Infrared Physics & Technology最新文献

{"title":"Complementary infrared imaging methods for the structural and technical analysis of a panel painting: Adoration of the Magi by Marco Cardisco","authors":"Antimo Di Meo ,&nbsp;Barbara Balbi ,&nbsp;Marco Casciello ,&nbsp;Maria Rosaria Vigorito ,&nbsp;Pasquale Mormile ,&nbsp;Massimo Rippa","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2024.105705","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2024.105705","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Today, digital imaging techniques are extensively used as non-invasive tools for studying and analyzing artworks in the field of cultural heritage These methods provide critical structural information that supports conservation efforts or the development of the most appropriate restoration strategies. Among the case studies, the analysis of panel paintings represents a challenging task, requiring the use of suitable and complementary diagnostic approaches to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the artwork’s condition and its technical characteristics. Imaging techniques operating in the infrared spectrum are reliable, non-invasive, and non-contact methods for performing in situ analyses of artworks. In this study, we examined a 16th-century panel painting by Marco Cardisco, titled Adoration of the Magi, using both infrared reflectography (IRR) and active thermography (AT) techniques. For the AT approach, we applied a low-power pulsed thermal stimulation and analyzed the acquired thermal images in both spatial and temporal domains by combining the results achieved through Principal Component Thermography (PCT) and Thermal Recovery Trend (TRT) methods. The data collected from the two infrared imaging techniques, IRR and AT, were compared and evaluated across different areas of the painting, discussing and demonstrating their complementarity. This combined approach provided valuable insights into the technical and structural features of the artwork, thereby enhancing our understanding of its condition and state of conservation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 105705"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143097724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DHTSD: On discrete Hankel transform spectral description for effective infrared spectra recovery and identification","authors":"Deng Qian ,&nbsp;Shuang Zeng,&nbsp;Qing An,&nbsp;Hai Liu ,&nbsp;Li Liu,&nbsp;Anny Roudout,&nbsp;Fenggang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2024.105700","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2024.105700","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Infrared spectroscopy has shown promise in the field of biomedicine practice. Nevertheless, its widespread application, particularly in the imaging field, has been hampered by the slow acquisition of spectral data from degraded infrared signals, which is exacerbated by band overlap and random noise. This study presents a novel infrared spectral recovery technique that utilizes discrete Hankel transform regularization and is capable of distinguishing between degraded and high-resolution infrared spectra. To assess the sparse disparity between the captured infrared spectrum and its ground truth counterpart in the frequency domain, we use the discrete Hankel transform to examine their coefficient distributions. Given that the distribution of the ground truth spectrum is significantly sparser than that detected, we propose an infrared spectral recovery framework that regulates the sparsity of the observed spectrum using the <em>L</em>₀ norm. Then, the tracking algorithm of greedy analysis is leveraged to address the challenge of <em>L</em>₀ norm minimization. Experimental results, including both simulated and real spectral data, confirm the effectiveness of the algorithm in preserving the spectral peaks of the infrared while removing the random noise. Furthermore, our algorithm can determine the aperture function of spectrometer instrument and thus significantly increase the significance of the measurement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 105700"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143097726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trace gas detection based on dual-QTFs laser-induced thermoelastic spectroscopy","authors":"Jingqi Shi,&nbsp;Shaoqiang Bi,&nbsp;Lu Qin,&nbsp;Yiyang Zhao,&nbsp;Hengbiao Zhang,&nbsp;Jing Zhao,&nbsp;Xinru Zhang,&nbsp;Zhonghai Zhang,&nbsp;Zongliang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2024.105702","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2024.105702","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A laser-induced thermoelastic spectroscopy (LITES) gas detection structure based on dual-quartz tuning forks (dual-QTFs) is developed for trace gas detection. In order to obtain the best response of the sensor, two QTFs with a similar resonance frequency were selected as photodetectors. Due to the reflection characteristic of the metal layer on the surface of the QTF, the reuse of laser energy was achieved by using two QTFs. By measuring the signal response and reflection effect of the front surface of QTF, the optimal incident position of the laser beam is determined. The laser beam injected on the surface of QTF1 was used to excite the LITES signal, and part of the laser beam was reflected back to the surface of QTF2 through the metal layer for exciting the LITES signal again. The signals generated by QTF1 and QTF2 were superimposed by an adder to realize the enhancement of the LITES signal. Choosing acetylene (C₂H₂) as the target analyte verified the detection performance of the sensor. At the C₂H₂ concentration of 1000 ppmv, the LITES signal amplitude of the dual-QTFs was 1641 µV, which had a 2.21 times improvement compared to QTF1. The long-term stability was evaluated by using the Allan variance analysis method; a minimum detection limit of 53 ppbv was achieved with an optimal integration time of 91 s. The corresponding to a normalized noise equivalent absorption coefficient of 7.59 × 10⁻⁹ cm⁻¹∙W∙Hz^−1/2.