Infrared Physics & Technology最新文献

{"title":"High performance wide-spectrum mixed PbS CQDs photodetector","authors":"Lier Deng,&nbsp;Boao Gu,&nbsp;Yujuan Fu,&nbsp;Qing Li,&nbsp;Yaodi Zhao,&nbsp;Yiheng Wang,&nbsp;Menglin Li,&nbsp;Huan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106124","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106124","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>PbS quantum dots have attracted significant attention in the near-infrared (NIR) region due to their excellent optoelectronic properties. However, the preparation of large-sized PbS quantum dots and devices that can detect across the entire NIR to short-wave infrared (SWIR) spectrum remains a significant challenge. In this study, we propose a method that involves multiple injections of sulfur precursors during the synthesis process via thermal injection, which broadens the absorption wavelength of PbS quantum dots to 2123 nm. Furthermore, we mix single-injection PbS (PbS_I) and triple-injection PbS (PbS_III) quantum dots to form bulk homojunctions, due to the 0.05 eV Fermi level offset between them. The internal built-in electric fields between the junctions effectively facilitate exciton dissociation. Broadband photodetectors are then fabricated using the mixed quantum dots as the photoactive layer. Benefiting from efficient carrier separation, the dark current of the infrared photodetector based on mixed quantum dots reaches 3.3 × 10⁻⁶ A, which is lower than that of photodetectors based on either single-sized quantum dots. Moreover, the hybrid device exhibits a responsivity of 4.3 mA/W at a long wavelength of 1940 nm. This represents a 7.4 fold improvement compared to the PbS_I quantum dot photodetector and a 3 fold enhancement compared to the PbS_III counterpart, indicating a significant improvement in the responsivity of the photodetector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 106124"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145060568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infrared and visible image fusion using LST and VSM-GF under PDE decomposition","authors":"Yifan Chen ,&nbsp;Chentong Guo ,&nbsp;Lei Deng ,&nbsp;Hongtian Shan ,&nbsp;Zhixiang Chen ,&nbsp;Heng Yu ,&nbsp;Mingli Dong ,&nbsp;Lianqing Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106133","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106133","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The fusion of infrared and visible images integrates complementary information from both modalities, enhancing image quality in various applications. This paper presents a novel fusion method based on Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) decomposition, Local Statistical Texture (LST) model, and Visual Saliency Mapping-Guided Filtering (VSM-GF). PDEs are employed to decompose source images into base and detail layers. LST is utilized to generate adaptive weight maps for detail layers, while VSM-GF enhances the structural consistency in base layers. Extensive experiments were conducted on four publicly available datasets including TNO, LLVIP, M3FD, and RoadScene, and the proposed algorithm was quantitatively compared with nine traditional and deep learning-based fusion approaches on six evaluation metrics, including PSNR, MSE, <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>Q</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>a</mi><mi>b</mi><mi>f</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>, SSIM, MS-SSIM, and FMI_pixel. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm effectively preserves fine details and reduces artifacts, while also demonstrating superior performance across most quantitative metrics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 106133"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145108685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microwave-stealth metasurface with infrared camouflage and visible-light transparency","authors":"Hao Liu ,&nbsp;Kaixi Bi ,&nbsp;Guangchen Yin ,&nbsp;Donghui Huang ,&nbsp;Xianze Zhou ,&nbsp;Lei Hu ,&nbsp;Yichi Zhang ,&nbsp;Linyu Mei ,&nbsp;Xiujian Chou","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106146","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106146","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conventional single-band stealth systems face significant challenges in addressing multispectral detection technologies, necessitating urgent research into multi-band compatible stealth solutions. The study proposes and validates a novel visible-transparent microwave absorber with infrared shielding capability. The designed structure is composed of radar absorption layer (RAL) and an infrared shielding layer (IRSL). The RAL was designed using electromagnetic resonance principles and an equivalent impedance model, featuring a snowflake-inspired pattern with dual-level branching structures. The absorber achieves an absorption efficiency exceeding 90 % at frequencies above 9.25 GHz and an average visible light transmittance of 61.3 %. In addition, IRSL uses a frequency selective surface (FSS) with a hexagonal array design. It achieves high transmittance in the microwave band from 0 to 27 GHz and infrared emissivity as low as 0.32 in the 3–14 µm range. The designed absorber enables effective realization of radar-infrared compatible stealth, while maintaining visible light transparency that shows significant application potential in multi-spectrum compatible camouflage for optical windows and similar installations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 