{"title":"Computational spectral reconstruction using a Quasi-random metasurface filter array for LWIR (8–12 μm) band","authors":"Lingfeng Zhang , Yu Shao , Fuyan Wu , Luoyu Zhang , Yipeng Chen , Weiming Shi , Junren Wen , Yuchuan Shao , Weidong Shen , Chenying Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2026.106418","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2026.106418","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conventional Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers face inherent limitations due to their need for precise mechanical scanning and fundamental size constraints from mirror displacement requirements, which collectively hinder its miniaturization. However, in certain application domains, the importance of spectrometer miniaturization outweighs the need for high spectral resolution or a broad spectral range. In this work, we present a highly compact metasurface-based infrared spectrometer that leverages deep learning for spectral reconstruction. The system employs 24 distinct Quasi-Random Metasurface Spectra-Encoders (QRM-SEs), each exhibiting unique spectral characteristics. To achieve accurate spectral reconstruction, a fully connected spectral reconstruction network is applied with diverse datasets as the training datasets, ensuring strong generalization across various spectral types. By utilizing the QRM-SEs, high-fidelity reconstruction of spectral information in the 8–12 μm band has been successfully achieved. This miniaturized spectrometer demonstrates strong potential for integration into compact devices and holds broad application prospects in areas such as consumer electronics, environmental monitoring, and portable sensing technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 106418"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147397542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gan Zhang , Xu Zhang , Hongyan Li , Jinhui Zhao , Yao Qin , Qinghui Zhang , Mingxing Li , Yu Yang
{"title":"Instrument-invariant near-infrared spectroscopy via domain adaptation for robust quantitative analysis of barley protein content","authors":"Gan Zhang , Xu Zhang , Hongyan Li , Jinhui Zhao , Yao Qin , Qinghui Zhang , Mingxing Li , Yu Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2026.106436","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2026.106436","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has emerged as a rapid and non-destructive tool for food quality assessment, yet variations among instruments remain a major barrier to its widespread deployment in grain protein prediction. This study introduces a joint domain adaptation–spectral reconstruction–prediction model (JDA-SR-PM) to achieve reliable instrument transfer for online monitoring of protein content in barley kernels. Spectral data were collected from a master and a slave instrument, and the dataset was expanded via unsupervised augmentation. The model was optimized using the Adam algorithm and benchmarked against three state-of-the-art transfer learning methods: TCASVR, PRETL, and PEAMATL. Results demonstrated that JDA-SR-PM achieved superior predictive performance, with R<sup>2</sup> = 0.923, RMSE = 0.553, and RPD = 3.607 on the test set, outperforming competing approaches. Bland–Altman analysis further confirmed close agreement between predicted and reference protein values, validating the potential of JDA-SR-PM as an alternative to commercial analyzers. SHAP-based feature attribution highlighted critical spectral regions (920 nm, 1200 nm, and 1400–1550 nm), consistent with known chemical overtones, and provided a foundation for simplified instrument design. These findings suggest that NIR spectroscopy combined with domain adaptation can extend rapid protein monitoring beyond laboratory settings, supporting practical applications in grain quality control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 106436"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147397543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tianyi Zhang , Xiaobin Xu , Zerun Sun , Shanshan Chen , Zheng Liu , Yingying Ran , Zhiying Tan
{"title":"Ranging method of weak lidar signal based on manta ray foraging optimization and variational modal decomposition","authors":"Tianyi Zhang , Xiaobin Xu , Zerun Sun , Shanshan Chen , Zheng Liu , Yingying Ran , Zhiying Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2026.106412","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2026.106412","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Regarding the difficulty of the detection of Lidar weak echo signal, this paper proposes a ranging method based on MRFO algorithm to optimize the VMD parameters and the peak detection. Based on the analysis of Lidar echo signals, MRFO optimization algorithm was used to calculate the optimal VMD decomposition parameters, and the bhattacharyya distance was combined to reconstruct the echo signal. The ranging was then realized by the peak moment identification method. Simulation analysis was conducted to compare the denoising effects with different VMD parameter optimization algorithms. The experimental platform of a Lidar system was built, and it was demonstrated that the laser echo signal completely submerged in noise can be detected by the proposed algorithm. When the ground truths of distances are 46.964 m and 25.363 m, compared with SVD-WT, WT-ST, EMD-ST and DFA-EMD, the de-noising effect and the ranging accuracy of the proposed algorithm are the best. Even though the time cost of proposed algorithm is higher than that of WT-ST, its success rate can reach 89.3 % with different distances, which is more than 20 % better compared with other algorithms. The proposed algorithm provides technical support for faint signal detection for Lidar remote sensing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 106412"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146023735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Huijie Zhu , Qingyuan Zhu , Kai Ding , Hao Tang , Yuchen Li
