Infrared Physics & Technology最新文献

{"title":"Explore AI based performance evaluation of underwater fiber laser transmission micro-channeling operation on PMMA material","authors":"Subham Biswas ,&nbsp;Ranjib Biswas ,&nbsp;Manik Chandra Das ,&nbsp;Debal Pramanik ,&nbsp;Suvanjan Bhattacharyya ,&nbsp;Arunanshu Shekhar Kuar","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105856","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105856","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extensive use of polymers has been found in the manufacturing and production of high-quality microfluidic devices with the advent of modern machining technologies. To use the appropriate material for specific purpose, selection of appropriate machining process becomes crucial. Present study deals with the investigation on the effect of process parameters of laser micro-channelling operation on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) plate of thickness 9 mm in partially submerged in water. A fiber laser, specifically one with a wavelength of 1064 nm, has been employed for machining due to its superior performance compared to Nd: YAG or CO₂ lasers. Experiments are carried out to investigate the effect of various laser beam characteristics, such as pulse frequency (PF), laser power (LP), and scanning speed (SS), on the channel depth, kerf width, and heat affected zone width of the machined micro-channel. In this study, fuzzy-technique models for order preference by resemblance to the ideal solution (fuzzy-TOPSIS) have been developed. Additionally, multi-objective optimization of process parameters is performed using ratio analysis (MOORA). Both of the models namely fuzzy-TOPSIS and MOORA indicate that the optimal machining criteria for micro-channeling of PMMA are PF of 65 kHz, LP of 6.5 W and SS of 0.5 mm/s. An analysis of the surface morphological variations in correlation with the channel dimensions is also conducted utilizing scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The study emphasises the efficiency of the methodologies used as powerful tools for developing a comprehensive model and establishing the optimal LBM parameters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 105856"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diode-end-pumped electro-optically Q-switched Nd:YAG single crystal fiber for direct high-energy laser generation","authors":"Kun Guo ,&nbsp;Jianfa Chen ,&nbsp;Dong Wang ,&nbsp;Bin Xu ,&nbsp;Xudong Cui ,&nbsp;Qing Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105857","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105857","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Crystal fiber is highly valued in high-power laser research due to its excellent thermo-optic property. In this paper, we report on the result of studying high-energy nanosecond pulse laser at 1064 nm using Nd:YAG single crystal fiber as gain medium based on electro-optic Q-switching. With a 808-nm continuous wave diode laser as pump source, we obtained an average output power of 6.06 W at a repetition rate of 500 Hz with a pulse width of 29 ns, corresponding to a pulse energy of 12.12 mJ, and a peak pulse power of 0.42 MW. To our knowledge, this is actually the first research combining electro-optic Q-switching technology and end-pumped crystal fiber laser technology, and the results have indicated that crystal fiber has advantages in improving laser performance for directly obtaining high pulse energy and peak power with less system complexity and cost.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 105857"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143826131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation the Alzheimer brain response to 915 nm laser irradiation: Exploring power levels, laser configurations, temperature, and dosages for effective photobiomodulation therapy","authors":"Shima Mahdy ,&nbsp;Hala S. Abuelmakarem","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105860","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105860","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alzheimer’s disease (AD)−a progressive neurodegenerative disorder−affects millions of individuals worldwide. This study evaluates the effect of power variation in brain Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy using a wavelength of 915 nm. This study evaluates the continuous wave (CW) and pulsed wave (PW) modes of laser irradiation using varying numbers of point laser sources (2, 4, and 9) distributed across the head. The pulse wave features include a frequency of 100 Hz, a duty cycle of 50 %, and variable average power levels of 10, 20, 25, 50, and 100 mW. The primary simulation conditions of the brain surface temperature and room temperature were set to 37 °C and 24 °C, respectively. The evaluation was performed by calculating the Pennes bioheat equation to determine the time-dependent tissue temperature response during laser irradiation. Power doses were also calculated after determining each layer’s fluence rate and total energy flux. The results indicate that using two, four, or nine laser sources with an average power of 10 mW is suitable for brain PBM therapy. The three laser configurations achieve sufficient energy flux distribution in the brain (GM, WM) while maintaining the skin temperature at 37 °C at lower power levels. This research confirms that two laser sources (915 nm) deliver the required therapeutic dose across the head for Alzheimer’s patients without causing thermal side effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 105860"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143826466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on anti-infrared/millimeter wave smoke material and its attenuation performance","authors":"Yin-Chiung Chang ,&nbsp;Kuo-Hui Wu ,&nbsp;Wen-Chien Huang ,&nbsp;Tsung-Han Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105852","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105852","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A composite based on magnetic iron particles and expanded graphite was prepared by thermal combustion and blending methods. Far infrared (8–14 μm) and 8 mm (35 GHz) millimeter wave were selected as attenuation objects. The attenuation performance of magnetic expanded graphite (MEG) composites on infrared/millimeter wave (IR/MMW) was tested by static tests using rubber specimens and dynamic tests by using MEG composites in smoke box. The effects of structure, media material type (carbonyl iron powder and Fe₃O₄) and weight ratio on the IR/MMW attenuation performance of MEG composites were also studied. The experimental results show that the attenuation ratio of MEG composites to IR/MMW in film is 80.3–87.0 %/93.0–99.6 %, respectively. In addition, MEG composites are used as smoke materials for smoke bomb and sprayed into the air to cover a target. As a result, the surface temperature of the target dropped significantly from 79.5 °C to 34.5 °C. The results show that MEG composites have excellent IR and MMW interference capabilities, and can be used as a new material for anti-IR/MMW smoke material.