106146"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145044309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Type-III SnSe2/MoTe2 van der Waals heterojunction for room-temperature self-powered broadband photodetection","authors":"Zhao-Guo Liu ,&nbsp;Xuan Li ,&nbsp;Sheng Ni ,&nbsp;Zhen-Zhi Hu ,&nbsp;Yan-Peng Zhang ,&nbsp;Qi Zhou ,&nbsp;Huan-Li Zhou ,&nbsp;Chang-long Liu ,&nbsp;Xiao-Yang Zhang ,&nbsp;Tong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106135","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106135","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the increasing demand for broadband photodetection technology spanning the infrared-to-visible spectrum in fields such as environmental monitoring, bio-imaging, and communication systems, the development of high-performance photodetectors that combine broadband response, high sensitivity, and self-powered operation at room temperature has become a critical research focus in optoelectronics. In this work, we present a broadband self-powered photodetector based on a MoTe₂/SnSe₂ heterostructure. The conduction and valence bands of these two materials form a broken-gap type-III heterojunction, resulting in a substantial band offset at the interface. This band alignment effectively suppresses thermally generated electron-hole pairs, drastically reducing dark current and enabling an ultra-high on/off ratio of up to 10⁵. The device exhibits a broadband photo-response from visible light (520 nm) to infrared (1550 nm), achieving a remarkable responsivity of 1.47 A/W and a specific detectivity of 1.48 × 10¹² Jones at 520 nm, while maintaining an impressive detectivity of 1.8 × 10¹¹ Jones at 1550 nm. Additionally, it demonstrates fast response dynamics with rise and decay times of 101 μs and 113 μs, respectively. Experimental demonstrations of its infrared communication and imaging capabilities further underscore its immense potential for practical applications. This work provides an effective strategy for designing ultra-low dark current, self-powered broadband photodetectors, paving the way for advanced optoelectronic technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 106135"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145057089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SASENet: multimodal 3D object detection for Gm-APD LiDAR based on semantic and spatial enhancement","authors":"Yuanxue Ding ,&nbsp;Dongyang Liu ,&nbsp;Yanchen Qu ,&nbsp;Dakuan Du ,&nbsp;Guanlin Chen ,&nbsp;Xuefeng Dong ,&nbsp;Jianfeng Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106145","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106145","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Three-dimensional (3D) object detection in point clouds, a critical component of intelligent perception, has attracted considerable research attention. However, the sparsity and lack of semantic information in point clouds generated by long-range Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode (Gm-APD) LiDAR pose significant challenges, as unimodal detection struggles to distinguish structurally similar objects. To address this limitation, we propose SASENet, a multimodal 3D object detection network that integrates semantic and spatial enhancements. Specifically, at the input stage, we introduce a Semantic Spatial Enhancement Module (SSEM). Horizontally, we align the interpolated Gm-APD LiDAR range image with the infrared image and generate semantically enhanced point clouds through semantic segmentation of the infrared image. Vertically, we upsample the sparse point clouds to obtain semantic-spatially enhanced point clouds, enriching their structural information. At the feature interaction stage, we propose a Bidirectional Feature Interaction Module (BFIM) based on a dual-stream architecture, which enhances cross-modal semantic correlations by enabling bidirectional interactions between infrared image features and LiDAR point cloud features. Extensive experiments demonstrate that SASENet achieves competitive performance on our self-constructed dataset, particularly excelling in long-range 3D object detection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 106145"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145044308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multi-scale perception network for infrared thermal image super-resolution in welding","authors":"Qingpo Xu ,&nbsp;Haitao Liu ,&nbsp;Jiameng Gao ,&nbsp;Yabin Ding ,&nbsp;Juliang Xiao ,&nbsp;Guangxi Li","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106114","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106114","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Infrared thermal image super-resolution (SR) techniques aim to reconstruct high-resolution images from low-resolution counterparts, which is crucial for various applications. However, existing SR methods typically utilize limited pixel information for feature extraction, leading to suboptimal reconstruction quality. To address this limitation, a multi-scale perception super-resolution (MPSR) method is proposed to leverage both spatial and channel-wise information for improved image enhancement. Capitalizing on the inherent color consistency of infrared thermal images, a novel multi-attention mechanism is proposed that integrates scale decomposition attention, cross-attention fusion, channel feature selection, and global perceptual fusion. This mechanism effectively exploits contextual information, enhancing the restoration of both high-frequency details and low-frequency structures, thereby achieving more accurate and refined image resolution. Furthermore, the