acetoin, may play a role in shaping the composition of the root microbiome, particularly with respect to bacteria like <em>Nitrospira</em> and <em>RB41</em>. Acetoin had been experimentally proven to promote the germination of <em>C. pilosula</em> seeds. Additionally, correlations between root-associated bacteria and both terpenoid synthesis genes and metabolites suggested that bacteria such as <em>Nitrospira</em> may influence the synthesis of terpenoid compounds like abscisic acid by modulating the expression of related biosynthetic genes. Collectively, this study provides preliminary insights into the mechanisms of secondary metabolite-root-associated bacterial interactions in <em>C. pilosula</em>, offering valuable guidance for the scientific cultivation and enhancement of the medicinal value of <em>C. pilosula</em> in future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 120790"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143534959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthases in carotenoid biosynthesis in Osmanthus fragrans petals","authors":"Guo Yu,&nbsp;Chao Zhang,&nbsp;Jian-Xin Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120709","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120709","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGPPS) plays a pivotal role in the biosynthetic pathway of plant terpenoids, producing geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP), a precursor for secondary metabolites, such as carotenoids, phytol, and plastoquinone. In <em>Osmanthus fragrans</em>, carotenoids function as, the primary pigments responsible for the vibrant color of its flowers, providing not only pigmentation but also profoundly contributing to the production of floral fragrance. However, the regulatory mechanisms through which GGPPS governs carotenoid biosynthesis in <em>O. fragrans</em> remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the intricate relationship between GGPPS and carotenoid biosynthesis in <em>O. fragrans</em>. Using transcriptome analysis, a total of eight <em>GGPPS</em> gene sequences encoding five large subunits (LSUs) and three small subunits (SSUs) were identified. Despite similarities in subcellular localization among different members, their spatiotemporal gene expression profiles suggested potential functional diversity. Pigment complementation tests identified two key members of LSU—OfLSU1 and OfLSU5—which exhibited catalytic activity. These two members displayed notable differences in their ability to form homodimers and heterodimers. Furthermore, SSUII activated OfLSU1’s ability to synthesize carotenoids, whereas SSUI reduced OfLSU5’s ability. Overexpression of <em>OfLSU1</em> and <em>OfLSU5 in planta</em> confirmed that OfLSU1 plays a more specific role in carotenoid biosynthesis, shedding light on the mechanism by which OfGGPPS regulates this process. This study provides insights into the regulatory mechanism of OfGGPPS family members in carotenoid biosynthesis, laying a foundation for further research on the regulation of flower color and fragrance biosynthesis in <em>O. fragrans</em>, as well as for the directional breeding of this species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 120709"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143538731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into acidic deep eutectic solvent-mediated softwood pretreatment for high fermentable sugar yield and efficient lignin recovery","authors":"Chenjie Ji,&nbsp;Rou Weng,&nbsp;Chang Yu,&nbsp;Yuyang Fan,&nbsp;Jia Ouyang","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120779","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120779","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study addresses the critical challenges of softwood pretreatment, focusing on Chinese fir as a model substrate to tackle its high lignin content and recalcitrant structure. To enhance the fractionation efficiency of softwood components and improve enzymatic glucose yield, four deep eutectic solvent (DES) systems—ChCl/LA, ChCl/FA, TEBAC/LA, and TEBAC/FA—were systematically evaluated. Using density functional theory (DFT) calculations and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, TEBAC/LA (1:4) was identified as the optimal DES system, exhibiting exceptional binding energy (-162.37 kcal/mol) and strong hydrogen bonding interactions that effectively disrupted lignin’s hydrogen bond network. Furthermore, Pearson correlation analysis between the physicochemical properties of DES (e.g., density, viscosity, surface tension, and Kamlet-Taft parameters) and enzymatic hydrolysis yield revealed that low surface tension, high Kamlet-Taft α, and high π parameters significantly enhance pretreatment efficiency. Guided by these computational insights, experimental validation revealed that TEBAC/LA achieved outstanding lignin removal (97.41 %) and glucose yield (97.09 %) under optimized conditions (150 °C, 90 min). This work not only advances the understanding of DES-biomass interactions but also demonstrates the power of integrating molecular simulations with experimental validation