Infrared Physics & Technology最新文献

{"title":"Long wavelength InAs/InAsSb photodetector with electron and hole barriers","authors":"Ting Xue ,&nbsp;Jianliang Huang ,&nbsp;Yanhua Zhang ,&nbsp;Wenquan Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105861","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105861","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report on a long-wavelength InAs/InAsSb photodetector with electron and hole barriers. The as-grown sample exhibits very high structural quality. At 77 K, the 50% cutoff wavelength is <span><math><mrow><mn>8</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>67</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span>. The shot noise limited detectivity <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>D</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>⋆</mo></mrow></msup></math></span> is 1.09 × 10¹¹ cm<span><math><mrow><mi>⋅</mi><mspace></mspace><mi>H</mi><msup><mrow><mi>z</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>/W for the peak wavelength of <span><math><mrow><mn>7</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>42</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span> at 77 K and is 5.14 × 10¹⁰ cm<span><math><mrow><mi>⋅</mi><mspace></mspace><mi>H</mi><msup><mrow><mi>z</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>/W for the peak wavelength of <span><math><mrow><mn>7</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>46</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span> at 100 K. The device can work up to 120 K.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 105861"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143883134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of As flux on the micro-structures and dark current of InAs/InAsSb superlattice-based infrared detectors","authors":"H.X. Yin,&nbsp;J. Zhang,&nbsp;Ch. Chang,&nbsp;Zh. Jiang,&nbsp;G.R. Deng,&nbsp;J. Yang,&nbsp;X.C. Zhou,&nbsp;J.C. Kong,&nbsp;W. Lei,&nbsp;R.B. Ji","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105885","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105885","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, we present a study on the influence of As/In flux ratio during the molecular beam epitaxy growth on the material quality and thus dark current density of the InAs/InAsSb superlattice-based mid-wave infrared detectors. It was observed that a proper As/In flux ratio is essential to achieving higher material quality and thus lower dark current density for InAs/InAsSb superlattice-based detectors. It is also found that a smaller pixel size, a lower reverse bias and a lower operating temperature are essential for achieving a lower dark current density. The dark current of the InAs/InAsSb superlattice detectors grown with an optimized As/In ratio (e.g. 10 in this work) is dominated by diffusion current for the temperature range of 150–270 K, and tunneling current for the temperature range of 90–150 K. The absence of defect-related Shockley-Read-Hall dark current mechanism results in the ultra-low dark current density (2.53 × 10⁻⁶ A/cm²) and excellent device performance observed at 150 K in terms of a responsivity of 1.71 A/W, and a detectivity of 8.22 × 10¹¹ cm·Hz^1/2/W. Such excellent detector performance at 150 K suggests their great potential for high performance sensing and imaging applications at 150 K.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 105885"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ISSLDIA: Internal structure self-learning and low-dimensional image assistance for single hyperspectral image super-resolution","authors":"Cong Liu,&nbsp;Jinhao Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105859","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105859","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The single hyperspectral image super-resolution (HSI-SR) plays an important role in enhancing the spatial resolution of HSIs by only using their corresponding low-resolution hyperspectral images (LR-HSI). Most single HSI-SR methods have achieved great success recently and can be simply divided into learning-based and model-based methods. However, because of the difficulty of obtaining sufficient and identically distributed trainable HSIs, the former usually cut a portion of LR-HSIs and assumes that the corresponding high-resolution hyperspectral images (HR-HSI) are known to learn a learning module, which is difficult to achieve in reality. Although the latter do not require the training phase, they will inevitably influence the reconstruction accuracy because of the absence of a training phase. In this paper, we propose an internal structure self-learning low-dimensional image assistance (ISSLDIA) HSI-SR method by fully capturing the internal structure of LR-HSIs and similar low-dimensional images to reconstruct HR-HSIs. First, because the LR-HSI and HR-HSI contain complete spectral information, that is, the spectral