{"title":"Generative adversarial translation of RGB to thermal infrared images for enhanced multimodal data","authors":"Huijie Zhu , Qingyuan Zhu , Kai Ding , Hao Tang , Yuchen Li","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2026.106367","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2026.106367","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The combination of visible (RGB) and thermal infrared (TIR) data holds significant potential for all-day-all-night applications. However, research in this area is hampered by the limited size and demanding alignment requirements of multi-modal datasets. To address these challenges, we propose a generative adversarial network (GAN) to translate RGB data into TIR data, thereby significantly expanding the availability of RGBT data and alleviating the need for laborious alignment processes. Our method employs pixel-wise perceptual loss and a multi-scale architecture in the generator and discriminator, respectively, to ensure high-quality TIR data generation. Conditioned on the original RGB data, our model generates TIR data depicting the same scene, providing paired and aligned RGBT data that facilitates downstream tasks. Qualitative and quantitative analyses demonstrate the effectiveness of the generated RGBT data. In a questionnaire, participants found it difficult to distinguish between generated and real data. On the RGBT tracking task, methods trained with generated data performed comparably to those trained with real data, proving the utility and efficacy of our approach. Code is available at <span><span>https://github.com/NJ587/RGB2TIR</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 106367"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146023738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Infrared low-frequency non-uniformity correction method based on gradient-domain weighted B-spline","authors":"Zexiao Zheng , Yaohong Zhao , Wei Xiang","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2026.106392","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2026.106392","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Low-frequency non-uniformity noise, caused by scene-independent stray thermal radiation incident on the infrared detector, is a common form of additive noise in infrared images. Its presence significantly degrades image quality and adversely affects subsequent image processing and analysis. Due to the complex and diverse origins of such radiation, low-frequency non-uniformity exhibits varying characteristics, while existing correction algorithms generally have limited generalization capability and suboptimal performance. To address this issue, a correction method based on gradient-domain weighted B-spline is proposed. Specifically, non-uniform B-splines are employed in the gradient domain with an adaptive knot placement strategy, which allows the density of B-spline knots to be flexibly adjusted across different regions for accurate fitting. Furthermore, an adaptive gradient-domain filter is designed to robustly extract low-frequency information, with adaptive parameters estimating the noise distribution and better suppressing edges and texture details. To further suppress residual high-frequency components, a weighting scheme based on a second-order derivative prior is incorporated into the model. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves superior adaptability and robustness, effectively removing diverse low-frequency non-uniform noise.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 106392"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146023742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wenzhuang Ma , Yang Xiang , Gefei Shen , Yujia Zhou , Kewei You , Yang Zhou , Ningtao Wang , Li Zhang
{"title":"Stable high temperature meta-film for visible and infrared compatible camouflage","authors":"Wenzhuang Ma , Yang Xiang , Gefei Shen , Yujia Zhou , Kewei You , Yang Zhou , Ningtao Wang , Li Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2026.106427","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2026.106427","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The advancement of multispectral detection has spurred the development of camouflage materials for both visible and infrared spectra. This is especially challenging for hypersonic vehicles, where extreme heat during flight demands highly durable materials. However, research on high-temperature visible-infrared camouflage remains limited. Here, we propose a high-temperature-resistant visible-infrared camouflage strategy. The designed material enables tunable coloration in the visible spectrum while maintaining low infrared emissivity (<0.25) in dual infrared bands (3-5 and 8-14 μm), effectively minimizing thermal radiation leakage. Our findings reveal that the spectral degradation of conventional Pt/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/Pt multilayers at high temperatures primarily stems from film structural degradation and intrinsic material property alterations, particularly the irregular agglomeration of the top Pt layer, which disrupts film continuity and causes unpredictable spectral shifts. By introducing an Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> protective layer, we suppress Pt agglomeration, enabling a transition from three-dimensional disorder to two-dimensional order, thereby enhancing spectral predictability. Building on these insights, we propose an innovative pre-aging strategy, wherein the material’s optical properties in a stabilized post-annealing state are reverse-engineered and pre-aged through thermal treatment to achieve the target spectral performance. This approach ensures long-term high-temperature stability for effective camouflage functionality. Experimental results demonstrate that the designed material retains its camouflage efficacy for over 100 hours at 600°C. This study lays the foundation for the intelligent design and fabrication of next-generation high-temperature-resistant camouflage materials for future applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 106427"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wenyi Sun , Yinji Chen , Zhiqi Gao , Tianyu Li , Xupu Chen , Yizhen Liu , Qiaoyun Wang