to design efficient biomass pretreatment systems. This study provides a scalable and sustainable approach for optimizing solvent systems, advancing renewable energy and material production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 120779"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143538732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and purification of Pleurotus ostreatus polysaccharides by corn distiller dried grains cultivation: Structural characterization and study the protective capacity against cells","authors":"Shan Yu ,&nbsp;Tingting Zhou ,&nbsp;Wenkang Hu ,&nbsp;Fuyi Hui ,&nbsp;Yanjie Ren ,&nbsp;Qin Cen ,&nbsp;Mingzhu Liu ,&nbsp;Huaimao Tie ,&nbsp;Xuefeng Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120797","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120797","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Edible fungi have been used as food for thousands of years, and mushroom derived polysaccharides have received a lot of attention for their health benefits. In this study, <em>Pleurotus ostreatus</em> (<em>P.ostreatus)</em> was cultivated using corn distillers dried grains (CDDG), and <em>P. ostreatus</em> polysaccharides (POPs) were extracted and purified. The composition, structural characteristics, and biological activities of POPs were subsequently analyzed. Initially, the compositional analysis of POPs was conducted. Secondly, the structure of POPs was studied through a series of techniques. Additionally, the antioxidant activity and protective capacity of POPs against yeast cells were evaluated. The results demonstrated that POP-25 (add 25 % CDDG), with its lower Mw and favorable structural characteristics, exhibited enhanced radicals scavenging abilities. Intriguingly, it also showed increased protection against H₂O₂-induced oxidative damage in yeast cells. Overall, this study not only purified a novel biologically active mushroom-derived polysaccharide but also holds significant importance in preventing waste from food processing by utilizing CDDG, thereby reducing environmental pollution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 120797"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143535397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Walnut-tea intercropping model: Variations in secondary metabolites and microbial interactions in tea under metabolomics perspective","authors":"Houqiao Wang ,&nbsp;Wenxia Yuan ,&nbsp;Wei Huang ,&nbsp;Qiaomei Wang ,&nbsp;Tianyu Wu ,&nbsp;Chun Wang ,&nbsp;Weihao Liu ,&nbsp;Shuheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Baijuan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120774","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120774","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The walnut-tea intercropping model has garnered attention for its potential to enhance land use efficiency and agricultural economic benefits. However, the research on tea gardens under this model has been insufficient. In this study, we employed metabolomics and 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing to investigate the effects of walnut-tea tree intercropping (CH) on soil microbial diversity and tea secondary metabolites, comparing these effects with monoculture (DZ) and post-walnut felling models (HK). The goal is to understand soil-plant-microbe interactions, thereby informing strategies to enhance tea quality in intercropping systems. Results showed that, compared with monoculture, the walnut-tea intercropping model increased soil nutrients significantly, particularly total nitrogen, available potassium, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and soil organic matter, and altered the composition of secondary metabolites in tea, exactly, the content of flavonoids, polyphenols and alkaloids were increased, while the content of amino acids were on the contrary. Microbial community analysis revealed significant changes in the abundance of fungal and bacterial communities, with increases in Agaricaceae and Mortierellaceae fungi, and Pseudolabrys, Candidatus_Koribacter and Bryobacter bacteria being significant factors which contributed to the significant up-regulation of flavonoids, polyphenols and alkaloids. It was also found that the soil microbial community underwent reversible changes after the removal of walnut trees, demonstrating the responsiveness to adjustments in the intercropping model. In conclusion, our results have revealed the regulatory mechanisms under the walnut-tea intercropping model of soil-plant-microbe interactions, providing new insights for the sustainable production of high-quality tea in intercropping models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 120774"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143534883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rebuilding the N-doping and O-removal reaction networks during biomass ammonia torrefaction pretreatment in terms of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin","authors":"Jie Li ,&nbsp;Zixia Ding ,&nbsp;Liang Zhu ,&nbsp;Wei Cai ,&nbsp;Zhi-Hua Liu ,&nbsp;Zhongqing Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120788","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120788","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ammonia torrefaction pretreatment (ATP) is a novel approach to realize the synergetic N-doping and O-removal reactions on lignocellulosic biomass, converting biomass into a N-enriched material to produce the N-containing chemicals (NCCs) through fast pyrolysis. In this work, the migration mechanism of N element during biomass ATP and pyrolysis process was revealed from in terms of the biomass pseudo components (hemicellulose, lignin, and cellulose). Higher ATP temperature favored for the doping of N element into biomass through the Maillard reaction. The N content in torrefied hemicellulose was much higher than that of torrefied cellulose and lignin, presenting as pyridinic-N, pyrrolic-N, and <strong>─</strong>NH_n groups. Higher ATP and pyrolysis temperature both promoted the formation of the NCCs. For the torrefied hemicellulose, the NHCs were the dominant NCCs, but the amines and nitriles with the nitrogenous straight chains for the torrefied cellulose and lignin.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 120788"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143534888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of carbonization temperature and amorphous components for the design and optimization of wood-based hard carbon thick electrodes in lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Yifan Wang ,&nbsp;Jingjiang Yang ,&nbsp;Gaigai Duan ,&nbsp;Ruizhi Yu ,&nbsp;Xiaoshuai Han ,&nbsp;Chunmei Zhang ,&nbsp;Jingquan Han ,&nbsp;Qiliang Fu ,&nbsp;Haoqi Yang ,&nbsp;Shuijian He ,&nbsp;Shaohua Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120764","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120764","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recently, wood-based hard carbon thick electrodes (WHCTEs) have achieved widespread attentions due to their 3-D transport network and high areal capacity. However, the roles of components in woods, especially the lignin and hemicellulose in influencing physical properties, microstructure, and lithium storage performance of WHCTEs remains unclear, which limits the design and application of WHCTEs. Herein, the effects of the carbonization process and components on the structural derivation and lithium storage properties of WHCTEs were investigated by varying the carbonization temperature and removing the amorphous components. Birch wood was carbonized at 800, 1000, and 1200 °C (CW-800, CW-1000, and CW-1200), respectively. Samples removed amorphous components were also carbonized at 800 °C (DE-800). The XRD results proved that appropriately increasing the carbonization temperature and removing amorphous components improved the graphitization degree. The HRTEM results confirmed that higher carbonization temperature facilitated the formation of closed pores. As the carbonization temperature increased, the mesoporous structure collapsed drastically; while DE-800 formed a mesoporous structure of 2–20 nm, thus presenting a superior rate performance and cycling stability. However, due to its low mass loading, the remaining capacity and the monolithic capacity only reached 1.61 mAh cm⁻²/0.77 mAh; while by the virtue of high post-carbonization density, CW-800 still maintained an areal capacity/monolithic capacity of 3.93 mAh cm⁻²/2.98 mAh after 100 cycles. It can be concluded that WHCTEs with amorphous components are promising to exhibit superior comprehensive performance. This work can provide some references for the design of WHCTEs and promote its practical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 120764"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143534886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sugar-based elastic microporous polyurethane foams with high compression strength, excellent cushioning and vibration damping properties","authors":"Qian Chen ,&nbsp;Jielin Xu ,&nbsp;Zhenguang Li ,&nbsp;Yaning Wang ,&nbsp;Mingfa Guo ,&nbsp;Jing Wu ,&nbsp;Huaping Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120777","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120777","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To enhance the compressive strength of polyurethane-based cushioning and damping foam, in this study, a series of elastic microporous polyurethane foams (IPUFs) were prepared using the bio-based isosorbide (IS) as the chain-extender. With the addition of rigid IS, the foam gradually transitioned to a closed-cell structure; the cell size decreased from 602 to 294 μm, and the cell size distribution became more uniform; furthermore, the compressive strength gradually increased from 0.01 to 0.55 MPa. Among them, the IS amount of 15 % provided the best candidate (IPUF-15), which has excellent compressive recovery (compression set: 8.8 %). Its compressive strength (0.55 MPa) is 55 times higher than the original PUF and 4 times higher than that of 1,4-butanediol expanded chain foam (BPUF-15). It has a higher compressive strength and a comparable cushion factor (3.5) to the most commonly used commercially expanded polystyrene cushion foam (EPSF). In addition, as a cushion foam, IPUF-15 also has good vibration damping performance, and its vibration damping temperature range can reach 53 ℃. The foams developed in this research hold significant potential for applications in cushioning and damping materials across various sectors, including automotive, sports equipment, and footwear.