correlation information of the LR-HSI and HR-HSI are similar to each other, we can extract the spectral information of the LR-HSI to guide the spectral reconstruction of the HR-HSI. Second, although the trainable HR-HSIs are hard to require, the high-resolution low-dimensional images are relatively easy to require. Both of them have similar spatial structures in small patches. We can learn the spatial structures from these low-dimensional images to assist in the spatial structure reconstruction of HR-HSI. Third, the LR-HSI is the downsampled version of the HR-HSI. Similarly, we can also get the downsampled version of LR-HSI by using the same downsampled operator. The similarity relationship between the LR-HSI and the downsampled LR-HSI is similar to that between the HR-HSI and the LR-HSI. Hence, we used the learned similarity relationship to the reconstruction of the HR-HSI. Finally, we integrate the three modules to generate an HSI-SR module, which is optimized using the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). The experimental results on four HSI datasets show the superiority of the proposed method to some other traditional and advanced SR methods. The demo code can be found at <span><span>https://github.com/jinhaoRen/ISSLDIA</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 105859"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143874389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of thermal effects on wavefront distribution in a high-power laser processing head","authors":"Yehao Wu ,&nbsp;Wenwen Liu ,&nbsp;Peikai Luo ,&nbsp;Pengcheng Zheng ,&nbsp;Xiaowei Zhu ,&nbsp;Dehua Zhu ,&nbsp;Yu Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105890","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105890","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The intricate thermal phenomena including thermotropic deformation and thermal blooming effect inside the cavity of a twelve-kilowatt power laser processing head were thoroughly investigated using COMSOL Multiphysics software. By constructing the mapping relationship between the wavefront aberration/focal plane position maps of collimating and focusing lenses and the thermal effects, the influence laws on lens body/coating deformations and thermally induced deformations of the clamping mechanism for the lens surface temperature were achieved and visualized, as well as how these deformations further altered the beam quality and wavefront. Meanwhile, the experimental verification based on the Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor ensured the accuracy of the simulation results. In addition, it was also explored that controlling the gas flow rate in the cavity in the range of 0.13 m/s-0.15 m/s under a helium environment can effectively alleviate the focal plane shift caused by the thermal blooming effect. These findings are of practical significance for optimizing the processing quality of high-power laser, especially in controlling thermal effect.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 105890"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143886883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive review of infrared thermography and deep learning applications for solar photovoltaic systems","authors":"Aayush Khatri,&nbsp;Sachin Khadka,&nbsp;Nirjal Lamichhane,&nbsp;Ranjit Shrestha","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105878","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105878","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems are highly promising source of renewable energy for clean energy production and are likely to replace fossil fuels in the upcoming years. However, the output from PV systems is subjected to losses from various defects, including cracks, hot spots, defective modules, etc. Therefore, in order to keep the energy production from PV systems at its maximum level, regular inspection and monitoring techniques are necessary. Infrared Thermography (IRT) has emerged as a non-destructive diagnostic tool for detecting different types of defects associated with PV systems, while deep learning techniques have demonstrated exceptional capabilities in automating and refining defect identification. This review explores the integration of IRT and deep learning for PV system monitoring, highlighting recent advancements, methodologies, and applications. Initially, the review presents an overview of IRT and deep learning in the context of solar PV systems. Key contributions include a synthesis of state-of-the-art developments, offering a succinct summary of the main findings. Furthermore, the review discusses the challenges faced in combining IRT and deep learning for solar PV systems and explores potential future improvements for better evaluation and monitoring, which will ultimately help establish solar PV systems as a leading renewable energy source in the near future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 