Infrared Physics & Technology最新文献

{"title":"Strong green upconversion luminescence of rare earth Yb3+/Er3+ co-doped Ca3(VO4)2 phosphor for optical sensing","authors":"Ping Wang,&nbsp;Bin Duan,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Fan,&nbsp;Min Luo,&nbsp;Liming Tang,&nbsp;Changchun Ding,&nbsp;Tong Liu,&nbsp;Wei Jin,&nbsp;Junshan Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105881","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105881","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel upconversion phosphor, Ca₃(VO₄)₂ co-doped with Yb³⁺ and Er³⁺, was successfully synthesized via a high-temperature solid-state method. Under 980 nm near-infrared excitation, this material exhibits remarkable upconversion luminescence, with intense green emissions at 527 nm and 550 nm, and a weaker red emission at 657 nm. The optimal doping concentrations were determined to be 0.03 for Yb³⁺ and 0.005 for Er³⁺, enabling maximum luminescent efficiency. Spectroscopic investigations including upconversion photoluminescence, excitation, and emission spectra confirmed that the upconversion follows a distinct energy transfer mechanism: Yb³⁺ (²F_5/2) + Er³⁺ (⁴I_11/2) → Yb³⁺ (²F_7/2) + Er³⁺ (⁴F_7/2). In addition to its excellent luminescent properties, the Ca₃(VO₄)₂: 0.03Yb³⁺/0.005Er³⁺ phosphor exhibits reliable optical thermal sensitivity over a wide temperature range (298–673 K), with a peak relative sensitivity of 1.11 % K⁻¹ at 298 K. These outstanding optical characteristics make Ca₃(VO₄)₂: 0.03Yb³⁺/0.005Er³⁺ a promising candidate for display and lighting technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 105881"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143856071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-performance Te terahertz detector based on Au nanofilm microcavity","authors":"Shifang Wu ,&nbsp;Xiong Zhang ,&nbsp;Yiwen Sun ,&nbsp;Zhimin Liu ,&nbsp;Changwen Xv ,&nbsp;Peiguang Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105853","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105853","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In terahertz system, terahertz detector is one of the core devices that directly affect the system’s performance. At present, the development of terahertz detector with high sensitivity, fast response speed, and simple structure for easy integration is still a research hotspot. In this paper, a high-efficiency and low-cost magnetron sputtering method is used to grow large-area Au nanofilm and Weyl semiconductor Te film. The photon absorption of the semiconductor material Te is significantly enhanced by introducing Au nanofilm as an optical resonance cavity in the bottom layer, which is combined with a sub-wavelength-structured grating electrode and the introduction of a localized surface plasmon (LSP) effect, to fabricate a metal-topological semiconductor–metal structure of large-area terahertz detector successfully. The device breaks through the limitation of material bandgap and can achieve high-sensitivity detection of terahertz wave. Under light irradiation at a frequency of 0.1 THz, the responsivity is 4.71 A/W, the noise equivalent power NEP is 15.6 pW Hz^−1/2, and the specific detectivity D* is 7.86 × 10⁹ cm Hz^1/2 W⁻¹. This work provides an effective way to achieve high-sensitivity, large-area detection of terahertz wave.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 105853"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143864771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"All-fiber mid-infrared supercontinuum generation with high coherence in chalcogenide fiber pumped by 2.8 µm Raman femtosecond solitons","authors":"Chunyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Jian Song ,&nbsp;Zhilin Zhang ,&nbsp;Kai Xia ,&nbsp;Zibo Wei ,&nbsp;Meng Lv ,&nbsp;Chao Mei ,&nbsp;PeiLong Yang ,&nbsp;Xuefeng Peng ,&nbsp;Peipeng Xu ,&nbsp;Shixun Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105882","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105882","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present an all-fiber mid-infrared supercontinuum (MIR-SC) generation in As₂S₃ chalcogenide glass fiber, powered by a 2.8 µm femtosecond laser generated through the soliton self-frequency shift (SSFS) effect in fluoride fiber. To ensure high-quality femtosecond laser pulse production, we thoroughly investigated the SSFS effect in three types of fibers using 2.0 µm femtosecond laser as pump source. Ultimately, we obtained 2.8 µm soliton pulses with an average power of 241 mW, a conversion efficiency of 42.5 % and a peak power reaching 36.5 kW in an 8 m-long ZrF₄-BaF₂-LaF₃-AlF₃-NaF (ZBLAN) fiber. By injecting the 2.8 µm pulses into a segment of As₂S₃ fiber, where this wavelength situated rightly in the normal dispersion region of this fiber, a SC spanning from 1.83 to 4.0 µm was generated with excellent spectral flatness. Furthermore, we simulated the spectral evolution of the pulses in the As₂S₃ fiber, the