Jianbing Peng , Ximeng Chen , Xiaoyu Lv , Yonghui Liu , Zhihao Li , Liangliang Tang , Jianxiong Shao
{"title":"Interdigitated back contact (IBC) GaSb thermophotovoltaic cell on silicon substrate","authors":"Jianbing Peng , Ximeng Chen , Xiaoyu Lv , Yonghui Liu , Zhihao Li , Liangliang Tang , Jianxiong Shao","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105789","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105789","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes an interdigitated back contact (IBC) GaSb thermophotovoltaic cell with a silicon substrate, and optimizes various parameters of the cell structure to achieve optimal output performance. The output performance and efficiency of this IBC GaSb cell surpass conventional p-type emitter GaSb cell at temperatures below 1700 °C. At present, there is no application of IBC structure in the field of Thermophotovoltaic (TPV). Under the same emitter source and radiator conditions, due to the fact that the photo-generated carrier generation area of the IBC GaSb cell is closer to the bottom radiator, the actual operating temperature of IBC GaSb cell is lower. Therefore, in practical applications, IBC GaSb cell has a better temperature effect than that of conventional GaSb cell with p-type emitter in TPV field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"147 ","pages":"Article 105789"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143528810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Solar loading infrared thermography method for the non-invasive inspection of movable arts: The contribution of Multivariate Fast Iterative Filtering and Multidimensional Fast Iterative Filtering for 2D data techniques","authors":"Reagan Kasonsa Tshiangomba , Gilda Russo , Yinuo Ding , Enza Pellegrino , Hai Zhang , Stefano Sfarra , Antonio Cicone","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105770","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105770","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work is focalized on the application of two recent techniques, i.e. Multivariate Fast Iterative Filtering (MvFIF) and Multidimensional Fast Iterative Filtering for 2D data (FIF2), that have demonstrated their ability in the pre-processing phase of raw thermal images acquired under the so-called solar loading scenario applied to movable arts (i.e., ancient books and paintings on canvas). The thermographic acquisitions lasted several hours during two separate days. On the one hand, weather forecasts were held in high regard because MvFIF and FIF2 work well in case of signal oscillations caused, in our case, by wind and/or shadows cast. On the other hand, the sun is needed to generate heat transfer through the samples under test (SUT) exposed outdoors. The application of principal component thermography (PCT) to raw and pre-processed thermal images highlights the contribution of MvFIF and FIF2 as a useful step in defect detection. The mathematical part behind FIF2 and MvFIF is underlined in the work, as well as pros and cons of their application in thermographic image processing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"147 ","pages":"Article 105770"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143578611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiatong Li , Songjie Guo , Zhu Wang , Youxing Wei , Weibin Liu , Zhongya Xi , Shunchun Yao
{"title":"Measurement of NH3 emission in CH4/NH3 combustion exhaust gas with the mid-infrared laser absorption","authors":"Jiatong Li , Songjie Guo , Zhu Wang , Youxing Wei , Weibin Liu , Zhongya Xi , Shunchun Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105802","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105802","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ammonia is a promising zero-carbon fuel that has received widespread attention in recent years. However, owing to its weak reactivity, the NH<sub>3</sub>-containing flame suffers from severe combustion instability, leading to large amounts of NH<sub>3</sub> emission in exhaust gas. In order to quantify the NH<sub>3</sub> emission, reliable and efficient diagnostic has to be developed. In this work, a mid-infrared high-sensitivity laser measurement system based on Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) technology was developed for detecting NH<sub>3</sub> emission of NH<sub>3</sub>/CH<sub>4</sub> swirl combustion. Quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) is used to detect the optimal absorption features of NH<sub>3</sub> centered at 1103.45 cm<sup>−1</sup>, combining with the direct absorption spectroscopy and a high temperature gas cell. Firstly, the performances of the measurement system was evaluated. The results show that the maximum relative error is less than 5 % and the measurement precision is 2.3 %. The minimum detection limit (MDL) at the optimal integration time of 49 s reaches 4.27 ppm. Subsequently, the measurement system was applied to detect NH<sub>3</sub> emission in exhaust gas of a swirl CH<sub>4</sub>/NH<sub>3</sub> co-firing flame. The NH<sub>3</sub> emission were successfully discerned, with a minimum of 26 ppm and a maximum of 738 ppm under present conditions. Meanwhile, it is found that NH<sub>3</sub> emission rapidly increases with the increasing ammonia fraction in fuel and equivalence ratio, respectively. This work makes an effort to provide an effective means to monitor the NH<sub>3</sub> emission for ammonia combustion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"147 ","pages":"Article 105802"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143551777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rupeng Zhang , Sining Li , Yinbo Zhang , Jianfeng Sun , Wei Lu , Weijie Ge
