Infrared Physics & Technology最新文献

{"title":"Quantitative analysis of starch adulterants in peanut coating powder based on FT-NIR and chemometric methods","authors":"Congli Mei ,&nbsp;Yanheng Wang ,&nbsp;Jihong Deng ,&nbsp;Wangfei Luo ,&nbsp;Chenxi Li ,&nbsp;Liangjun Wu ,&nbsp;Hui Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106089","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106089","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Peanut skin, known for their high medicinal value, can experience reduced efficacy when adulterated with starchy substances. This study presents an efficient detection method based on Fourier Transform Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-NIR) technology for adulterated peanut skin powder found in the market. Potato starch and corn starch were selected as common adulterants, and a range of samples with different adulteration levels was prepared. Then, Chemometric methods were employed to build quantitative analysis models for the adulterants. First, the collected spectral data were preprocessed. Subsequently, feature selection was conducted using Competitive Adaptive Reweighted Sampling (CARS), Bootstrapping Soft Shrinkage (BOSS), and Variable Combination Population Analysis (VCPA) algorithms. Finally, Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Random Forest (RF) models were applied to quantitatively analyze the adulteration levels of different substances, and their predictive performances were compared. Experimental results revealed that the BOSS feature selection method combined with the SVM model yielded the highest prediction accuracy for potato starch adulteration, achieving an <span><math><msubsup><mi>R</mi><mrow><mi>P</mi></mrow><mn>2</mn></msubsup></math></span> of 0.9953. For corn starch adulteration, the highest accuracy was achieved using the full-variable dataset with the SVM model, reaching an <span><math><msubsup><mi>R</mi><mrow><mi>P</mi></mrow><mn>2</mn></msubsup></math></span> of 0.9957. These findings demonstrate that integrating FT-NIR technology with advanced machine learning techniques enables high-precision identification and quantification of different adulterants in peanut skins, providing an efficient and reliable approach for food quality monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 106089"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144867259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of Yb3+ ions concentration on the structure and NIR luminescence of Er3+ doped niobium based phosphate glasses","authors":"M. Shoaib ,&nbsp;He Yongtai ,&nbsp;Y. Peng ,&nbsp;X. Zi ,&nbsp;A. Ahmad ,&nbsp;I. Khan ,&nbsp;I. Ullah ,&nbsp;G. Rooh ,&nbsp;N. Chanthima ,&nbsp;N. Intachai ,&nbsp;S. Kothan ,&nbsp;J. Kaewkhao","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106090","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106090","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the influence of Yb³⁺ ion concentration on the physical and luminescence properties of Er³⁺-doped niobate-based phosphate glasses. A system of novel glasses with chemical composition of P₂O₅: Nb₂O₅: Na₂O: Li₂O: Er₂O₃: Yb₂O₃ were synthesized through melt quenching technique. The density of the samples shows an increasing trend while the molar volume demonstration a decreasing trend with increasing Yb₂O₃ concentration. The Judd-Ofelt (JO) theory was utilized to compute the JO intensity parameters, which subsequently yielded the radiative lifetimes of Er³⁺ ions, fluorescence branching ratios, and radiative transitions probability. These parameters exhibit a trend of Ω₂ &gt; Ω₄ &gt; Ω₆. Furthermore, the optical band gap (E_opt) was found to decrease with Yb₂O₃ doping, which was attributed to the formation of non-bridging oxygen (NBOs) in the glass network. The increase in NBOs reduced the separation between the valence-band maxima and conduction-band minima, leading to a more favorable environment for energy transfer processes. Additionally, owing to the energy-transfer among Yb³⁺ and Er³⁺ ions, the intensity of peak at 1530 nm corresponding to the near-IR luminescence band (⁴I_13/2 → ⁴I_15/2) changes with Yb₂O₃ concentration. The optimum molar ratio Er³⁺: Yb³⁺ i.e. 1:0.7, show the highest luminescent ratio for these glasses. This enhancement in luminescence is attributed to the effective energy transfer mechanism between Yb³⁺ and Er³⁺ ions, making these glasses highly suitable for applications in photonic devices, such as optical amplifiers and lasers. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the design and optimization of rare-earth-doped phosphate glasses for laser and other advanced optical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 106090"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144913698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One-stream one-stage pure transformer for infrared and visible image fusion","authors":"Qianhong Zhang ,&nbsp;Qiao Liu ,&nbsp;Di Yuan ,&nbsp;Yunpeng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106067","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106067","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Existing infrared and visible image fusion methods usually use two same backbones to extract deep features of the source images, and then manually design a fusion strategy to fuse them. However, this framework overlooks the importance of feature interaction during the feature extraction stage and does not fully capture the complementary information between the source images. In addition, it requires the design of complex fusion strategies, which limits its robustness and generalization to different scenarios. To this end, we propose a one-stream one-stage pure Transformer-based fusion framework, which simplifies feature extraction and fusion into a unified one-stream pipeline. Specifically, the proposed method consists of a one-stream fusion network and a decomposition network. The fusion network uses several Swin Transformer blocks to extract and fuse two modality features simultaneously. Thanks to the sliding-window-based multi-head attention, the fusion network can acquire local features and global dependencies and seamlessly model their contextual relationships. Due to the lack of effective supervision signals, the fusion network struggles to fully transfer important information from the source images, which can easily lead to the generation of artifacts. To eliminate these artifacts and simultaneously force the fused image to contain richer information, we design a simple decomposition network that decomposes the fusion result into the source images with consistency constraints. Extensive comparative and ablation experiments on four image fusion benchmarks demonstrate that our method achieves favorable results. In addition, the results on downstream tasks, including object detection and semantic segmentation, further show the effectiveness of the proposed method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 106067"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144880147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Baseline-free broadband absorption spectroscopy tomography for high-pressure combustion application","authors":"Tianxu Huang ,&nbsp;Ruifeng Wang ,&nbsp;Guishi Wang ,&nbsp;Pengfei Yu ,&nbsp;Ruifeng Kan ,&nbsp;Kun Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaoming Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Tomography (TDLAT) is a widely used technique for detecting spatial distributions of temperature and concentration fields in combustion systems. When pressure field measurement is required, absorption coefficient tomography is typically employed to simultaneously retrieve pressure, temperature, and concentration field distributions. However, the baseline submergence effect under high-pressure conditions poses challenges in accurately acquiring projected absorbance, while baseline distortions in unsteady combustion regions further exacerbate this issue. This study addresses the problem by introducing baseline-free inversion algorithms into the broadband absorption spectroscopy-based absorption coefficient tomography framework. The proposed method employs linearity-compliant baseline-free processing to pre-correct projection spectra, followed by tomographic reconstruction and parameter inversion of the preprocessed spectral lines. In the comparative assessment of absorption coefficient tomography integrated with three baseline-free methods—Interpolated Envelope Correction Method (IECM), molecular Free Induction Decay (m-FID), and Derivative Spectral Method (DSM)—the IECM-based approach exhibits the lowest inversion errors. Its reconstructed field morphology shows the closest agreement with the original distribution, and the inversion results closely approximate those from direct inversion under baseline-free conditions. In high-pressure testing at 40 bar, the IECM-based absorption coefficient tomography exhibits reconstruction errors comparable to those at 17 bar, demonstrating broad adaptability to high-pressure environments and showing significant potential for practical combustion diagnostics in such conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 106088"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144885617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Damage-free lift-off of epitaxial HgCdTe thin films for future curved infrared imaging array applications","authors":"Shuo Ma ,&nbsp;Wenwu Pan ,&nbsp;Renjie Gu ,&nbsp;Zekai Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiao Sun ,&nbsp;Kaijian Xing ,&nbsp;Gilberto A. Umana Membreno ,&nbsp;Hemendra Kala ,&nbsp;Michael S. Fuhrer ,&nbsp;Lorenzo Faraone ,&nbsp;Wen Lei","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106073","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106073","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a study on the molecular beam epitaxial (MBE) growth of <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>H</mi><mi>g</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0.72</mn></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>d</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0.28</mn></mrow></msub><mi>T</mi><mi>e</mi></mrow></math></span> thin film materials on <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>d</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0.96</mn></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mi>Z</mi><mi>n</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0.04</mn></mrow></msub><mi>T</mi><mi>e</mi></mrow></math></span> (2 1 1)B substrates, incorporating a 10 nm thick MgTe sacrificial layer for subsequent lift-off. The <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>H</mi><mi>g</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0.72</mn></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>d</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0.28</mn></mrow></msub><mi>T</mi><mi>e</mi></mrow></math></span> thin films present a full width at half maximum of 31 arc sec for the X-ray diffraction rocking curve and a root-mean-square surface roughness of 1.2 nm. Additionally, this study developed and characterised an epitaxial lift-off process for the HgCdTe epilayers. The HgCdTe epilayers were successfully lifted-off from the substrate by adhering them to a silicon substrate and immersing in deionized water to dissolve the MgTe sacrificial layer. After lift-off, the samples exhibited p-type conduction with a carrier concentration of <span><math><mrow><mn>2.01</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mn>15</mn></msup></mrow></math></span> <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>c</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> and a hall mobility of <span><math><mrow><mn>1.96</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mn>2</mn></msup></mrow></math></span> <span><math><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>c</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>/</mo><mi>V</mi><mo>·</mo><mi>s</mi></mrow></math></span> at 77 K. Following the epitaxial lift-off process, photoconductors were fabricated on the HgCdTe thin films, which demonstrated a peak responsivity of 1080 <span><math><mrow><mi>V</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>W</mi></mrow></math></span> and a peak detectivity of <span><math><mrow><mn>3.3</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mn>10</mn></msup></mrow></math></span> Jones at 77 K at the wavelength of 5.4 µm. The minority carrier lifetime was measured to be around 1.15 µs at 77 K. A scanned imaging system was constructed to assess the infrared imaging performance of the photoconductor. These results were then compared with those of a photoconductor fabricated on HgCdTe thin films without the epitaxial lift-off process, and indicated that the lift-off process has minimal impact on the optoelectronic properties of the thin film and on device performance. These findings validate the feasibility of producing high quality, free-standing HgCdTe thin films for future applications in curved imaging arrays.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 106073"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144885616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A study of the initial epitaxial growth behavior of CdTe thin films on GaAs (100), (211), and (111) substrates by molecular dynamics simulations","authors":"Shuang Yang ,&nbsp;Yu Liu ,&nbsp;Xin Wan ,&nbsp;Shixuan Luo ,&nbsp;Yiming Mei ,&nbsp;Tingting Tan ,&nbsp;Gangqiang Zha ,&nbsp;Kun Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106070","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106070","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>CdTe materials are highly valued for their remarkable properties and wide-ranging applications. As an efficient and cost-effective technique, vapor deposition is well-suited for preparing CdTe films. In this study, molecular dynamics simulations were used to compare the early growth stages of CdTe films on GaAs (211), (111), and (100) substrates. The results showed that all films followed the Volmer-Weber (VW) growth mode. Notably, a (133)-oriented film was successfully grown on the (211) substrate, and this was confirmed by calculations. It was also observed that the interfaces of the (100) and (211) substrates had a higher density of inter-facial misfit dislocations. In contrast, the (111)-oriented film, while having a lower dislocation density, exhibited significant twinning parallel to the growth surface. This phenomenon might be attributed to the fact that the (111) plane serves as a slip plane in the zinc-blender structure. Among the three substrate orientations, both (100) and (211) demonstrated superior crystalline quality. It is hypothesized that the ease of forming misfit dislocations via slip might be a key factor in determining the crystalline quality of the films. Additionally, the (100) orientation exhibited the fastest growth rate, making it the most suitable choice for vapor deposition processes. However, the (111) film showed poorer crystalline quality due to the presence of a disordered edge region, indicating that further optimization of its growth process is necessary. One potential solution could involve depositing at an inclined angle. Furthermore, these findings suggest that selecting a growth orientation that readily forms inter-facial dislocations through slip may be beneficial during film growth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 