simulation results showing strong agreement with experimental observations. The spectral coherence factor <span><math><mrow><msubsup><mrow><mo>|</mo><mi>g</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>12</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></msubsup><mrow><mo>|</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> was estimated close to 1 across the entire spectral range, indicating a good coherence of this SC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 105882"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143870728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication of high-aspect-ratio 5 μm ultra-small pitch indium bump arrays by vacuum thermal deposition under variable rate","authors":"Yang Si,&nbsp;ShunHu Yang,&nbsp;YuNa Shi,&nbsp;Wen Wang,&nbsp;YongLiang Li,&nbsp;QiongFang Wang,&nbsp;ChaoWei Yang,&nbsp;DaFan Zuo,&nbsp;YuanQing Feng,&nbsp;GuiQin Zhao,&nbsp;YanZhen Liu,&nbsp;XiangQian Wang,&nbsp;XiongJun Li,&nbsp;ShouZhang Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105869","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105869","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the pixel pitch of infrared focal plane detectors is scaled down to 5 μm, the vacuum thermal evaporation process for fabricating indium bumps for device flip-chip interconnects faces significant challenges. Simple control of the substrate temperature and deposition rate is insufficient to achieve the high aspect ratio and uniformity indium bumps because of the serious clogging issues. To address this problem, this work investigates the evolution of the volume and profile of the indium bumps fabricated under different deposition conditions, and proposes a dynamic deposition rate approach to maximize the aspect ratio growth rate of the indium bumps. This research enables the successful fabrication of 5 μm pitch indium bump arrays with aspect ratio of 0.92 for 5 μm-pitch indium bumps and 0.78 for 5 μm-pitch indium balls after reflowing. Furthermore, the influence of the under-bump metallization (UBM) size on the height of the reflowed indium balls produced by the high-aspect-ratio indium bumps fabricated using the dynamic deposition rate approach is investigated and analyzed using a spherical cap model. The deformation of large-array indium balls after flip-chip interconnection process also have been investigated and finally achieved an interconnection ratio greater than 99 %. This work lays the groundwork for the further development of ultra-small pixel infrared detectors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 105869"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143874391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"All-fiber pressure-adaptive CO2 concentration monitoring based on negative curvature anti-resonance hollow core fiber","authors":"Kaiyu Chai ,&nbsp;Yipeng Zheng ,&nbsp;Bo Hu ,&nbsp;Zihao Zhou ,&nbsp;Kaili Ren ,&nbsp;Dongdong Han ,&nbsp;Lipeng Zhu ,&nbsp;Yongkai Wang ,&nbsp;Lei Liang ,&nbsp;Linlin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105879","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105879","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Greenhouse gas detection is a key foundation for combating climate change and provides indispensable data support for scientific assessment of carbon emissions and their environmental impacts. In this study, an all-fiber pressure-adaptive gas concentration monitoring system based on tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy-wavelength modulation spectroscopy is presented. Within a negative curvature-anti-resonant hollow-core optical fiber, the system achieves simultaneous gas concentration detection and ambient pressure monitoring. A pressure compensation algorithm is implemented to dynamically compensate measured gas concentrations to standardized values at the target pressure under fluctuating ambient pressures. The method effectively suppresses concentration measurement instability induced by pressure fluctuations. Experimental results demonstrate a significant improvement: under 20 kPa pressure variations, the 1-h relative standard deviation of CO₂ concentration measurement is reduced from 3.60 % to 1.36 %. Simultaneously, the minimum detection limit is optimized from 121.4 ppm to 34.3 ppm at a 10-s integration time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 105879"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143855786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infrared radiation and energy evolution effects of coal rock under hydrodynamic coupling","authors":"Guanghui Cao ,&nbsp;Liqiang Ma ,&nbsp;Wei Liu ,&nbsp;Qiangqiang Gao ,&nbsp;Naseer Muhammad Khan ,&nbsp;Arienkhe Endurance Osemudiamhen ,&nbsp;Zezhou Guo ,&nbsp;Kunpeng Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105877","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105877","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Given the escalating issues of water