{"title":"Based on time and space phase compensation algorithm for GM-APD photonic coherent lidar detection","authors":"Rupeng Zhang , Sining Li , Yinbo Zhang , Jianfeng Sun , Wei Lu , Weijie Ge","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105775","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105775","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>When detecting rough surface targets with a photon coherent lidar system, the wavelength of light is significantly smaller than the height of the surface roughness. This discrepancy induces decoherence effects, which degrade heterodyne efficiency and reduce the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). To mitigate these challenges, we propose a time and spatial phase compensation signal processing algorithm. In this method, the spatial phase compensation algorithm is first applied to address the issue of phase inconsistency in the array detector signals. Subsequently, to handle the phase mismatch across multiple frames of the GM-APD signals, a time-phase compensation algorithm is employed to align the phases of the multi-frame signals. Finally, the signals are accumulated in the time domain across multiple frames to obtain the final processed signal. A spatial photon coherent lidar system was established to detect four different targets. The application of this algorithm results in a significant improvement in the SNR, with the maximum increase reaching approximately 14.43 dB and the minimum increase at around 8.45 dB. This research lays a solid foundation for the detection of non-cooperative targets in field conditions using photon-coherent lidar systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"147 ","pages":"Article 105775"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143551810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ruixiang Sun , Guolin Li , Haoran Yuan , Guangzhao Cui , Longju Li , Yingjie Zhao
{"title":"A NDIR CO sensor enhanced by Machine learning algorithm applying in gas outburst Early warning","authors":"Ruixiang Sun , Guolin Li , Haoran Yuan , Guangzhao Cui , Longju Li , Yingjie Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105801","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105801","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In underground mines, the abnormal variations of carbon monoxide (CO) gas concentration are significant warning signals for gas outbursts and gas explosions. A CO sensor is engineered utilizing the principle of non-dispersive infrared (NDIR). The sensor consists of a broadband infrared light source (HIS2000R-0WC), a 3-meter path multi pass gas chamber (MPCC), and a dual channel pyroelectric detector. The center wavelengths of the two filters in the detector are 4.66 μm and 3.95 μm, respectively. An enhanced wavelet threshold denoising algorithm based on adaptive noise complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (EWTD-CEEMDAN) has been developed to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of voltage differential ratio signal. The proposed method demonstrates an approximate increase of 9.57 dB in SNR. The Zebra Optimization Algorithm-Least Squares Support Vector Machine (ZOA-LSSVM) algorithm model is employed to invert the CO concentration with a determination coefficient (R<sup>2</sup>) of 0.99992. Temperature compensation is performed to enhance the precision of sensor detection. According to the Allan-Werle deviation, the theoretical limit of detection (LoD) for CO is 9.56 ppb when the sensor integration time is 201 s. The experimental findings indicate that the sensor exhibits commendable performance and provides a reliable method for preventing mine gas outburst.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"147 ","pages":"Article 105801"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143521314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tm,Ho:GdVO4 crystal as saturable absorber for the passively Q-switched Tm:YAP laser","authors":"Changchang Shen , Xinlu Zhang , Panqiang Kang , Xiaofan Jing , Longyi Zhang , Bingxu Gu , Jinjer Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105797","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105797","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A passively Q-switched Tm:YAP laser with Tm,Ho:GdVO<sub>4</sub> crystal as the saturable absorber is reported for the first time. Using a simple flat-concave cavity, a high single pulse energy and high peak power passively Q-switched Tm:YAP laser at 1984 nm was successfully achieved. At an incident pump power of 9.66 W, the maximum average output power was 571 mW, the pulse width was 235 ns, and the pulse repetition rate was 825 Hz, corresponding to the single pulse energy of 0.69 mJ and the peak power of 2.94 kW. The M<sup>2</sup> factors of the passively Q-switched Tm:YAP laser in the x and y directions were 1.32 and 1.28, respectively. This experimental results demonstrate that Tm,Ho:GdVO<sub>4</sub> crystal can be used as saturable absorber for the passively Q-switched solid state laser at 2 μm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"147 ","pages":"Article 105797"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143512733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Achieving Equally-Spaced Brillouin frequency combs based on optoelectronic oscillator","authors":"Yang Li, Enming Xu, Zuxing Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105800","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105800","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An innovative approach has been proposed to achieve a precisely equidistant Brillouin Frequency Comb (BFC). Experimental validation was performed through the integration of a Brillouin fiber laser with an Optoelectronic Oscillator (OEO). By leveraging Brillouin gain, the transition from phase modulation to intensity modulation was successfully achieved, resulting in the generation of an equidistant Optical Frequency Comb (OFC) with intervals that strictly match the Brillouin frequency shift. Specifically exciting only the first-order Stokes light within the optical fiber notably enhanced the side-mode suppression ratio of microwave signals. In our experiments, the following achievements were realized: a 7-line Optical Frequency Comb (OFC) with a frequency spacing of 10.398 GHz and a flatness of 2.48 dB. At an offset frequency of 10 kHz, the corresponding phase noise of the microwave signal was measured at −101.534 dBc/Hz. Furthermore, by manipulating the optical and electrical gains of the OEO, the capability to realize OFCs with varying frequency spacings was demonstrated. The proposed OEO addresses the issue of BFCs, where the comb spacing is not strictly uniform, leading to their slow development in the fields of optical communications, precise measurements, and more.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"147 ","pages":"Article 105800"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143521315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jingrui Wu , Fei He , Xuguang Guo , Xingguo Zheng , Huiping Zhang , Liang Qiu , Yinwei Li , Tengzhou Ma , Xicheng Zhang , Alexander P Shkurinov , Yiming Zhu