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 105852"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143823979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wavelet transform based post processing approach for pulse compression favourable frequency modulated thermal wave imaging for non-destructive testing and evaluation","authors":"Priyanka Das ,&nbsp;Vanita Arora ,&nbsp;Ravibabu Mulaveesala","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105843","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105843","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>InfraRed Thermography (IRT) for Non-Destructive Testing and Evaluation (NDT&amp;E) is used across various industries to inspect components and structures to detect and identify the hidden defects in them. Since Thermal NDT&amp;E (TNDT&amp;E) captures the surface conditions remotely within a reasonable time, several inspection and predictive maintenance programs have employed challenging traditional computer vision algorithms to detect surface and subsurface defects in various materials. In this work, a Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) sample having artificially simulated flat-bottom holes at various depths was examined with the Frequency Modulated Thermal Wave Imaging (FMTWI) technique. The thermal data acquired using FMTWI for the sample contains various environmental and experimentally generated noises. Principal Component Thermography (PCT) using Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) has been carried out to qualitatively enhance the spatial thermal contrast that simultaneously provides temporal thermal profiles with reduced dynamic range. Pulse Compression on the obtained PCT sequence using the cross-correlation approach improves the range resolution of the subsurface defects. Wavelet transforms like Haar, Mexican Hat, and Morlet are applied to the frames within the half-width region of the main lobe in pulse-compressed signal to study their effect on defect detection capabilities and visualize the Region of Interest (RoI), specifically the circular defect region within the material. The novel thermal pattern enhancement method extends IRT-based Automated Defect Recognition (ADR) for more precise defect-detection and localization particularly for GFRP structures, which are mostly used in aerospace and shipbuilding industries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 105843"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143826465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Denoising diffusion based infrared and visible image fusion with transformer","authors":"YuXuan Chen ,&nbsp;Gang Liu ,&nbsp;MengLiang Xing ,&nbsp;KaiXin Li ,&nbsp;Gang Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105834","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105834","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Infrared-visible image fusion (IVF) aims to combine the complementary information from infrared and visible images. In the field of image fusion, generative adversarial networks (GANs) have achieved promising results. However, the issues of unstable training and mode collapse remain challenging to resolve. Therefore, we propose a novel IVF method based on a diffusion model combined with fusion knowledge priors, termed DDFT. DDFT is divided into two parts, a pre-fusion module and a diffusion model. Specifically, it first obtains images containing the prior distribution of the fusion task through a pre-fusion module. Subsequently, the forward diffusion process gradually removes distinguishable features from the output of the pre-fusion module, The reverse diffusion process learns the fusion knowledge prior distribution and leverages a Transformer module to capture global features, generating high-quality fused images. Comparative experiments demonstrate that DDFT excels in IVF tasks, especially in preserving weak textures. Generalization experiments illustrate that DDFT preserves image features in both simple and complex environments. Ablation experiments further validated the crucial role of the fusion prior information obtained through pre-fusion in DDFT. Compared to existing diffusion models that are only used as feature extractors or with fixed parameters, DDFT is the first to achieve an end-to-end trainable diffusion framework for directly generating fused images.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 105834"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143820377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infrared small target detection based on multi-directionality and sparse low-rank recovery","authors":"Heng Sun ,&nbsp;Sheng Guo ,&nbsp;Xiangzhi Bai","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105828","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105828","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Infrared small target detection plays an important role in diverse fields, while complex backgrounds make it hard to identify targets accurately. In this paper, we propose a novel method to handle the impact of complex backgrounds. First, we analyze the infrared small target images and model this task as a constrained optimization problem by utilizing the sparsity and multi-directional intensity spread of target images, the self-similarity of background images. By modeling the characteristics of images, mathematical constraints are proposed to enhance targets. Second, we propose Multi-directionality and Sparse Low-rank Recovery (MDLR) method. On the basis of Principal Component Analysis, the algorithm considers characteristics of infrared small target images to detect targets accurately. Finally, we solve the proposed optimization objective function by alternating direction method of multipliers. Comprehensive evaluations on real data sets show that MDLR achieves a balance detection performance of target enhancement, background suppression and computational efficiency in complex backgrounds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 105828"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143799525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of complex permittivity with band-spliced electronic terahertz technology and the application on paraffin embedded lung cancer samples","authors":"Bingyang Zhang ,&nbsp;Bin Wang ,&nbsp;Jianqin Deng ,&nbsp;Xiaolin Liang ,&nbsp;Guoqing Wang ,&nbsp;Muzhi Gao ,&nbsp;Huimin Wang ,&nbsp;Chuan Li ,&nbsp;Zhuang Yu ,&nbsp;Huanting Li ,&nbsp;Yan Li ,&nbsp;Yu Gui","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105840","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105840","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Histopathological cancer diagnosis conventionally relies on the examination of paraffin-embedded tissues. Terahertz (THz) technology has