intrusion in underground engineering, there is an urgent need for predictive warning systems regarding water-related disasters. This paper investigates the infrared radiation and energy evolution effects of coal-rock under hydromechanical coupling conditions through laboratory experiments, aiming to anticipate water outbursts resulting from the fracturing of coal-rock. Red sandstone specimens containing internal cavities with a diameter of 50 mm and a depth of 60 mm were subjected to water pressure of 0 MPa, 0.2 MPa, 0.4 MPa, and 0.6 MPa, applied internally via a hydraulic pump, while uniaxial loading was conducted in the vertical direction. This study analyzed the characteristics of Stress-Strain behavior, Energy evolution, Average Infrared Radiation Temperature (AIRT), and Variance of Successive Minus Infrared Image Temperature (VSMIT) during the rock failure and subsequent water outburst events. In addition, a novel indicator, the Pixel Standard Deviation of temperature (PSD), is introduced for enhanced assessment of these phenomena. The results indicate that water pressure significantly reduces the uniaxial compressive strength of the rock, with a decrease of 37.09 % observed at 0.6 MPa compared to 0 MPa. The ratio of elastic energy to dissipated energy (K_ED) evolves over time in a manner reminiscent of a peak shape, with distinct maxima that may serve as precursors to rock failure and water outbursts. The variations in the AIRT curve exhibit a high degree of consistency with those of the stress curve; specifically, as water pressure increases, the amplitude of AIRT fluctuations diminishes. At the moment of peak stress, the VSMIT experiences abrupt pulse changes, and the frequency of these VSMIT fluctuations is correlated with the occurrence of stress drop phenomena: an increase in the number of stress drop events corresponds to a greater number of VSMIT sudden changes. The PSD image stabilizes at approximately 70 % of the final failure time, at which point the proportions of stress at peak values under different water pressures are 67.76 % σ_p, 77.62 % σ_p, 81.54 % σ_p, and 53.69 % σ_p, respectively. Based on this, it can be utilized to predict the timing and morphology of coal and rock failure and water outbursts under varying water pressure conditions. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model is effective for predicting rock failure and water outbursts; the predictions related to stress–strain behavior and K_ED from the neural network closely align with actual results, suggesting that temporal and infrared indicators can serve as effective inputs in forecasting sandstone failure and associated water outbursts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 105877"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143855787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of γ-irradiation on the response nonlinearity in HgCdTe infrared detectors","authors":"Yue Hu ,&nbsp;Hui Qiao ,&nbsp;Xiaoyang Yang ,&nbsp;Fuhao Liu ,&nbsp;Ke Jiang ,&nbsp;Xintian Chen ,&nbsp;Xiangyang Li ,&nbsp;Qiang Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105870","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105870","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work investigates the impact of γ-irradiation on the response nonlinearity in mercury cadmium telluride (HgCdTe) photovoltaic detectors. A dual-aperture test system with ± 1 % measurement uncertainty is assembled to quantify response nonlinearity over a wide dynamic range of photon irradiance at different doses of γ-irradiation. The results demonstrate that, at high photon irradiance displacement damage induced by γ-irradiation will reduce the minority carrier lifetime, potentially leading to a significant increase in response nonlinearity. At a total dose of 40 krad (Si), the response nonlinearity of some detectors increases about 20 %. Additionally, results show that dark current and spectral response remain unaffected during the shift testing, while the series resistance increases and the detectivity slightly decreases for some devices. In particular, γ-irradiation is observed to have a more substantial impact on long-wavelength detectors. Annealing treatments after irradiation heals majority of these performances. In contrast to conventional measurements to blackbody responsivity, response nonlinearity amplifies subtle signal variations caused by low-dose γ-irradiation, significantly enhancing the experimental precision and sensitivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 105870"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143858825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Near-infrared vascular image segmentation using multi-stage enhancement and TAU-Net","authors":"Zhen Tian ,&nbsp;Haoting Liu ,&nbsp;Qianru Ji ,&nbsp;Song Wang ,&nbsp;Qing Li ,&nbsp;Dewei Yi ,&nbsp;Xintao Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105875","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105875","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Near-infrared