{"title":"Frequency noise in Terahertz dual-comb spectroscopy using two repetition-frequency stabilized and synchronized femtosecond lasers","authors":"Jingrui Wu , Fei He , Xuguang Guo , Xingguo Zheng , Huiping Zhang , Liang Qiu , Yinwei Li , Tengzhou Ma , Xicheng Zhang , Alexander P Shkurinov , Yiming Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105796","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105796","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Terahertz (THz) dual-comb spectroscopy (THz-DCSS) is a competitive spectral technique due to its high frequency resolution. However, because the pump and detection femtosecond (fs) pulses are from two stabilized fs lasers, the perfect mutual coherence is difficult to reach, which prohibits long time data average and improving frequency resolution. Here, two frequency noise sources, the residual unlocked and transferred ones are investigated for a THz dual comb spectrometer (THz-DCSM). In time domain, the amplitude noise plays a dominate role on the performance of THz-DCSS; the repetition-frequency noises are negligible within Fourier-transform frequency resolution. In frequency domain, the relative synchronization error originating from the instantaneous frequency differences between the two fs lasers is 4 × 10<sup>-13</sup> <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>Δ</mi><mtext>f</mtext><mo>/</mo><mtext>f</mtext><mtext>)</mtext></mrow></math></span>; the relative frequency resolution is ∼ 4 × 10<sup>-10</sup>, limited by the radio frequency reference. Our investigations are helpful for improving the performance of THz-DCSS and developing high frequency resolution THz spectroscopy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"147 ","pages":"Article 105796"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143528812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tm: YAG pulsed laser based on multi-loss modulation technology","authors":"Qian Yang, Yu’ang Liu, Zhiyuan Jing, Chunting Wu, Lanlan Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105795","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105795","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Narrow linewidth, high-brightness 2 μm pulsed lasers offer significant advantages for high-precision applications, including micromachining, medical treatments, and spectral analysis. This study presents the first successful demonstration of a Tm: YAG 2 μm pulsed laser, distinguished by its narrow linewidth and high brightness. The laser system incorporates an MXene Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>Tx-based saturable absorber (SA), an acoustic-optic modulator (AOM), and a Fabry-Pérot (F-P) etalon. With a pump power of 10.17 W and a repetition rate of 5 kHz, the laser achieves a minimum pulse width of 148.8 ns, a peak power of 0.81 kW, an output central wavelength of 2014.00 nm, a linewidth of 0.24 nm, and beam quality factors of M<sup>2</sup> = 1.13.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"147 ","pages":"Article 105795"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143509903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bing-Tian Lang , Yan-Jie Song , Duo Zhu , Nan Zong , Zhong-Zheng Chen , Yong Bo , Qin-Jun Peng
{"title":"Thermal and spectroscopic characterization of Yb:Lu3Al5O12 crystal from 10 K to 300 K for excellent performance laser","authors":"Bing-Tian Lang , Yan-Jie Song , Duo Zhu , Nan Zong , Zhong-Zheng Chen , Yong Bo , Qin-Jun Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105798","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105798","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Temperature-dependent thermal and spectroscopic properties of Yb:Lu<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub> crystal from 10 K to 300 K have been investigated for cryogenic laser design. Thermal properties, such as thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) and thermal conductivity are presented. The TEC decreases progressively as temperature drops from room temperature to 10 K. Particularly, the TEC is found to be about zero around 25 K. The peak thermal conductivity is 212.6 W/mK at ∼ 18 K, which is about 3.6 times more than that at 77 K and 30 times more than that at room temperature. Moreover, the spectroscopic properties including absorption cross sections, stimulated emission cross sections <span><math><msub><mi>σ</mi><mrow><mi>SE</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> and fluorescence lifetime have been measured. The <span><math><msub><mi>σ</mi><mrow><mi>SE</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> at zero thermal expansion (ZTE) temperature is 18.52 × 10<sup>−20</sup> cm<sup>2</sup>, which is almost an order of magnitude than the result at 300 K, suggesting a more efficient operation. Based on the large thermal conductivity, zero TEC and high emission cross section around ZTE temperature, high-power high-beam-quality and highly efficient Yb:LuAG lasers can be anticipated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"147 ","pages":"Article 105798"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143509901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}