105878"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143874390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A 7 × 1 chalcogenide fiber combiner with high transmission efficiency for mid-infrared high power lasers","authors":"Le Xia ,&nbsp;Weisheng Xu ,&nbsp;Keke Chen ,&nbsp;Yuyang Wang ,&nbsp;Zheming Zhao ,&nbsp;Kai Jiao ,&nbsp;Rongping Wang ,&nbsp;Xunsi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105884","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105884","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fiber combining technology enables the merging of multiple mid-infrared lasers to achieve higher power outputs. However, detailed fabrication methods tailored for mid-infrared applications are rarely reported. In this study, we designed and fabricated a 7 × 1 fiber combiner using infrared chalcogenide glass and evaluated its performance for mid-infrared laser transmission. The fiber combiner consists of three main regions: the input fibers, the taper region, and the taper waist. When the taper ratio is 2 and the taper region length is 15 mm, the combiner demonstrates a uniform optical field distribution and achieves a simulated maximum transmission efficiency of 67.7 %. Experimental results confirmed the simultaneous superposition of laser power across different wavelengths, achieving watts-level output power at a 4.7 μm wavelength for the first time. To address the issue of high Fresnel losses caused by the high refractive index (n = 2.4) of chalcogenide glass at the input and output interfaces of the fiber, we applied a refractive index matching liquid to both ends of the fiber combiner. The average transmission efficiency per port reached 72.84 %, with a maximum transmission power of 2.48 W per single fiber. This advancement surpasses the milliwatt-level power limitations of previous mid-infrared fiber combiners, highlighting the potential of high-power chalcogenide fiber combiners in mid-infrared applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 105884"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143883191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single longitudinal mode Nd:YVO4 laser with mode selection based on pre-laser Q-switching and dual Fabry-Perot etalons","authors":"Xiaohua Xu,&nbsp;Shuang Wu,&nbsp;Xiaodai Yao,&nbsp;Meiyu Wang,&nbsp;Liwan Wu,&nbsp;Chang Gao,&nbsp;Hang Liu,&nbsp;Yongji Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105883","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105883","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lasers operating in a single longitudinal mode exhibit narrow spectral linewidths and excellent stability, making them highly valuable for practical applications in fields such as nonlinear optics, quantum computing, and gas detection. This paper reports a 1064 nm pulsed Nd:YVO₄ single longitudinal mode laser based on the combined mode selection of pre-laser Q-switching and dual Fabry-Perot (F-P) etalons. A rate equation model for combined mode selection is being established, and the particle number variation during the laser output process is being simulated. Pre-laser Q-switching mode selection experiments are conducted. Additionally, combined mode selection experiments integrating pre-laser Q-switching with dual F-P etalons are performed. In the combined mode selection experiment, a single longitudinal mode output at 1064.1 nm is obtained with a repetition frequency of 10 kHz, achieving a peak output power of 0.862 W. The laser exhibits a pulse duration of 36.03 ns and a spectral linewidth of 58.5 MHz. The findings from the experiment align well with the outcomes predicted by the simulation. This provides a stable, low-cost and easy-to-operate technical solution for future research on single longitudinal mode lasers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 105883"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143874388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infrared and visible image fusion network based on spatial-frequency domain cross-learning","authors":"Haode Shi,&nbsp;Hongyu Chu,&nbsp;Yanhua Shao,&nbsp;XiaoQiang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105854","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105854","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The goal of infrared and visible image fusion is to combine complementary information from source images to generate fused images with high contrast, which can highlight salient targets while preserving rich texture details. Most deep learning-based fusion methods focus solely on the spatial domain, neglecting valuable frequency domain information. Furthermore, existing spatial-frequency fusion networks fail to fully exploit the advantages of both domains, resulting in limited fusion performance. To address this challenge, we propose a Spatial-Frequency Domain Cross-Learning Network (SFCFusion) for infrared and visible image fusion. Specifically, we have designed