Infrared Physics & Technology最新文献

{"title":"Study on the influence Laws of different Oxygen-Containing oxidants on the Low-Pressure combustion and radiation performance of MgB2/PTFE type infrared radiation agents","authors":"Jun Huang,&nbsp;Yichao Liu,&nbsp;Zefeng Guo,&nbsp;Tianyu Ren,&nbsp;Yujie Ji,&nbsp;Chengkun Cai,&nbsp;Hua Guan","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2026.106440","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2026.106440","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study systematically investigated the influence of different oxygen-containing oxidants (NaNO₃, KNO₃, Ba(NO₃) ₂) on the combustion performance and radiation characteristics of MgB₂/PTFE infrared radiation agents under low-pressure conditions. Through thermal analysis (TG-DTA), combustion product characterization (XRD, SEM), and low-pressure combustion experiments (5–––101 kPa), it was found that the decomposition temperature of the oxidants significantly affected the combustion stability and reaction pathway of the agent in the low-pressure environment. NaNO₃ and KNO₃, due to their lower decomposition temperatures (374.5 ℃ and 408 ℃ respectively), could still promote the efficient reaction of MgB₂ at 5 kPa low pressure, significantly improving the combustion stability and radiation area; while Ba(NO₃) ₂ had a higher decomposition temperature (577.8 ℃), its system could not burn stably at 5 kPa, but by generating high-emissivity condensed-phase products (such as BaO, BaB₆), it effectively enhanced the infrared radiation intensity in the α (1.3–––3 μm), β (3–––5 μm), and γ (8–––14 μm) wavelength bands under low-pressure conditions. The study further revealed the reaction mechanisms of each system: NaNO₃/KNO₃ mainly produced alkali metal borates (such as Na₂B₄O₇·H₂O, K_3.67B₄O₅ (OH) ₅), while the Ba(NO₃) ₂ system formed BaB₆ through complex phase changes. The results showed that by regulating the type of oxidant, the combustion efficiency and radiation performance of MgB₂/PTFE agents under low pressure could be optimized, providing key theoretical and experimental basis for the design of high-altitude infrared decoy agents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 106440"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146172875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An improved YOLO-based algorithm for infrared small object detection","authors":"Cheng Liu,&nbsp;Ben Hao,&nbsp;Qihang Zheng,&nbsp;Zhou Yang,&nbsp;Jingqian Gu,&nbsp;Lin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2026.106443","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2026.106443","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Infrared target detection serves as an effective complement to the visible light spectrum, providing a valuable foundation for achieving all-weather target detection. However, when processing infrared images characterized by low signal-to-noise ratios and lacking color, texture, and shape information, traditional target recognition networks exhibit limited capabilities in extracting and fusing key features, suffer from poor real-time performance, and require improvement in identifying small infrared targets against complex backgrounds. To address these challenges, this paper proposes the CDH-YOLO network for target detection in UAV infrared remote sensing imagery. First, the backbone architecture of YOLOv8s is redesigned by decomposing context extraction into two steps: region-based and semantic residual extraction. This modular design reduces task complexity; residual connections minimize redundant computations and optimize gradient propagation, thereby enhancing real-time performance for infrared target detection. Second, to address the challenges of blurred contours and difficult shape feature extraction in low-altitude remote sensing infrared images, the Spatial Pyramid Pooling (SPP) module of the backbone network is enhanced. By effectively modeling long-range dependencies in feature maps, the network is guided to focus on target shape information, providing highly discriminative features for subsequent recognition and localization. Finally, the Neck section integrates a lightweight context and spatial feature calibration network. Based on pooling and sampling, it corrects relevant information, enhancing detection accuracy while maintaining real-time performance. Comprehensive comparative experiments were conducted on three mainstream infrared datasets to evaluate model performance. When compared against multiple state-of-the-art object detection models, our proposed CDH-YOLO achieved outstanding results with mAP0.5 scores of 76.5%, 70.5%, and 74.8% on the DroneVehicle, OSIV, and HIT-UAV datasets, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 106443"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146172872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic enhancement and tunability of nonlinear optical response in ITO thin films via carbon nanotube incorporation","authors":"Tingzhen Yan ,&nbsp;Chunyan Bai ,&nbsp;Ziqi Wang ,&nbsp;Ruijin