optical imaging technology provides a non-invasive solution for visualization and monitoring of subcutaneous vascular structures. In order to solve the problems of low vascular image quality and inefficient and inaccurate manual segmentation, we propose a complete set of image processing methods. First, the blood vessel images are preprocessed by the background removal, Gaussian filtering, and contrast stretching. Then the image details are enhanced by a multi-stage enhancement method, which combines the Residual Convolutional AutoEncoder (RCAE) and Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) to effectively improve the contrast between vascular region and other tissue regions. Finally, the images are segmented by our Triplet Attention U-Net (TAU-Net) model, which improves the efficiency and performance of attention mechanism. The TAU-Net introduces a triple attention module in U-Net for the first time, which strengthens the computational ability of spatial and channel attention models. The main segmentation head and auxiliary segmentation head are combined to improve the gradient information, promote the multi-scale learning of network. Numerous experimental results show that our model can flexibly process blood vessel images of various quality levels and distribution forms, and effectively segment their contours well.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 105875"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143877134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Random forest-assisted Raman spectroscopy and rapid detection of sweeteners","authors":"Yihan Ding ,&nbsp;Xuanpei He ,&nbsp;Rui Zhang ,&nbsp;Haotian Wu ,&nbsp;Yingaridi Bu","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105871","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105871","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Food safety is important for human healthand social stability. Of these, excessive using artificial sweeteners in food production will cause irreversible damage to the gastrointestinal tract. It is possible to accurately distinguish sweetener type in the food by using Raman spectroscopy. However, labeling the type generally relies on manual operations, which limits its application in rapid detection scenarios. This study introduced machine learning methods (Random Forest algorithm) into the data classification process of Raman detection that enables fast and efficient sweetener type detection. The results showed that the three sweeteners were identified with an accuracy of 1, 2 and 3. In addition, the detection process for the three sweeteners merely took 5–6 s. Considering the versatility of the methodology, this study provides a novel technological route for the rapid identification of ingredients in the food production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 105871"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143847777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MultiScale-enhanced detection network (MS-EDN) with dual encoder structure for infrared small target detection","authors":"Yanshu Jiang,&nbsp;Chi Cheng,&nbsp;Liwei Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105876","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105876","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Infrared small target detection is vital in military, security, and rescue operations. While deep learning has achieved remarkable progress in general detection frameworks, its application to infrared imagery remains constrained by intrinsic feature representation challenges. Existing methods are often affected by complex backgrounds, causing small targets to be overlooked, especially in low-contrast environments where detailed information is easily lost. This paper proposes a dual encoder network with multi-scale enhanced detection to address these challenges. One branch incorporates a feature residual enhancement module that combines a residual convolutional block attention module with a feature enhancement module for efficient feature extraction. The other branch integrates a dynamically parallelized patch-aware attention module and employs a multi-branch extraction strategy to capture information across various scales. The multi-scale dynamic fusion module in the neck layer enhances feature representation, facilitating accurate detection and localization of small targets. Additionally, soft pooling is used in the downsampling process to better preserve important features while reducing information loss. Extensive experiments on the SIRST dataset demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms existing approaches in effectiveness and robustness, effectively extracting small target information in complex backgrounds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 105876"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143847778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}