a frequency-domain learning branch that captures global feature information in the Fourier space, thereby more effectively preserving the global consistency of the source images. Additionally, we develop a spatial branch to extract local detail features and propose a Multi-scale Selective Enhancement Module (MSEM). Finally, when bridging the frequency and spatial branches, we observe that the feature information extracted from these two branches are complementary. To leverage this property, we design a Frequency-Spatial Cross-Guidance Module (FSCGM). This module employs a bidirectional guidance learning strategy to integrate critical information from both domains into each branch, thereby enhancing the quality of fused images. Extensive experiments on public datasets demonstrate that our method achieves significant advantages in terms of key fusion performance metrics and visual quality. It also exhibits robust performance in downstream detection tasks. Our code is available at <span><span>https://github.com/HaodeShi/SFCFusion</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 105854"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143870559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Timing jitter reduction of the sub-nanosecond Nd:YAG/Cr:YAG microchip laser via external optical triggering","authors":"Jing Chi,&nbsp;Kai Zhong,&nbsp;Fangjie Li,&nbsp;Hongzhan Qiao,&nbsp;Tong Wu,&nbsp;Yue Sun,&nbsp;Yizhe Zheng,&nbsp;Yuxin Liu,&nbsp;Kai Chen,&nbsp;Jining Li,&nbsp;Degang Xu,&nbsp;Jianquan Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105886","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105886","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A scheme to improve the temporal pulse stability of the passively Q-switched (PQS) sub-nanosecond Nd:YAG/Cr:YAG microchip laser was designed. By injection nanosecond laser pulses into the saturable absorber (SA) of the composite crystal, the SA is bleached compulsively to trigger the PQS laser and realize “optical synchronization”. As a result, the PQS sub-nanosecond laser pulses are locked to the injected pulses temporally and the timing jitter is greatly suppressed. In this work, the timing jitter of the PQS sub-nanosecond laser pulses was reduced from 561.2 ns to 344 ps using the nanosecond laser pulse as the reference signal, improved by over 1600 times, while the required pulse energy was merely at the level of 100 μJ. Based on the rate equations, a timing jitter model of the PQS laser was established by introducing random disturbance and injected photon number density, which could depict the temporal behavior and contributing factors. The dynamic process of locking the sub-nanosecond laser pulses was discussed by varying the injecting pulse energy, triggering time and peak pump power, with consistent theoretical and experimental results. It was also found that the pulse waveform, output power stability and beam quality benefit from optical triggering. This simple and efficient scheme of timing-jitter reduction lays the foundation for high-performance sub-nanosecond lasers, which is of great importance in high-precision ranging and lidar systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 105886"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143876524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on 2.7 μm and 4.0 μm dual-wavelength optical parametric oscillator based on periodic cascade MgO:PPLN","authors":"Erxian Xing,&nbsp;Xiaodai Yao,&nbsp;Chengcheng Chang,&nbsp;Yue Zhao,&nbsp;Zijian Wang,&nbsp;Yongji Yu,&nbsp;Guangyong Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105887","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105887","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A mid-infrared dual-wavelength optical parametric oscillator using a double-ended Yb-doped fiber-pumped double-period cascaded MgO:PPLN is reported. By optimizing the crystal’s effective gain length and adjusting the dual-end pump power, dual-wavelength mid-infrared laser outputs of 2.12 W at 2.7 μm and 1.87 W at 4.0 μm were obtained with pump powers of 14.21 W and 15.87 W from the 1064 nm fiber laser. The effects of gain competition in multi-parameter oscillation were effectively mitigated, enabling dual-wavelength mid-infrared synchronous resonance and reducing the power difference from 0.635 W to 0.25 W. The corresponding conversion efficiencies were 14.9 % and 11.7 %, with pulse widths of 55.39 ns and 40.24 ns, and output power stabilities of 3.16 % and 3.58 %, respectively. By adjusting the temperature of the cascaded crystal between 25 °C and 105 °C, tunable mid-infrared laser outputs with wavelengths ranging from 2477.6 to 2705.6 nm and from 3918.4 to 4006.3 nm were achieved, with corresponding tuning bandwidths of 228 nm and 87.9 nm, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 105887"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143877135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}