Hong","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2026.106462","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2026.106462","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The tunability and enhancement of the nonlinear optical performance of ITO thin films were successfully realized via decoration with carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The roles exerted by CNTs on the morphological and optical characteristics of as-deposited ITO specimen were systematically probed through the adoption of EDX, ellipsometer, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, spectrophotometer and Z-scan technique, respectively. Depositing CNTs overlayer onto as-deposited ITO films enables broad tuning of the epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) wavelength across the range of 1207 to 1883 nm. Upon the progressive increase in the thickness of ITO films from 100 nm to 200 nm and further to 300 nm, the β values for ITO/CNTs composite films were approximately 3.01, 1.29 and 1.53 times higher than those of the deposited single-layer ITO films, respectively. The Raman results confirmed that the increasing trend of β values is consistent with the variation trend of internal defects in the ITO/CNTs composite films. These results indicate a synergistic competitive effect between ITO and CNTs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 106462"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146172931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced near-infrared emission in Pr3+/ Cr3+ co-doped Ca3Sc2Ge3O12:Cr3+ phosphor for biometric illumination","authors":"Weiquan Zeng ,&nbsp;Shuang Zhao ,&nbsp;Changfu Xu ,&nbsp;Haiyan Shi ,&nbsp;Yan Yuan ,&nbsp;Xiaohong Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhaoqi Liu ,&nbsp;Pengbo Lyu ,&nbsp;Lizhong Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2026.106495","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2026.106495","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Near-infrared (NIR) Cr³⁺-doped phosphors are promising candidates for biometric illumination, yet their practical use is often restricted by limited luminescence efficiency. In this work, Ca₃Sc₂Ge₃O₁₂:Cr³⁺ (CSG:Cr³⁺) and Pr³⁺/Cr³⁺ co-doped Ca₃Sc₂Ge₃O₁₂ (CSG:Cr³⁺,Pr³⁺) phosphors were synthesized via a high-temperature solid-state reaction. Pr³⁺ ions acted as sensitizers and effectively enhanced the Cr³⁺ emission through energy transfer, enabling the co-doped sample to achieve an internal quantum efficiency of 56.8% and an external quantum efficiency of 7.72%. An NIR pc-LED device was further fabricated by combining the CSG:Cr³⁺,Pr³⁺ phosphor with a blue LED chip, which delivered stable photoelectrical conversion under a 100 mA driving current. The device was successfully used for iris and vein imaging, demonstrating its applicability for biometric acquisition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 106495"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147386176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deposition rate-dependent microstructure and thermochromic properties of VO2 films prepared by pulsed laser deposition for smart window applications","authors":"Ming Li ,&nbsp;Aoshen Shi ,&nbsp;Xinchun Tao ,&nbsp;Jiawen Xue ,&nbsp;Haitao Zong ,&nbsp;Wentao Qiao ,&nbsp;Yuehong Yin ,&nbsp;Cong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2026.106479","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2026.106479","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Deposition dynamics, as a critical factor in regulating the crystallographic orientation, microstructure, and phase transition properties of thin films, directly influence the performance of films. In this study, a series of VO₂ films were fabricated on alkali-free glass substrates via pulsed laser deposition by controlling the deposition rates (0.5, 1, and 2 nm/min), elucidating how rate modulates the thermochromic properties of VO₂. X-ray diffraction indicates that increased rate and film thickness promote stabilized orientation along the (011) plane. Scanning electron microscopy results show, non-monotonic influence of rate on grain size: at a 20  nm thickness, the average grain size decreased from 67.6  nm (0.5  nm/min) to 60.9  nm (1  nm/min), then increased to 76.3  nm (2  nm/min), whereas increasing thickness primarily induced monotonic grain coarsening across all rates. In terms of phase transition, increasing the rate at 20  nm thickness significantly lowered the transition temperature (<em>T_c</em>) from 78 °C to 72 °C and narrowed the thermal hysteresis width (<em>ΔH</em>) from 27 °C to 18 °C, while thickness variation showed a weaker effect. Optically, the rate modulated luminous transmittance (<em>T_lum</em>), which first rose from 71.5% to 78.9% and then fell to 63.2% for 20  nm films, and consistently reduced solar modulation ability (<em>ΔT_sol</em>) from 8.2% to 6.5%. The V_0.5–20 exhibits relatively balanced thermochromic performance with a <em>T_lum</em> of 71.5% and a <em>ΔT_sol</em> of 8.2%. These results demonstrate that controlling the deposition