{"title":"Microwave-assisted butylene glycol extraction: An environmentally friendly method for isolating bioactive compounds from coffee silverskin with antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase, and anti-melanogenic effects","authors":"Nuntawat Khat-udomkiri, Su Myat Win","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120647","url":null,"abstract":"The global rise in coffee consumption has resulted in significant waste, particularly coffee silverskin (CS), which constitutes approximately 1.5 % of unroasted coffee and is rich in valuable bioactive compounds. This study aims to use butylene glycol (BG) as an alternative green solvent in the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) of bioactive compounds from CS, focusing on their antioxidant properties and tyrosinase inhibition potential for safer, natural skin-whitening alternatives. To optimize the extraction process, single-factor studies and a Box-Behnken design were utilized, and the effects evaluated of various parameters on total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), DPPH radical scavenging activity, ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and tyrosinase inhibition. Optimal conditions were obtained at 180 °C, 40 % solvent concentration, with a liquid-to-solid ratio of 50.23 mL/g, resulting in TPC, TFC, DPPH, FRAP, and significantly higher tyrosinase inhibition compared to ethanol-based extraction (<em>p < 0.05</em>). The liquid chromatography analyses identified caffeine and chlorogenic acid as primary bioactive compounds, alongside 12 additional bioactive compounds. Furthermore, at a concentration of 5 mg/mL, the BG-MAE extract demonstrated non-toxic, reduced melanin content, and inhibited cellular tyrosinase activity. This study highlights the potential of BG-MAE for producing bioactive compounds from CS in antioxidant and whitening cosmetic applications.","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143192569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guoan Qi, Lei Wang, Zhanfeng Si, Yan Hu, Tianzhen Zhang, Zegang Han
{"title":"Fine-mapping and genetic analysis of a fibre strength QTL introgressed from Gossypium barbadense into Gossypium hirsutum","authors":"Guoan Qi, Lei Wang, Zhanfeng Si, Yan Hu, Tianzhen Zhang, Zegang Han","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120639","url":null,"abstract":"Cotton fibre is an important industrial raw material, the quality determines its market value. However, breeding cotton with improved fibre quality constitutes a major challenge due to the limited genetic diversity and close genetic linkage among modern cotton varieties. In this study, we anchored three quality-related QTLs, <em>qFS-D06–1</em>, <em>qFM-D03–1</em>, and <em>qFM-D06–2</em>, using a secondary F<sub>2</sub> population constructed from the chromosome segment substitution line (CSSL) HY2654, which has significantly superior fibre micronaire (FM) and fibre strength (FS) value. The QTLs demonstrated definitive overlap with two major introgression segments identified on chromosome D03 and D06. The <em>qFS-D06–1</em> locus, which accounts for 8.88 % of FS variation, was further fine-mapped to a 1.75 Mb interval on chromosome D06. Twelve genes located in this QTL region exhibit significantly differential expression in both HY2654 and its donor parent <em>Gossypium barbadense</em> acc. 3–79. Four of these genes, which have their orthologues generally known to be involved in cell growth and in physiological and biochemical processes relevant to fibre development, are expressed in fibres of all sampling periods and could be focused upon in further research. The current research could provide a strategy for accelerating the acquisition of the map-based identification of genetic features that underlie complex qualities. Further development of this foundation will put novel insights into important agronomic traits of plants.","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143192682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nanotechnology-based biotherapeutics for physiological wound healing phases","authors":"Shohreh Fahimirad, Fahimeh Fattahi, Mehrnaz Hatami, Shiva Shabani, Mansour Ghorbanpour","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120608","url":null,"abstract":"Wound healing is a complex process encompassing four phases: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This review highlights recent advancements in nanotechnology-based biotherapeutics addressing challenges inherent to each phase. Therapeutic strategies involving natural antibacterial agents, probiotics, bacteriophages, photothermal agents, antioxidants, anti-inflammatory drugs, therapeutic gases, growth factors, and stem cell therapies are critically analyzed for their contributions to wound repair. Emerging approaches, including gene therapy and microRNA-based interventions, are also examined for their potential to modulate healing pathways. Nanostructured delivery systems-such as liposomes, nanogels, nanoemulsions, solid lipid nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, and nanofibers are emphasized for their precision targeting and sustained release capabilities. Cationic nanostructures derived from chitosan, gelatin, cellulose, dextran, and synthetic polymers are highlighted for their antibacterial