106070"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144867257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the mid infrared emission spectral characteristics of high enthalpy air plasma jet","authors":"Jie Yang ,&nbsp;Donglin Liu ,&nbsp;Xinyue Ge ,&nbsp;Qiunan Tong ,&nbsp;Xiaoping Li ,&nbsp;Yanming Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106068","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106068","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mid infrared time-resolved emission spectra of high enthalpy air plasma jet are recorded. These spectra constitute the first study of high enthalpy air plasma jet spectra in the mid infrared range. We use inductive coupling to ionize air and generate high enthalpy air plasma jets, the infrared Fourier spectrometer focuses on the plasma jet, the detection direction is perpendicular to the direction of the plasma jet, and the mid infrared plasma spectrum under medium pressure background is detected in the range of 2–<span><math><mrow><mn>16</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span>. Despite the arrangement of an optical detection environment, there is still a strong background in the spectrum, on which a wide and complex emission range is superimposed. Therefore, we smoothed and corrected the detection spectrum. According to NIST’s atomic spectroscopy data, it can be concluded that atoms and ions in air plasma jets are very weak in this spectral region, and the width of the mid infrared range supports molecular origin. Therefore, the molecular emission spectra are calculated, and the emission ranges are compared with the radiation characteristics of <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>CO</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><mi>O</mi></mrow></math></span> molecules to obtain a general understanding of the detection spectral lines. On this basis, we also study the variation of spectral intensity with voltage, plasma thickness, gas pressure, and along the direction of plasma flow in the spectral region. The study find that the main characteristic peak of <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>CO</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> is more sensitive to voltage, while the main characteristic peak of <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><mi>O</mi></mrow></math></span> is more sensitive to gas pressure. The research results can provide support for accurate surface temperature measurement of plasma coated targets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 106068"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144867148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigation on bidirectional reflection characteristics of sea foam in the visible and near-infrared bands","authors":"Chengchao Wang ,&nbsp;Chengwei Jia ,&nbsp;Qingzhi Lai ,&nbsp;Rifeng Zhou ,&nbsp;Yinmo Xie ,&nbsp;Linhua Liu ,&nbsp;Lanxin Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106065","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The spectral directional reflection characteristics of sea foam have a great influence on ocean color remote sensing and marine environment monitoring. However, due to the difficulty in field measurements, there have little research on the spectral reflection characteristics of sea foam, especially the directional reflection characteristics. In this work, the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) of sea foam in the visible and near-infrared bands is experimentally studied through a self-designed scatterometer under laboratory conditions. In the experiments, a self-designed foam generator is employed to generate foam layers with different thicknesses for measurement. Effects of foam layer thickness, incident light wavelength and incident angle on the BRDF·cos<em>θ_r</em> values of foam layer are systemically investigated. The results indicate that the reflection distribution of foam layer presents diffuse reflection characteristics, with BRDF·cos<em>θ_r</em> exhibiting an inverted U-shaped distribution under vertical incidence and a rising peak with increasing incident angles. The thickness of foam has a significant modulation effect on reflectivity, and the peak value of BRDF·cos<em>θ_r</em> increases approximately linearly with the foam layer thickness for vertical incidence. Spectral analysis reveals the BRDF·cos<em>θ_r</em> values decrease with wavelength, attributed to enhanced seawater absorption at longer wavelengths. This study provides basic data and impact mechanism analysis for the directional reflection characteristics of sea foam in the visible and near-infrared bands, and may provide theoretical support for the remote sensing identification and quantitative analysis of sea foam.