Infrared Physics & Technology最新文献

{"title":"Multi-layer and multi-scale feature fusion deep image segmentation network: an advanced approach for hot-spot defect segmentation in photovoltaic modules","authors":"Wei Zheng,&nbsp;Cancan Yi,&nbsp;Han Xiao,&nbsp;Tao Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106115","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106115","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the rapid development of the photovoltaic (PV) power generation industry, the operation and maintenance (O&amp;M) issues of PV modules have attracted increasing attention. Among these, hot-spot faults stand out as a critical concern due to their adverse effects on power generation efficiency and safety. Traditional object detection methods can identify hotspots in PV modules. However, they exhibit limitations in detecting small target edges and accurately segmenting multi-scale hotspots. To address this issue, this paper proposes a deep image segmentation network based on multi-layer and multi-scale feature fusion (M−MDNet). The model incorporates a multi-layer and multi-scale window attention feature extraction network (M−MWA), introduces an enhanced atrous spatial pyramid pooling module (ASPP*), and integrates a mixed-dimensional Spatial and Channel Squeeze-and-Excitation attention mechanism (scSE). Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed framework significantly enhances both boundary delineation capability and segmentation precision for photovoltaic module hotspots. Experiments were conducted on self-constructed datasets from an agrivoltaic power station in Hubei Province (HB_Data) and a floating photovoltaic power station in Jiangsu Province (JS_Data). The results indicate that the proposed M−MDNet outperforms mainstream segmentation models, achieving a mean Intersection over Union (mIoU) of 90.35% and an overall accuracy of 97.61%. Furthermore, the proposed model exhibits a reduced parameter count and computational complexity, thereby improving operational efficiency while maintaining high segmentation accuracy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 106115"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144925466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compact diode-pumped continuous-wave and passive Q-switched Tm:GdScO3 mixed sesquioxide crystal laser around 2.1 μm","authors":"Haopu Xu ,&nbsp;Xiao Cao ,&nbsp;Yuqian Zu ,&nbsp;Wudi Wang ,&nbsp;Haowei Yu ,&nbsp;Wenhui Ji ,&nbsp;Chun Li ,&nbsp;Syed Zaheer Ud Din ,&nbsp;Minzhe Liu ,&nbsp;Yongjing Wu ,&nbsp;Ruizhan Zhai ,&nbsp;Zhongqing Jia ,&nbsp;Qi Yang ,&nbsp;Jun Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106117","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106117","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solid-state lasers operating around 2.1 μm have attracted significant interest due to their important applications. However, the development of 2.1 μm solid-state lasers has been limited by the lack of efficient pump sources, as well as thermal effects induced by energy transfer within the gain media. Therefore, addressing these challenges is essential for advancing 2.1 μm solid-state lasers. Here, we report the 2.1 μm laser characteristics of a laser diode (LD)-pumped Tm:GdScO₃ mixed sesquioxide crystal operating on the ³F₄ → ³H₆ transitions, including both continuous-wave (CW) and passively Q-switched (PQS) operations. In the CW regime, an uncoated quartz plate is used as the intracavity etalon for wavelength selection. The laser achieves a maximum average output power of 1.68 W at 2104.7 nm, corresponding to a slope efficiency of 19.7 %. To investigate the short pulse laser performance, PQS of the Tm:GdScO₃ laser is realized using a Cr:ZnSe saturable absorber. The laser delivers a maximum average output power of 0.48 W at 2100.8 nm, producing pulses with a shortest duration of 1.48 μs at a repetition rate of 19.98 kHz. The research results indicate that Tm:GdScO₃ is a promising gain medium for solid-state lasers, offering a new paradigm for the development of compact and economically viable 2.1 μm laser sources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 106117"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144913133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A 10 kHz non-critical phase-matching 9.3–10.1 μm optical parametric oscillator based on BaGa4Se7 crystal","authors":"Xiaoxiao Hua ,&nbsp;Jinwen Tang ,&nbsp;Minglang Wu ,&nbsp;Wenhao Cheng ,&nbsp;Zhitai Zhou ,&nbsp;Baoquan Yao ,&nbsp;Wenlong Yin ,&nbsp;Heng Tu ,&nbsp;Wentian Wu ,&nbsp;Jiyong Yao ,&nbsp;Tongyu Dai ,&nbsp;Xiaoming Duan","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106096","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106096","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A 10 kHz non-critical phase matching (NCPM) optical parametric