properties, enhanced cellular uptake, and regenerative potential. Blood-derived products, including platelet-rich plasma and fibrin, as well as amniotic membrane derivatives, are reviewed for their roles in tissue regeneration. Challenges in clinical translation, including stability, scalability, and targeted delivery, are critically addressed, alongside innovative solutions such as nanostructure-functionalized wound dressings and therapeutic gas encapsulation. This review synthesizes advancements in nanotechnology-driven wound therapies, providing a roadmap for overcoming existing barriers and enhancing therapeutic efficacy. By integrating cutting-edge nanotechnology with biological and chemical therapeutics, this review underscores the transformative potential of these innovations in advancing wound care and improving patient outcomes.","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143192649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of two sets of tobacco chromosome segment substitution lines and QTL mapping for agronomic and disease resistance traits","authors":"Huan Si, Dong Wang, Yanjun Zan, Wanfeng Liu, Wenxuan Pu, Xiaoxu Li, Hui Mao, Xingyou Yang, Shiyang Song, Yongda Wang, Caihong Jiang, Xuhao Pan, Zhiliang Xiao, Liuying Wen, Yiwen Sun, Dan Liu, Lirui Cheng, Aiguo Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120622","url":null,"abstract":"Chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) represent a powerful genetic resource for quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping, gene cloning and breeding. Here, we developed two sets of CSSLs consisting of 245 and 128 unique lines, which derived from OX2028 × K326 and Samsun × K326 crosses. On average, each CSSL carried 1.8 and 2.9 introgressed segments in the two sets, with an average physical segment length of approximately 34.3 Mb and 27.6 Mb, respectively. These CSSLs covered ∼97 % and ∼77 % of the genomes of OX2028 and Samsun, respectively. By performing QTL mapping based on best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) of phenotypic traits, we identified a total of 64 QTLs associated with six agronomic traits and three disease resistance traits. These QTLs explained phenotypic variation ranging from 1.5 % to 50.8 %. Among them, 22 QTLs detected in OX2028 derived population and 42 detected in Samsun derived CSSLs. Notably, a new QTL for tobacco leaf width, <em>qLW1–1</em> was narrowed down to an 8-Mb interval on chromosome 1, and <em>NtZY01G00114</em>, encoding an auxin-response factor protein, was considered as the candidate gene. Our study provides valuable genetic resources for tobacco breeding and enhances our understanding of the genetic basis of complex traits in tobacco.","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143192683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xinyue Yao, Yan Xu, Dahua Zhu, Zijun Zhang, Chengqi Feng, Jin Zhu, Chao Fang
{"title":"Bio-based high-grafting-rate compatibilizer: Dynamic reactive extrusion synthesis of itaconic anhydride-based copolymers with polypropylene grafts and the application in plant fiber composites","authors":"Xinyue Yao, Yan Xu, Dahua Zhu, Zijun Zhang, Chengqi Feng, Jin Zhu, Chao Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120619","url":null,"abstract":"A bio-based high-grafting-rate compatibilizer, itaconic anhydride grafted polypropylene (ITA-g-PP), was successfully prepared using 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-bis(tert-butylperoxy)hexane (L101) as the initiator and assisting by the radical trapping agent α-methyl styrene (AMS). Itaconic anhydride (ITA) was synthetically grafted onto polypropylene (PP) through a dynamic reactive extrusion. The influences of variant contents of ITA and L101 on the grafting reaction were systematically investigated using infrared spectroscopy (IR), acid-base titration, melt flow index, contact angle, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), mechanical properties and rheological testing methods. The mechanical performances and microstructure of the wheat fiber (WF) enhanced PP composites were investigated. In addition, a series of comparisons were made between ITA-g-PP and self-made maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAH-g-PP) under the same conditions. The results show that the highest grafting rate of ITA-g-PP reached 1.45 %, greatly improving the hydrophilicity of PP. Under the same conditions, ITA-g-PP grafting rate can reach 1.2 %, and self-made MAH-g-PP grafted rate was only 0.75 %. The prepared ITA-g-PP can significantly enhance the adhesion of interfacial between WF and PP compared with traditional MAH grafted PP, thereby improving impact and tensile properties. Among them, adding ITA-g-PP to WF/PP composites can increase the impact strength by up to 29 %, while adding MAH-g-PP can only increase it by 17 % in WF/PP composites.","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143192688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haiqing Sui, Yasen Chen, Hai Chen, Yu Zhao, Chao Tian, Wei Chen, Chun Chang, Shusheng Pang, Pan Li