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 105702"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143102039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced trace CO2 detection sensor for gas production monitoring using QCL absorption spectroscopy with CPO-BiLSTM model","authors":"Guolin Li,&nbsp;Enting Dong,&nbsp;Lupeng Jia,&nbsp;Siyu Zhang,&nbsp;Fuli Zhao,&nbsp;Yingjie Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2024.105701","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2024.105701","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon dioxide (CO₂) frequently manifests as a contaminant within a range of pure gases. A trace CO₂ detection sensor designed based on tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) and wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) technology is proposed. This sensor employs a quantum cascade laser (QCL), a multi-pass gas cell (MPGC) and a HgCdTe photodiode for photoelectric conversion. The extracted spectral signals are smoothed and denoised by wavelet transform optimized by empirical mode decomposition (EMD). The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the spectra has been elevated from 20.22 dB to 29.60 dB, resulting in a significant reduction of the noise component. The crested porcupine optimizer (CPO)-bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) model was used to convert the concentration. Comparison with back-propagation neural network (BPNN) and least squares support vector machine (LSSVM), the experiment shows that the CPO-BiLSTM model outperforms the other two with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.0078. Allan analysis of the sensor yielded a minimum theoretical limit of detection of 1.56 ppb. This sensor can be used for long term monitoring of the CO₂ concentration in pure gases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 105701"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143097728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of a tunable Fabry–Perot filter based on a silicon wafer for gas sensing applications in the infrared","authors":"Daniel A. Ramos-Gonzalez ,&nbsp;Eloisa Gallegos-Arellano ,&nbsp;Christian A. Salcedo-Rodriguez ,&nbsp;Maria S. Avila-Garcia ,&nbsp;Jose R. Reyes-Ayona ,&nbsp;Jose R. Avina-Ortiz ,&nbsp;Eli G. Avina-Bravo ,&nbsp;Juan M. Sierra-Hernandez","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2024.105689","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2024.105689","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tunable optical Fabry–Perot Interferometers (FPIs) have been designed as filters on sensors for gas detection in the mid infrared range where their radiation absorption is at its maximum. FPIs are commonly designed using two properly aligned parallel mirrors, which makes them susceptible to vibrations and misalignment, and often require to be assembled using sophisticated mechanical systems to reduce these issues. In this work, the design of a tunable (FPI) filter based on a silicon wafer for gas sensing applications in the infrared range is presented. The thickness of the wafer was calculated considering the absorption spectrums of the target gas and the optical components in the sensor arrangement. Therefore, this filter has the transmission spectrum of an ideal FPI that matches the absorption peaks of the target gases. The detection of CH<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> is presented as a case study but this filter can be applied to gases with well-defined ro-vibrational lines like CO and CO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>. Experimental results show that the proposed filter can be used for the design of a highly selective gas sensor. Finally, the proposed filter has the advantage of being simple, easy to integrate, and low-cost, since the two parallel mirrors used in conventional FPIs are no longer needed and the associated alignment and the montage of mechanical components are reduced.