oscillator based on BaGa₄Se₇ crystal is demonstrated. By utilizing a dual-crystal cascade configuration, an average output power of 0.96 W at a wavelength of 9387 nm is achieved, with a slope efficiency of 5.73 %. In addition, the temperature-dependent wavelength-tuning characteristics of the BGSe crystal are systematically investigated. By decreasing the crystal temperature from 38 °C to 6 °C, an idler wavelength tuning range of 9387–10107 nm is achieved, corresponding to a central wavelength shift of 720 nm (22.5 nm/°C) and a linewidth variation of 40–60 nm. This study has unveiled the great potential of BGSe crystal in high power, high repetition rate long-wave infrared pulse generation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 106096"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144920265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The application of the MC-ACPSO algorithm in data fitting for a six-wavelength surface temperature measurement system","authors":"Haoyu Wu ,&nbsp;Sen Yang ,&nbsp;Wenjie Zhao ,&nbsp;Jingmin Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106109","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106109","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to improve the data fitting accuracy of the six-wavelength surface temperature measurement system, this paper proposes a data fitting method based on the multi-cluster collaborative adaptive chaotic particle swarm optimization (MC-ACPSO) algorithm. By introducing the multi-cluster collaboration mechanism, chaotic perturbation theory and adaptive parameter tuning strategy, the global search capability and convergence efficiency of the traditional particle swarm optimization (PSO) are enhanced, which in turn improves the fitting accuracy. The superiority of the new algorithm module over the standard PSO algorithm in terms of fitting performance is verified by ablation experiments. Comparison experiments of different fitting algorithms show that the MC-ACPSO algorithm has a coefficient of determination R² of 0.992 and a maximum absolute error of only 0.193, which can be improved by at least 89.86 % and 64.44 % compared with the traditional algorithms MSE and RMSE, respectively. This study provides an effective scheme for data fitting performance improvement of multi-wavelength surface temperature measurement system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 106109"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144908431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Herriott multi-pass cell for gas phase terahertz spectroscopy","authors":"Haoran Wang ,&nbsp;Yihao Li ,&nbsp;Shengji Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaojiao Deng ,&nbsp;Xiaoping Zheng ,&nbsp;Lijun Wei ,&nbsp;Yingquan Duo ,&nbsp;Sining Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106113","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106113","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Terahertz spectroscopy has emerged as an important technique for gas detection, however, its sensitivity in detecting specific gases remains inadequate, limiting its wider application. To address this issue, this paper presents a design methodology for a Herriott cell specifically optimised for the low THz frequency range. By using multiple reflections for focusing, this method overcomes the problem of large divergence angles of THz beams, effectively suppresses beam distortion, and maximises the optical path length, thereby significantly improving the detection sensitivity for trace gases. Based on this design, a Herriott cell suitable for the 260–400 GHz frequency range has been developed. A Herriott cell with a 3.3 m optical path was fabricated and a THz gas spectroscopy test system based on this cell was established. Experimental results show that the local noise of the THz spectra for pure trace gases is in the order of 10^-3, while the noise for the acetonitrile −air mixture is in the order of 10^-2. The system is capable of detecting pure acetonitrile and methanol gases at pressures below 0.0119 Pa and 0.0269 Pa, respectively, as well as acetonitrile at a partial pressure of 0.00935 in a 10 Pa acetonitrile/air mixture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 106113"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144916916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-pressure CO2 amplifier pumped by all-solid-state 2.76 μm laser","authors":"Zhenzhen Xie ,&nbsp;Ziming Wang ,&nbsp;Yu Liu ,&nbsp;Guochang Wang ,&nbsp;Yishen Hou ,&nbsp;Liemao Hu ,&nbsp;Changjun ke ,&nbsp;Zhiyong Li ,&nbsp;Rongqing Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106105","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106105","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multi-atmospheric CO₂ amplifier pumped by a 2.76 μm, ∼4.2 mJ ZnGeP₂ optical parametric oscillator with repeat