{"title":"Characterization and mechanistic insights into coke formation on biochar-based catalysts under microwave-assisted biomass pyrolysis","authors":"Haiqing Sui, Yasen Chen, Hai Chen, Yu Zhao, Chao Tian, Wei Chen, Chun Chang, Shusheng Pang, Pan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120645","url":null,"abstract":"Coke formation is a critical factor contributing to catalyst deactivation during biomass catalytic pyrolysis. In this study, we systematically investigated the characteristics of coke on biochar-based catalysts (BC) during microwave-assisted catalytic pyrolysis of biomass. The morphology, pore structure, thermal stability, and composition of coke were thoroughly analyzed. Our findings revealed that both the degree of graphitization and the extent of coke formation on BC increased with rising reaction temperatures and prolonged reaction durations. Specifically, the BET surface area of fresh BC decreased from 108.44 m²/g to 56.26 m²/g after being subjected to 650°C for 80 minutes. Correspondingly, the proportion of inert coke (C₃) increased markedly from 15.90 % to 63.80 %. Notably, crystal-like coke structures were observed on the surface of BC. To quantify and evaluate variations in coke formation, we introduced a novel metric termed the “coke level,” which provides a graphical and quantitative assessment of both the amount and nature of coke present on the catalyst. Soluble coke generated under high-temperature and prolonged reaction conditions predominantly consisted of phenolic compounds. Microwaves can excite plasma, which in turn activates coke, inhibits its growth, and promotes its reaction with the surrounding environment. For instance, after treatment at 650°C for 80 minutes, the coke deposition on BC was only 3.99 wt%. These results demonstrate that the microwave field significantly enhances the catalyst’s service life and economic viability by reducing coke accumulation and improving catalyst efficiency.","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143192686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuanshuai Dai, Huihan Wang, Mingfeng Yang, Gang Li, Xin Lv
{"title":"A machine learning workflow for classifying and predicting the annual climatic status of cotton in Xinjiang, China","authors":"Yuanshuai Dai, Huihan Wang, Mingfeng Yang, Gang Li, Xin Lv","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120623","url":null,"abstract":"As machine learning applications increase in crop climatic assessment, this study presents an innovative workflow to improve the lack of generality and interpretability in existing research. We developed flexible, rule-based climatic suitability indices (CSIs) using the maximum likelihood method, designed for specific phenological stages, to evaluate dynamic climatic suitability for crops. Based on these indices, we implemented a classification-regression-reclassification strategy to assess the annual climatic status (ACS) and predict short-term climatic suitability. The adaptability of this workflow is evident in its ability to integrate CSIs for various crops, effectively addressing the diverse needs of regional assessments. This study enables the use and comparison of machine learning models, including support vector machines (SVM/SVR), random forest, and gradient boosting trees (XGBoost), to identify the most effective model for classifying and predicting ACS in different regions. Using cotton in Xinjiang as a case study, SVM-XGBoost and SVM-SVR strategies were selected for short-term ACS prediction, achieving accuracy rates between 81.7 % and 91.0 %. From 1991 to 2020, the analysis identified crop yield potential and key factors, with an increase in normal years within suitable areas, indicating climatic adaptability. Sensitivity analysis revealed the influence of temperature suitability on cotton yield, particularly during seedling and boll formation stages in highly suitable areas for cultivation. Moreover, it emphasized precipitation and temperature during sowing to emergence and boll stages in moderately suitable areas. The workflow enhances generality and interpretability, providing a foundation for climate impact research and crop adaptation planning. Future research could incorporate new data sources, additional crop indicators, and various machine learning algorithms to enhance the generality and stability of the model.","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143192681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ronghao Wu, Jingyuan Zhou, Dengke Ma, Ali Dai, Liusheng Duan, Weiming Tan
{"title":"A pH-responsive metal-organic framework for the anti-photolysis and controlled release of abscisic acid to improve the drought resistance of cotton","authors":"Ronghao Wu, Jingyuan Zhou, Dengke Ma, Ali Dai, Liusheng Duan, Weiming Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120600","url":null,"abstract":"Metal-organic frameworks that respond to environmental stimuli have attracted considerable attention as intelligent pesticide delivery systems in agriculture. Exogenous application of plant growth regulator abscisic acid can effectively enhance crop drought resistance. However, the photo-instability of abscisic acid and the limited efficacy of conventional dosage forms limit its application in the field. To cope with this challenge, a pH-responsive composite ABA@MIL-100(Fe) was prepared based on the metal-organic framework MIL-100(Fe) to achieve precise abscisic acid release by harnessing pH fluctuations that occur as a physiological response in the crop's microenvironment