{"title":"NIRS regression model for dry matter content estimation in olive fruit with XGBoost pre-treatment method","authors":"Wenyi Sun , Yinji Chen , Zhiqi Gao , Tianyu Li , Xupu Chen , Yizhen Liu , Qiaoyun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2026.106374","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2026.106374","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dry matter content (DMC) is a key indicator in evaluating olive fruit quality, particularly in assessing its suitability for oil extraction. The Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy combined with machine learning methods is widely used to evaluate the DMC in olive fruit. In this paper, Extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) algorithm with high efficiency, accuracy and flexibility was used as a preprocessing method to enhance the predictive performance of DMC estimation models. And the prediction result of XGBoost preprocessing with the partial least squares (PLS) and Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) models were compared with other widely used preprocessing methods (D<sup>1</sup>, D<sup>2</sup>, MA, MSC, SG, SNV, WAVE). Experimental results showed that the XGBoost preprocessing method outperformed other preprocessing methods in predictive accuracy, achieving lower values of root mean square error of cross-validation (RMSECV), root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) and standard error of prediction (SEP), and higher ratio of performance to deviation (RPD) and coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup>). Moreover, the XGBoost-MLP model had better performance than that of XGBoost-PLS model. The experimental results demonstrate that the XGBoost preprocessing method achieved better fitting performance than other preprocessing methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 106374"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145923444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Defect detection for micro-LED by multi-illumination and deep learning","authors":"Qicheng Lin , Zhiguo Xie , Kiyoshi Takamasu , Meiyun Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106357","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106357","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Micro-LED wafer defect detection faces challenges such as weak optical contrast, diverse defect types, and stringent real-time requirements. To tackle these issues, this paper proposes the Multi-illumination Movable Detection System (MIMDS) and DMI-Net. MIMDS uses multi-angle illumination and multi-spectral fusion for higher-quality defect images. DMI-Net integrates three core innovations: Dual Receptive-field Attention Convolution (DRAConv) module that enhances feature extraction while reducing computational cost through grouped and segmented convolution; Mixed Local Channel Attention RepNBottleneck (MRB) that improves small defect recognition via multi-scale feature refinement; and Inner Focaler IoU (IF-IoU) loss function that adapts to sample difficulty for faster convergence and better accuracy. Experiments on VOC2012 and Micro-LED wafer datasets show that DMI-Net achieves mAP scores of 0.754 and 0.893 at 21 FPS, meeting real-time requirements and demonstrating strong reliability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 106357"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145923447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Aluminium alloy emissivity correction model based on photon-phonon coupling and wavelength weight optimization","authors":"An Wang , Yu-Cun Zhang , Qun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2026.106376","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2026.106376","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper proposes an emissivity correction model based on the surface phonon-photon coupling (SPCC) system of aluminum alloy, aimed at addressing the complexity of emissivity variation with temperature and wavelength under high-temperature conditions. The model combines the SPCC system with a wavelength-weight optimization algorithm, considering the interaction between phonons and photons on the aluminum alloy surface, and accurately describes the impact of multi-band infrared radiation intensity on temperature measurement. By introducing a swarm optimization algorithm to optimize the wavelength weight function, the model adjusts the contribution of different bands to temperature measurement, significantly improving the infrared temperature measurement accuracy in the range of 300–500 °C. Experimental results demonstrate that, compared to traditional fixed emissivity models, this model reduces temperature measurement errors by more than 20.6 %, providing a crucial theoretical foundation and technical support for precise temperature control of high-temperature aluminum alloy ring forgings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 106376"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145974744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thermally tunable terahertz switchable quad-band to broadband absorption induced by Mie–plasmon coupling","authors":"Shuncong Zhong , Shilin Cheng , Yi Huang , Fuwei Sun , Rongkun Yuan , Qiuming Zeng , Simin Ding , Yujie Zhong , Ziheng Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2026.106447","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2026.106447","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metamaterials enabling on-demand switchable terahertz (THz) absorption functionalities are essential for advancing multifunctional integrated photonic devices. However, most existing tunable designs rely on fine-tuning a single dominant resonance mode. This physical mechanism limits their functionality primarily to frequency shifting or intensity modulation, making it difficult to achieve distinct switchable operation between different operating modes. To address this, we propose a vertically integrated VO<sub>2</sub>–dielectric microsphere hybrid metasurface absorber. It utilizes the insulator-to-metal transition (IMT) of VO<sub>2</sub> to actively control the coupling between the top-layer VO<sub>2</sub> plasmon resonance and the bottom-layer ZrO<sub>2</sub> microsphere Mie resonance. In the insulating state of VO<sub>2</sub>, the coupling is disabled, and the device is dominated by Mie resonances, exhibiting an efficient quad-band absorption mode with each peak absorptivity exceeding 95%. When VO<sub>2</sub> transitions to its metallic state, the coupling is activated, allowing the top-layer plasmon resonance to couple with the bottom-layer Mie resonances. This interaction induces a spectral reconfiguration that merges the discrete high-frequency resonance peaks into a continuous broadband absorption band (0.919–1.157 THz) with an absorptivity exceeding 90%, thereby realizing switchable performance from quad-band to broadband absorption. This design strategy provides a new physical paradigm for realizing intelligent metamaterials with switchable functionalities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 106447"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147397477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}