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 105689"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143101563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An infrared DoLP calculation model with parameters instantiation for high-temp rough surfaces","authors":"Kunna Yan,&nbsp;Haizheng Liu,&nbsp;Zelin Shi,&nbsp;Mingqi Pang,&nbsp;Yunge Cui,&nbsp;Qiunan Tong","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2024.105686","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2024.105686","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Infrared polarimetric imaging has gained more attention in recent years in various defense applications. As the temperature of an object rises, the infrared polarization on its surface becomes stronger in room-temp environments. This polarization mainly depends on the thermal emission and is slightly affected by the reflection of ambient radiation. Due to the difficulty in solving the relevant sample parameters in the infrared band, the complexity of infrared polarization modeling for high-temp surfaces exceeds that of visible and near-infrared. Based on the polarized bidirectional reflectance distribution function (pBRDF) and Kirchhoff’s law, this work first derives the emissivity vector. Then, a hybrid infrared degree of linear polarization (DoLP) calculation model framework for high-temp rough surfaces is proposed. This framework consists of thermal emission and the reflection of ambient radiation. The reflection model component is simplified by uniformizing the ambient incidence radiation on surfaces. An infrared DoLP measurement experiment is conducted on three sample surfaces at multiple high-tempe points. Considering the insufficiency of measurement data at a single high-temp point, model parameters are inverted using data from two high-temp points. The genetic algorithm is selected as the inversion method, and an instantiated hybrid model is obtained based on the optimal solution of parameters. At multiple high-temp points, the DoLP curve predicted by the hybrid model is consistent with the measured curve. When the observation angle is less than <span><math><mrow><mn>75</mn><mo>°</mo></mrow></math></span>, the absolute residual between the predicted and measured DoLP is less than 0.005. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed hybrid infrared DoLP calculation model can be applied to predict and simulate the polarization characteristics of high-temp objects in room-temp environments. Moreover, the proposed inversion approach can accurately estimate the material surface parameters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 105686"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143101562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accumulation of holes at the mesa sidewall surface of InGaAsSb extended-short wavelength infrared photodetectors","authors":"Nong Li ,&nbsp;Dongwei Jiang ,&nbsp;Guowei Wang ,&nbsp;Donghai Wu ,&nbsp;Wenguang Zhou ,&nbsp;Xiangyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Faran Chang ,&nbsp;Ruoyu Xie ,&nbsp;Ye Zhang ,&nbsp;Yifan Shan ,&nbsp;Yan Liang ,&nbsp;Lingze Yao ,&nbsp;Qiuyao Pang ,&nbsp;Chen Li ,&nbsp;Hongyue Hao ,&nbsp;Yingqiang Xu ,&nbsp;Zhichuan Niu","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2024.105695","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2024.105695","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work investigates leakage mechanisms in InGaAsSb e-SWIR detectors by examining the surface states of the mesa sidewall and the longevity of passivation layers. The passivation efficacy of SU8, SiO₂ and S-SiO₂ films is evaluated, using an un-passivated photodetector as a reference. The S-SiO₂ composite film passivated InGaAsSb mesa sidewall exhibits the highest surface resistivity. To investigate the factors contributing to this high surface resistivity, we employed gate-controlled photodetectors. Our findings indicate that the neutralization of dangling bonds at the InGaAsSb surface by sulfide is not the main factor. Instead, by examining the longevity of these passivation films, we determined that the high resistivity of the S-SiO₂ film is related to its airtightness. Additionally, the GCPD results indicate an accumulation of holes at the InGaAsSb surface. These findings suggest that a pBp structure may provide advantages in reducing the leakage current of InGaAsSb e-SWIR photodetectors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 105695"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143097725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RDAGAN: Residual Dense Module and Attention-Guided Generative Adversarial Network for infrared image generation","authors":"Tianwei Zhou ,&nbsp;Yanfeng Tang ,&nbsp;Weida Zhan ,&nbsp;Yu Chen ,&nbsp;Yueyi Han ,&nbsp;Deng Han","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2024.105685","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2024.105685","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Visible-to-Infrared image Translation (V2I) is fundamentally an ill-defined problem, since RGB images do not have any information about the thermal characteristics of different objects. In recent years, with the development of deep learning, infrared image generation has been widely studied, however, existing methods often suffer from the problems of incomplete structure and blurred details in the generated infrared images. For this reason, this paper proposes Residual Dense Module and Attention-Guided Generative Adversarial Networks (RDAGAN) to improve the generation quality of infrared images. RDAGAN incorporates several modules, firstly, we adopt Residual Dense Module (RDM), which improves the model feature extraction capability by enhancing the depth and width of the model. Second, in order to guide the model to focus on the key parts of the image, we designed Attention-Guided