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 106065"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144867258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation and analysis of jamming effects on a mid-wave infrared seeker system against blinding laser","authors":"Xiaofei Zhang ,&nbsp;Hongbo Wang ,&nbsp;Lun Jiang ,&nbsp;Yongnan Lu ,&nbsp;Yun Fu ,&nbsp;Yunping Lan","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106074","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106074","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Laser blinding effects pose a serious threat to the tracking capability of infrared seekers. Traditional laser jamming analysis models typically account for a certain interference factor, whereas actual jamming effects manifest through the intricate interplay of multiple physical processes. Moreover, most existing studies on anti-jamming techniques neglect to provide comprehensive image-level interference effects and targeted interference image datasets specifically for laser blinding scenarios. This paper establishes a multi-physical coupling interference model that integrates self-radiation from optical components, thermal radiation from mechanical structures, and thermal-induced variations in refractive index and transmittance. Furthermore, we develop a robust simulation framework, mapping the progression from thermal effects to image plane energy density, ultimately generating high-fidelity interference images. Finally, a blackbody radiation imaging experiment of the infrared seeker is implemented, successfully achieving bidirectional verification between experimental calibration and simulation extension. Experimental results demonstrate that the difference between the simulated self-radiation image of lens 1 and the experimental image is less than 2 %, verifying the accuracy of our method. Since experimental methods cannot measure thermal conduction in optical and mechanical structures or assess the impact of changes in refractive index and transmittance on imaging, the complete model’s simulation results consequently differ by up to ± 12 % from experimental results. This demonstrates that our framework surpasses physical testing, not only by producing physical changes difficult to capture experimentally, but also by generating laser blinding datasets specifically for anti-jamming AI training. The research presented in this paper allows pre-deployment hardening of seekers, significantly reducing costs compared to traditional approaches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 106074"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144867147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SiamBSI: Hyperspectral video tracker based on band correlation grouping and spatial–spectral information interaction","authors":"Dong Zhao ,&nbsp;Weixiang Zhong ,&nbsp;Mingkai Ge ,&nbsp;Wenhao Jiang ,&nbsp;Xuguang Zhu ,&nbsp;Pattathal V. Arun ,&nbsp;Huixin Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106063","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106063","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper proposes an innovative hyperspectral video tracking method with band correlation grouping and spatial–spectral information interaction, termed SiamBSI. The purpose is to address the insufficient information interaction between the template and search branches in Siamese network-based tracking, as well as the limited discriminative capability of existing hyperspectral image dimensionality reduction methods. The method consists of three components. First, a novel dimensionality reduction method is introduced, which groups and reduces hyperspectral images based on band correlation and spectral deviation, while generating a multi-band spectral prior mask during the reduction process. Second, to enhance the information interaction between the template and search branches of the Siamese network, an additional information interaction branch is designed. Unlike conventional approaches, this branch first performs feature correlation between the local target region in the template image and the search region, and then extracts features from the correlated results. This branch incorporates a spatial–spectral information interaction (SI) module, which integrates spatial structural features (such as edge and texture features) with deep features, effectively addressing challenges such as background clutter and scale variations. At last, a spectral prior-guided sample discrimination mechanism is designed by combining the spectral prior multi-bands mask with groundtruth, optimizing the determination of positive and negative samples, and enhancing the accuracy of classification and regression. The key advantage of the proposed tracking framework lies in overcoming the limitation of insufficient information interaction in the Siamese network. Additionally, the proposed dimensionality reduction method enhances the contrast between the target and the background while generating a spectral prior mask for subsequent tracking tasks. Experimental results validate the effectiveness of SiamBSI, achieving AUC and DP@20 of 0.663 and 0.923, respectively, outperforming ten state-of-the-art (SOTA) trackers. The conclusion indicates that the proposed method demonstrates stronger tracking capability, especially in challenging scenarios such as background clutter, with an AUC of 0.728 and a DP@20 of 0.933.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 106063"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144867256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}