IRAB-T dataset is introduced as the first to include infrared thermal images of typical industrial scenarios, such as cutting, milling, and welding, thereby facilitating the broader application of SR techniques in industrial settings. Extensive experiments on benchmark datasets demonstrate that MPSR outperforms existing state-of-the-art SR methods. Notably, MPSR achieves an average PSNR/SSIM gain exceeding 10.58/8.24% compared to the visible SR method SwinIR and over 10.11/11.29% compared to the infrared SR method IERN. Moreover, in real-world friction stir welding scenarios, MPSR enhances defect detection confidence by 15.15% for identifying the “Flash” defect, underscoring its practical utility in industrial image pre-processing stages. To facilitate further research and application, the code of the proposed MPSR will be made publicly available at <span><span>https://github.com/TJU-IRA/MPSR</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 106114"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145010125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of infrared radiation precursors of water inrush from coal and rock fractures under hydrodynamic coupling","authors":"Guanghui Cao ,&nbsp;Liqiang Ma ,&nbsp;Wei Liu ,&nbsp;Naseer Muhammad Khan ,&nbsp;Arienkhe Endurance Osemudiamhen ,&nbsp;Qiangqiang Gao ,&nbsp;Kunpeng Yu ,&nbsp;Zezhou Guo ,&nbsp;ShiCheng Li ,&nbsp;RuiZhi Yang ,&nbsp;Xiaohu Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106143","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106143","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to the challenging conditions associated with coal resource extraction, mine water hazards continue to pose a prominent threat. Accurate prediction and monitoring of precursor information related to water inrush events are crucial for ensuring mine safety. However, conventional monitoring techniques, such as microseismicity and acoustic emission, currently possess limitations in providing effective early warning. Therefore, this study aims to explore a novel method for monitoring mine water hazard precursors based on infrared thermal imaging technology. To achieve this, we conducted laboratory experiments to simulate the processes of rock fracture and water intrusion in coal mines. Sandstone specimens were selected for investigation under water pressures of 0 MPa, 0.2 MPa, 0.4 MPa, and 0.6 MPa. The research findings reveal that during the hydraulic coupling fracture process in sandstone specimens, the infrared thermographic parameters, including infrared thermal images, Average infrared radiation temperature (AIRT), the Variance of Original Infrared Image Temperature (VOIIT), and Variance of Successive Minus Infrared Image Temperature (VSMIT), demonstrate significant and distinct phase-dependent variations. Before a water inrush, infrared thermal images display low-temperature patches that gradually extend and expand. The AIRT shows a decline, with some instances falling by more than 0.5 °C. The VOIIT transitions from stable growth to significant fluctuations or rapid increases, reaching a maximum value of 0.776 under a water pressure of 0.4 MPa. In addition, the VSMIT exhibits abrupt changes, with the maximum value at a water pressure of 0.2 MPa increasing 10.43 times compared to the minimum value. These variations provide crucial precursor information for coal rock fracturing and water inrush events. Additionally, this study innovatively applies the Critical Slow down Theory (CSDT) to the analysis of infrared indicator parameters. The characteristics of critical transitions in the coal-rock dynamic system further enhance the precursory warning, allowing for an advanced warning time for the infrared indicators. This allows for the earliest prediction of a peak stress ratio of 51.2 %. This study successfully validates the effectiveness and timeliness of infrared thermography in capturing the infrared signals associated with rock fracturing and water inrush. Therefore, Author recommend deploying multiple infrared cameras for 24-hour unmanned monitoring in engineering projects at risk of water hazards, such as coal mine excavations and underground tunnels. Additionally, setting alarm thresholds for specific infrared indicators at the ground control station via a ring network will enable real-time monitoring and preventive measures to mitigate the risk of water inrush disasters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 106143"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145044186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-wavelength fiber laser incorporating enhanced four-wave mixing and Brillouin random lasing resonance","authors":"Jingyang Wang ,&nbsp;Fei Wang ,&nbsp;Tao Deng ,&nbsp;Zhengmao Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106136","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106136","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A multi-wavelength fiber laser simultaneously incorporating enhanced four-wave mixing and Brillouin random lasing resonance is proposed to generate broadband Brillouin frequency combs. A continuous wave emitted by a tunable laser is firstly sent to an erbium doped fiber amplifier for power amplification to serve as a Brillouin pump (BP) light, accompanied by the repressed wideband gain spectrum of the optical amplifier, is injected into a fiber dual ring cavity. On the one hand, it makes up for the power distribution contradiction between the BP light and the feedback light. On the other hand, the injection of broadband noise induces red shift of the gain spectrum of the optical amplifier