emerged as a promising avenue for expediting cancer diagnosis. This study focuses on evaluating the complex permittivity of lung cancer tissues in comparison to <em>para</em>-carcinoma tissues embedded in paraffin, utilizing electronic THz technology. The frequency range covers 0.11–1.1 THz, encompassing six independent bands spatially spliced together. The sample’s surface was meticulously flattened, and the scattering parameter matrix underwent thorough processing prior to permittivity inversion. Additionally, a specially designed sample fixture is implemented to enhance test accuracy. The empirical findings elucidate a consistent trend wherein the real part of the permittivity of each cancer tissue surpasses that of its corresponding <em>para</em>-carcinoma tissue. This pattern holds true across diverse types and locations of lung cancer sources. The deleterious impact of water-induced absorption of THz waves is mitigated through paraffin filling in tissue pores. Consequently, this reveals the nuanced influence of compositional and microstructural disparities between cancer and <em>para</em>-carcinoma tissues. The cancerous lesion induces alterations in the types and content of amino acids within the tissue samples. Leveraging the effective medium theory model to fit the permittivity spectra allows for a comprehensive representation of these discernible differences.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 105840"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143843485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infrared multi-detector non-uniformity images simulation method","authors":"Lun Wang ,&nbsp;Jinmei Zhou ,&nbsp;Sheng Liao ,&nbsp;Sujun Li ,&nbsp;Yu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105829","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105829","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the rapid development of aerospace technology, there is an increasing demand for wide-field, high-resolution infrared detector systems. The focal plane size has evolved from centimeters to sub-meters, and the size of a single detector cannot meet the requirements. Consequently, the inevitable trend is the mosaic integration of multiple detectors. Research on image processing associated with multi-detector mosaicking necessitates obtaining raw images from as many detectors as possible. However, due to cost constrains, it is crucial to simulate a large number of images based on a limited amount of detector image data. This paper improves upon existing methods for simulating the original images of single detectors. By establishing correlations between the model coefficients of pixel response functions, the simulation of single detector images closely aligns with real data compared to existing methods. Simultaneously, the arrangement characteristics of readout circuit channels are considered during parameter generation, resulting in simulated images that visually resemble real images more closely. Furthermore, this paper proposes a method for simulating original images of an arbitrary number of detectors based on the analysis of real data from a limited number of detectors of the same batch. The method generates multi-detector images that closely match the magnitudes, trends and ranges of real data in terms of mean, std (standard deviation), and non-uniformity. Additionally, the visual perception of these images closely resembles that of real multi-detector scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 105829"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143820376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Hyperspectral image classification through transformer-based contextualization and novel logarithmic convolutional techniques","authors":"Vinod Kumar ,&nbsp;Ravi Shankar Singh ,&nbsp;Nitika Nigam ,&nbsp;Kenny Patel ,&nbsp;Sobi Jain","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105826","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105826","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hyperspectral image (HSI) classification is essential in remote sensing and geospatial analysis, particularly for precise land-cover classification. This technique offers detailed spectral information, which allows for the accurate identification and differentiation of various materials and surface types. Recently, there has been a shift towards employing DL techniques to enhance HSI classification. Notably, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have significantly improved the extraction and analysis of local features, leading to better classification accuracy. However, traditional CNNs face challenges in capturing long-range dependencies and global contextual information within HSI data, which can hinder classification performance. Additionally, these networks tend to be computationally expensive in terms of model parameters and training requirements. To address these limitations, this paper proposes a novel lightweight framework that integrates local and global features while capturing long-range dependencies for enhanced HSI classification. Our approach begins with a combination of novel logarithmic-based 3D and 2D group convolutions to extract correlated spectral–spatial features from the HSI data and address the issues of computational cost and model complexity. To enhance spatial positional encoding and semantic feature mapping, we introduce the Spatial-Context Patch Embedding (SCPE) approach, which improves spatial correlation between patches and reduces complexity. Our novel Spatial Contextual Sine–Cosine Positional Embedding (<span><math><mrow><msup><mrow><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>S</mi><mi>C</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mi>P</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>E</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>b</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>d</mi></mrow></math></span>) consists of two components: the Global Sine–Cosine Position Embedding (GSCPosEmbed) and the Spatial Contextual Position Embedding (SCPosEmbed). This module captures detailed positional information, improving the representation of spatial features in HSI. Finally, we capture the long-term dependencies of spectral and spatial information through the incorporation of a vision Transformer. We evaluate our proposed framework on four publicly available datasets and compare its performance against state-of-the-art methods. The experimental results highlight the superior performance of our model in HSI classification tasks, demonstrating its effectiveness in capturing both local and global features while maintaining computational efficiency. Our framework represents a promising advancement in HSI analysis, offering improved classification accuracy and broader applicability across various domains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"147 ","pages":"Article 105826"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}