frequency of 100 Hz is demonstrated to amplify long wave infrared lasers with ultra-short pulse width. The small-signal gain of the optically pumped CO₂ amplifier was investigated by adopting RF-excited CO₂ lasers as the seed lasers. The vibrational temperature T₃ corresponding to the asymmetric stretching mode of CO₂ and the translational temperature T were obtained by measuring the gain characteristics at the wavelength of 10.28 and 10.59 μm. The gain coefficient for the 10.59 μm laser is 1.36 %cm⁻¹. The maximum optical-to-optical energy conversion efficiency is 3.7 %. The maximal working pressure is 13.0 atm, correspondingly the gain bandwidth with 1.58 THz @10.5 μm. The results indicate that amplifying femtosecond 10 μm pulses in a multi-atmosphere optically pumped CO₂ active medium necessitates a joule-level 2.76 μm pump laser.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 106105"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144932525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-time arbitrary manipulation of soliton molecule spectra by a phase-modulated Mach-Zehnder interferometer","authors":"Shaokang Lei ,&nbsp;Heng Dong ,&nbsp;Xiankun Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106108","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106108","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Arbitrary manipulation of soliton molecule spectra constantly remains an extreme challenge in experiments. Here, we present a method for the real-time arbitrary manipulation of the soliton molecule spectra using a dynamically controllable Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI). Specifically, the relative phase and temporal separation of the soliton molecule can be simultaneously regulated through the integration of a phase modulator into one arm of the MZI. By programming the radio frequency signal to drive the phase modulator, we obtain various patterns of spectral oscillations. We further achieve arbitrary manipulation of the center wavelength at extremely small soliton separations. Our proposed experimental scheme successfully creates soliton molecules with preset temporal separations and relative phases, which provides a robust and effective method for the real-time arbitrary manipulation of soliton molecule.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 106108"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144902877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electronic properties of neutron-irradiated hexagonal boron nitride measured by terahertz magneto-optical experiment","authors":"Ali Farooq ,&nbsp;Wen Xu ,&nbsp;Zhu Wang ,&nbsp;Xingjia Cheng ,&nbsp;Altayeb Alshiply Abdalfrag Hamdalnile ,&nbsp;Lelin Liu ,&nbsp;Gaokui He ,&nbsp;Francois M. Peeters","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106111","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106111","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) has been proposed as an ideal material for solid-state neutron detector because of its exceptional and phenomenal physical properties such as having a large neutron scattering cross-section. Here we employ the terahertz time-domain spectroscopy to study the magneto-optical (MO) properties of neutron-irradiated pyrolytic boron nitride in magnetic field regime from 0 to 8T at a fixed temperature of 80 K. Applying the optical polarization tests in the Faraday geometry, we measure the real and imaginary parts of the left- and right-handed circularly polarized dynamic dielectric function <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>∊</mi><mo>±</mo></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>ω</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> and MO conductivities <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>σ</mi><mo>±</mo></msub><mfenced><mrow><mi>ω</mi></mrow></mfenced></mrow></math></span> for hBN samples irradiated by neutrons with different fluences. By fitting our experimental results with the theoretical formulas for <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>∊</mi><mo>±</mo></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>ω</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>σ</mi><mo>±</mo></msub><mfenced><mrow><mi>ω</mi></mrow></mfenced></mrow></math></span> of an electronic gas, we can determine magneto-optically the basic electronic parameters of neutron-irradiated hBN such as the static dielectric constant <span><math><msub><mi>ε</mi><mi>b</mi></msub></math></span>, the carrier density <em>n</em>, the carrier relaxation time <span><math><mi>τ</mi></math></span>, the photon-induced electronic localization factor <span><math><mi>α</mi></math></span>, and the effective carrier mass <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>∗</mo></mrow></msup></math></span>. The effects of neutron irradiation and the magnetic field B on these parameters are examined and analyzed. We find that the MO conductivities for neutron-irradiated hBN can be reproduced by the MO Drude-Smith formula. We show that the presence of a B-field can result in larger <span><math><msub><mi>ε</mi><mi>b</mi></msub></math></span> and <span><math><mi>τ</mi></math></span>, smaller <em>n</em> and <span><math><mi>α</mi></math></span>, and heavier <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>∗</mo></mrow></msup></math></span>. The outcomes of this study can provide valuable insights into the basic electronic and optoelectronic properties of neutron-irradiated hBN.