within the fiber cavity, significantly enhancing its gain bandwidth. Therefore, stronger power of BP light and feedback light lead to enhanced stimulated Brillouin scattering and Rayleigh scattering in the highly nonlinear fiber, which are fed back to a dispersion shifted fiber, resulting in an enhanced four-wave mixing, the generated Brillouin comb spectrum was greatly extended. In addition, Brillouin random lasing resonance, in combination with broadened erbium gain bandwidth, further intensifies these nonlinear effects. As a result, a record wideband Brillouin comb spanning 100 nm was produced, and it produced 393 comb lines within a peak power variation of 30 dB. The maximum peak variation is only 0.307 dB within a 90-mins test cycle, indicating excellent stability of the proposed system. Finally, a detailed verification of the randomness of Brillouin random lasers was conducted based on the spin glass theory.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 106136"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145018510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gaussian windowed frequency-modulated thermal wave imaging for Non-Destructive testing and evaluation of steel materials","authors":"Sameeha Sharma ,&nbsp;Vanita Arora ,&nbsp;Ravibabu Mulaveesala","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106137","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106137","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Maintaining the structural integrity of mild steel components is essential in numerous industrial applications, as subsurface flaws can severely affect the material’s mechanical strength and its ability to withstand loads. Traditional thermal non-destructive testing (TNDT) techniques, including conventional active infrared thermography methods such as pulsed thermography (PT), lock-in thermography (LT), and pulse-phase thermography (PPT), face limitations in terms of resolution, energy dispersion, and defect detectability. To address these challenges, this study employs spectral reshaping of linear frequency modulated waveform using Gaussian windowing for enhanced subsurface defect detection. The research primarily focuses on detecting subsurface blind hole defects at varying depths in mild steel samples. Post-processing approaches including frequency-domain analysis, time-domain phase analysis, and correlation-based processing were applied, along with Wiener filtering, to improve defect visibility. While frequency-domain analysis was limited by energy dispersion and fixed resolution, time-domain analysis showed better performance by concentrating energy with higher resolution. However, correlation-based time-domain processing using pulse compression produced the best results by significantly enhancing defect contrast and resolution. Cross-correlation coefficient (CCC) analysis with Gaussian windowing frequency modulated thermal wave imaging (GWFMTWI) clearly revealed all six subsurface defects, outperforming conventional linear frequency modulated thermal wave imaging (FMTWI). The improvement was further confirmed by the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) as a figure of merit, providing a quantitative measure of defect detection reliability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 106137"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145018553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transparent scattering metamaterial for multiband camouflage with thermal management","authors":"Pengyu Song ,&nbsp;Yiyang Shen ,&nbsp;Aoxue Guo ,&nbsp;Mengdan Qian ,&nbsp;Shuwen Zheng ,&nbsp;Yufang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106127","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106127","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the advancement of joint detection techniques, multispectral camouflage has gained significant research attention. Here, a transparent wavelength-selective scattering metamaterial is proposed with two typical parts a checkerboard-like ZnS metasurface and a Fabry-Perot resonant cavity (F-P cavity) composed of ITO, ZnSe, and Ag. The metamaterial can simultaneously achieve camouflage in the visible and infrared bands, while it is also compatible with broadband tunable laser camouflage for the high scattering property. The metamaterial achieves selective emission through the F-P cavity, with low emissivity of 0.17 and 0.19 in the mid-wave infrared (MWIR) and long-wave infrared (LWIR) while high emissivity at two non-atmospheric window bands, ensuring effective infrared camouflage as well as radiative cooling capacity. Moreover, the metamaterial is expected to effectively avoid laser radar detection due to low specular reflectance in wavelengths of 1.06 μm and 1.55 μm (1.3 % and 12.2 %, respectively), as well as in the 8–14 μm band (average of 2.1 %). This is attributed to the reflection splitting caused by the phase difference between the F-P cavity and the checkerboard-like ZnS metasurface. At the same time, the metamaterial achieves an average transmittance of 70.1 % within the visible spectrum (400–800 nm), thereby ensuring adequate optical transparency. This work not only achieves highly efficient infrared camouflage and thermal management but also presents exceptional visible and broadband tunable laser camouflage capability, which is expected to provide a guidance on camouflage applications and thermal management in the military.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 106127"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145010126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}