Module (AGM), which enable the model to learn and generate the key features of the infrared image more efficiently, thus generating a pseudo-image that is closer to the real infrared image. To further optimize the generated infrared images, we also propose a composite loss function combining the Adversarial loss, L1 loss, Perceptual loss, and SSIM loss, where the Perceptual loss significantly reduces the LPIPS value and improves the visual perceptual quality of the generated images, and the SSIM loss strengthens the edge texture details of the generated images and significantly improves the SSIM value. Experimental results on KAIST, FLIR and LLVIP datasets show that RDAGAN outperforms the existing methods in terms of performance metrics and visual quality, and generates clearer and more realistic infrared images.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 105685"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143101561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beam quality improvement of mid-infrared laser diode with monolithically integrated sawtooth waveguide structures","authors":"Jianmei Shi ,&nbsp;Chengao Yang ,&nbsp;Yihang Chen ,&nbsp;Tianfang Wang ,&nbsp;Hongguang Yu ,&nbsp;Juntian Cao ,&nbsp;Zhengqi Geng ,&nbsp;Zhiyuan Wang ,&nbsp;Haoran Wen ,&nbsp;Enquan Zhang ,&nbsp;Yu Zhang ,&nbsp;Hao Tan ,&nbsp;Donghai Wu ,&nbsp;Yingqiang Xu ,&nbsp;Haiqiao Ni ,&nbsp;Zhichuan Niu","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2024.105694","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2024.105694","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-power and high beam-quality semiconductor diode lasers emitting around 2 μm have sparked considerable interest owing to their potential applications across various industrial and medical fields. Here, we demonstrate a sawtooth waveguide (SW) structure to achieve enhanced lateral beam quality and power performance based on GaSb. A valid lateral mode discrimination capability is guaranteed by the integrated SW design and triple confirmed by simulation, near field and far field experimental measurement. The resulting SW laser exhibits an enhanced continuous-wave output power of 1.392 W around 2 μm with an increased power conversion efficiency. Moreover, a more concentrated and narrower beam profile is obtained across its whole measurement range, with lateral beam parameter product notably improved by up to 48 % compared to the conventional broad area laser. These results show significant promise for enhancing the performance of existing systems and enabling new applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 105694"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143101557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid non-destructive identification of blueberry origin based on near infrared spectroscopy combined with wavelength selection","authors":"Guannan Wang ,&nbsp;Na Wang ,&nbsp;Ying Dong ,&nbsp;Jinming Liu ,&nbsp;Peng Gao ,&nbsp;Rui Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2024.105688","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2024.105688","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To realize the nondestructive identification of blueberry origin, near-infrared spectroscopy was used to obtain the original spectral data of blueberry. Given the problems of spectral bandwidth, severe overlap, and complicated information analysis in the collection of near-infrared spectral data, we integrated successive projection algorithm (SPA) and sparrow search algorithm (SSA) with partial least squares regression (PLS) and support vector machine (SVM), respectively, resulting in the construction of two wavelength selection (WS) models: SPA-PLS and SSA-SVM for WS from blueberry spectral data, 30 and 148 wavelength variables were selected respectively. To further enhance the accuracy of blueberry origin identification, we incorporated SSA into both Optimal Latin hypercube idea and Osprey algorithm, creating a multi-strategy hybrid sparrow search algorithm (ZOSSA). This approach reduced the number of selected wavelengths from 148 to 36. Using wavelengths selected from three different techniques as input subsets, a blueberry origin recognition model is constructed by placing them separately into a support vector machine. The experimental results prove that the performance of the wavelength-optimized model is higher than that of the full spectra performance, and the wavelength variables screened by ZOSSA have the best effect. The wavelength variables identified by ZOSSA exhibit superior performance with an accuracy rate of 96.21%, precision rate of 95.12 %, recall rate of 94.78 %, and F1 score of 94.94 % on the test set; surpassing those obtained using SPA (89.39 %, 87.43 %, 88.72 %, and 88.08 %) as well as SSA (90.15 %, 87.90 %, 88.16 %, and 88.02 %). The method strikes a balance between selecting an appropriate number of wavelengths while maintaining high model performance levels; thus meeting requirements for fast, accurate, nondestructive origin identification not only for blueberries but also providing novel insights for identifying origins in other agricultural products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 105688"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143101559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}