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 106111"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144908433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glass-forming region of TeO2-BaF2-Y2O3 system and 2.7 μm emission of the optimal composition co-doped with Er3+/Ag nanoparticles","authors":"Shengjing Qiu ,&nbsp;Ying Tian ,&nbsp;Tingyang Chen ,&nbsp;Di Liu ,&nbsp;Shiqing Xu ,&nbsp;Liaolin Zhang ,&nbsp;Junjie Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106104","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106104","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a series of TeO₂-BaF₂-Y₂O₃ (TBY) fluorotellurite glasses were prepared, and the glass forming region (GFR) of the TBY system was determined. We systematically investigate the impact of varying BaF₂ content on the glass forming ability, structural characteristics, and thermal stability. To enhance the mid-infrared fluorescence at 2.7 μm from Er³⁺ ions, silver nanoparticles (NPs) were introduced into Er³⁺-doped TBY glass by incorporating AgCl powder. The experimental results demonstrate that that an optimal AgCl content of 0.5 mol% significantly boosts the luminescence intensity of Er³⁺ at 2.7 μm by approximately 51 %, while extending the fluorescence lifetime from 0.418 ms to 0.64 ms. Furthermore, the quantum efficiency of the Er³⁺: ⁴I_11/2 → ⁴I_13/2 transition is enhanced from 13.9 % to 22.1 %. The maximum absorption and emission cross-sections near 2.7 μm for the Er³⁺/Ag NPs co-doped TBY glass were 6.20 × 10⁻²¹ cm² and 7.16 × 10⁻²¹ cm², respectively. The above results indicate that Er³⁺/Ag NPs co-doped TBY glasses possess strong potential for applications in mid-infrared fiber and laser technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 106104"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144895315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spherical LPFG high-sensitivity strain sensor based on V-shaped fiber core","authors":"Yong Wei ,&nbsp;Haoyang Xiang ,&nbsp;Chunlan Liu ,&nbsp;Songquan Li ,&nbsp;Qian Yang ,&nbsp;Puxi Ren ,&nbsp;Minghui Yang ,&nbsp;Yu Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhihai Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106106","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106106","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Compared with the weak refractive index modulation type long-period fiber grating (LPFG) , the strong refractive index modulation type LPFG proposed in recent years can effectively reduce the length of the sensing area, but has the disadvantage of low sensitivity. This article proposes a spherical strong refractive index modulation LPFG (SP-LPFG) based on a V-shaped fiber core to achieve high-sensitivity strain sensing. CO₂ laser is used to etch V-grooves on single-mode fiber, and fiber balls are fabricated at the V-grooves using a fusion splicer to form a spherical structure with V-shaped fiber core. The light inside the fiber core will directly enter the cladding in the middle of the V-shaped fiber core for transmission, achieving strong refractive index modulation. Because of the large diameter of the fiber spherical region, the strain is concentrated in the straight fiber region when subjected to strain, resulting in a much larger length change in the non-refractive index modulation region than in the refractive index modulation region. This changes the duty cycle of the strong refractive index modulation region, changes the effective refractive index modulation depth, introduces additional resonant wavelength shift, and achieves strain sensitivity enhancement. The findings of the experiment demonstrate that the SP-LPFG features a compact sensing area with a length of merely 2.88 mm. Additionally, it exhibits an impressive strain sensitivity of 57.1 pm/µε. Moreover, its temperature cross sensitivity is remarkably low, registering at just 0.702 µε/℃. The proposed SP-LPFG provides a novel approach to improving the sensitivity of strong refractive index modulated LPFG strain sensor, which can be integrated into precision structure for strain detection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 106106"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144902876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}