during drought stress. The ABA@MIL-100(Fe) composite exhibited a hydrated particle size of 162.3 nm and an abscisic acid loading rate of 22.2 %. Meanwhile, ABA@MIL-100(Fe) showed excellent pH-responsive release characteristics. At pH 7.2, the release of abscisic acid from ABA@MIL-100(Fe) reached 70.5 % after 3 h, which was higher than that after 25 h under acidic conditions. Under UV irradiation for 9 h, free abscisic acid experienced considerable degradation with a rate as high as 44.9 %, whereas only 12.5 % degradation was observed for encapsulated abscisic acid within ABA@MIL-100(Fe). In bioassay trials, both foliar smearing and spraying of ABA@MIL-100(Fe) notably improved drought tolerance in cotton seedlings. The promoting effect of MIL-100(Fe) was also observed at the germination stage of cotton seeds. These results suggest that ABA@MIL-100(Fe) can be used as an intelligent delivery system of photosensitive pesticides to achieve controlled release and improved photolysis resistance under drought conditions, and can be applied for effective drought stress mitigation.","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143124400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lulu Zhan , Shaomin Zhou , Yuhao Yan , Daxin Jiang , Rui Li , Yulong Wu
{"title":"Multi –stage thermal-chemical transformation of reed to produce phenol bio-oil and biochar: Process exploration and life cycle assessment","authors":"Lulu Zhan , Shaomin Zhou , Yuhao Yan , Daxin Jiang , Rui Li , Yulong Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120609","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120609","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reeds contain a significant amount of lignocellulose, and the pyrolysis (PY) oil obtained from reeds has high water and acetic acid content, making it difficult to separate the bio-oil components. Torrefaction pretreatment can effectively dehydrogenate and deoxygenate, enhancing the quality of biochar. Based on the combination torrefaction of pretreatment and pyrolysis (Tor-PY), a multi-stage pyrolysis process (Mul-PY) utilizing different temperature intervals has been proposed. Experimental data show that this segmented reaction, which generates distinct components at various temperature ranges, effectively facilitates the preliminary separation of wood vinegar and phenolic compounds. Compared to PY, Mul-PY can enrich phenolic substances, with an increase of 43 % in their content. Additionally, energy and material flow analysis demonstrate that the energy consumption of Mul-PY is reduced by 1150 MJ/t compared to PY and by 250 MJ/t compared to Tor-PY. Meanwhile, the yield of biochar increased by 29.7 % and 1.7 % over PY and Tor-PY, respectively. Life cycle assessment and economic-technical analysis show that Mul-PY has good environmental benefits (GWP of −1301.06 kg CO<sub>2</sub>) and profitability (NPV of 69.14 $).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 120609"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143124402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Degradable cellulose acetate/waterborne polyurethane-based sand-fixing agents with excellent antifreezing properties","authors":"Wanjia Yang, Benli Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120650","url":null,"abstract":"Chemical sand-fixing agents with excellent antifreezing properties can effectively mitigate issues related to wind-blown sand and sand burial in alpine semiarid sandy areas. This study focuses on modifying cellulose acetate (CA)-based waterborne polyurethane (WPU) sand-fixing agents by incorporating glycerol triglycidyl ether (GTE) and glycerin (GL). These additives can react with the hydroxyl groups in CA, forming hydrogen and ether bonds in the CA/WPU system, thereby improving the antifreezing abilities of the sand-fixing agents. Furthermore, the free hydroxyl groups in the modified CA/WPU system can interact with SiO<sub>2</sub> in sand, leading to the formation of a strong dual-network structure. Compared with competing products, the CA/WPU-based sand-fixing agents developed in this research showed superior antifreezing and durability abilities, enhanced resistance to wind-blown sand and water, as well as a certain degree of water retention durability. The primary volatile substances of thermal degradation include water vapor, NH<sub>3</sub>, and CO<sub>2</sub>. CA/WPU/GTE and CA/WPU/GTE/GL<sub>0.5</sub> (CA<sub>(-OH)</sub>/GTE/GL = 2/1/1) formulations exhibited superior degradation performance compared with CA/WPU/GL and CA/WPU/GTE/GL<sub>1</sub>. The consolidation strengths of the CA/WPU/GTE and CA/WPU/GTE/GL<sub>0.5</sub> layers remained stable after exposing to 27°C and −20°C for 14 days. With a consolidation strength of 1.76 MPa at 27°C, CA/WPU/GTE is ideal for alpine regions where plant survival is notably challenging. Conversely, CA/WPU/GTE/GL<sub>0.5</sub>, which had an appropriate consolidation strength of 1.56 MPa at 27°C, is fitting for alpine areas with existing plant life. The findings of this study contribute to sustainable production and cost savings, offering new possibilities for advancing biodegradable sand-fixing agents with outstanding antifreezing properties.","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143192363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}