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 120777"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143528989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulating the impact of climate change on the suitable area for cotton in Xinjiang based on SDMs model","authors":"Haoran Zhang ,&nbsp;Yongting Zhu ,&nbsp;Zhanli Ma ,&nbsp;Jing He ,&nbsp;Chunmei Guo ,&nbsp;Qixiang Zhou ,&nbsp;Libing Song","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120750","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120750","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change significantly affects crop growth and cultivation areas, particularly in Xinjiang, a leading cotton-producing region. To analyze the distribution and changes in suitable areas for cotton cultivation in Xinjiang, we utilized multiple species distribution models (SDMs) during three periods: 1981–2020, 2021–2060, and 2061–2100, under four different shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs). Our findings results indicate that species distribution models (SDMs) effectively simulate the distribution of optimal cotton areas in Xinjiang, with Area Under Curve values exceeding 0.95, correlation coefficients above 0.83, and deviance residuals below 0.67. Based on Pearson correlation analysis, we identified land use, altitude, and bioclimatic factors as the primary environmental drivers influencing cotton distribution. Under the SSP245 scenario during the 40 s period, the cotton-suitable areas reached a maximum value of 8.81 × 10⁴ km², while in other times and scenarios, the cotton-suitable areas remained stable. Xinjiang's cotton-growing zones are concentrated along both sides of the Tianshan mountain range, scattered in the Tarim Basin, the Yili River basin, and the Hami region. Amid climate change, the cotton-suitable zones in the Kashgar, Hotan, and Keriya River Basins are witnessing the most rapid expansion. At the same time, high-altitude regions of Altay and arid areas in the northern Tacheng-Emin Basin are increasingly unsuitable for cotton cultivation. These findings have significant implications for constructing the main cotton-producing areas in Xinjiang.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 120750"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143534884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical characterization of eighteen colored corn varieties and coproducts from the 2022 season of the Missouri colored corn adaptation program","authors":"Ahmad Ali ,&nbsp;Miriam Nancy Salazar Vidal ,&nbsp;Sherry Flint-Garcia ,&nbsp;Ravinder Kumar ,&nbsp;Mengshi Lin ,&nbsp;Caixia Wan ,&nbsp;Pavel Somavat","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120772","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120772","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Colored corn varieties have been widely acknowledged for their relatively higher phytochemical contents entailing potential value-added applications. In this study, a continuation of the Missouri colored corn adaption program, eighteen colored corn varieties from the 2022 season were analyzed for dry milling characteristics and phytochemical contents using metabolomic, HPLC and spectrophotometric techniques. The mean pericarp yield for the varieties from 2022 was higher at 7.96 % (dry basis, db) compared to 4.65 % (db) for the varieties from 2020 and 2021. Six selected varieties were identified and further analyzed. The highest concentrations of total anthocyanins (TAC), phenolics (TPC), total flavonoids (TFC) and condensed tannins (CT) detected were 28.8 g cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G)/kg, 53.1 g gallic acid (GA)/kg, 155.7 g epicatechin (EE)/kg and 13.7 g catechin (CT)/kg of pericarp, respectively. Overall, the mean of TAC, TPC, CT contents for the best five varieties from 2022 was greater at 20.6 g, 45.4 g, 138.2 g compared to 14.5 g of C3G, 27.7 g of GA, and 130.9 g of EE equivalent per kg of pericarp for the varieties from 2020 and 2021, respectively. Metabolomic analysis identified 43 distinct phytochemicals. Antioxidant potential was evaluated using four different assays, the mean antioxidant activities for the best five varieties from 2022 were higher. Histological analysis revealed the concentration of phytochemicals in pericarp, whose thickness ranged between 129.2 and 182.3 µm. The varieties from 2022 showed greater pericarp yield, higher concentrations of phytochemicals, and greater antioxidant potential compared to the previous year’s varieties, implying successful progression of the program.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 120772"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143528687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}