rate can effectively regulate the surface morphology and thermochromic properties of VO₂ films for smart window applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 106479"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147386228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive dense MobileNetv2 and dilated R2Unet with double Attention-based plant disease classification with deep learning segmentation","authors":"K. Ananthajothi ,&nbsp;Pravin R. Kshirsagar ,&nbsp;Tan Kuan Tak ,&nbsp;Kailash Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2026.106486","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2026.106486","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Across worldwide, agriculture plays an essential role for securing the crop fields and sustainability. Yet, plant disease is a major concern, whereas the rapid enhancement of several deep learning and other agricultural tools provides effective data-driven crop management solutions. Agricultural practitioners must implement targeted interventions to mitigate disease progression, which leads to enhance production growth. The conventional models lacks from significant economic losses because of delayed detection that severely impact the agricultural productivity. In existing models, complex data are not processed which leads to inaccurate analysis and requires high computational resources. The timely classification of pest disease is necessary so that, an automated deep learning model is proposed. Initially, the relevant online source is utilized for collecting the input data. Further, the collected raw images are fed into the Dilated Recurrent Residual Unet (Di-R2Unet) model with double attention for segmenting the affected region. At the final stage, the plant diseases are classified from segmented images by Adaptive Dense MobilenetV2 (ADMNetv2). In order to progress the classification performance and strengthen the accuracy, the hyper-parameters of DMNetv2 are optimized by improved Enhanced Random Function-based Addax Optimization Algorithm (ERF-AOA). To achieve the desired results for different measures, the proposed classification model’s success rate is calculated. On the contrary, the suggested method helps to rapidly identify the disease that can also increase the crop production and economic level for the farmers. While comparing with extensive comparative analysis, the designed technique achieves better accuracy of 94.42%, and precision of 97.84%, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 106486"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147386173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A low-illumination infrared and visible image fusion network based on brightness normalization","authors":"Haode Shi,&nbsp;Hongyu Chu,&nbsp;Yanhua Shao,&nbsp;XiaoQiang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2026.106488","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2026.106488","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Infrared and visible image fusion aims to combine source image complementary data for high-contrast fused images, which emphasize salient targets and abundant texture details. However, present fusion methods usually cannot effectively handle the problem of illumination degradation in source images, which limits the fusion performance. To address this issue, we introduce a new network architecture called BNFusion, which is designed for infrared and visible image fusion under illumination degradation conditions. Specifically, we first build a joint encoding module that integrates Transformer and CNN. Through the intra-modal and inter-modal feature interaction mechanisms, it achieves deep fusion of local and global features along with cross-modal feature interaction between different domains, so as to fully extraction the features of infrared and visible images. Then, a brightness normalization module is developed to normalize the extracted brightness channel features, thereby effectively eliminating the degradation of fusion quality caused by illumination degradation in visible images during fusion. Secondly, a module for feature compensation is constructed to make up for the loss in feature info induced by normalization, so as to retain the maximum amount of feature information in source images. Finally, a constraint term combining fusion loss, contrastive loss, color loss, and magnitude loss is constructed to train the network for fusion alongside its normalization module, realizing the collaborative optimization of fusion and enhancement. It is worth emphasizing that the entire network is optimized via a two-phase training strategy, thus implicitly solving the problem of degraded fused image quality caused by illumination degradation. Extensive experiments indicate that in comparison with existing image fusion techniques, the method we propose shows notable advantages regarding visual effects and important fusion performance metrics in illumination degraded scenarios, and also delivers good performance in advanced visual tasks. Our code is available at <span><span>https://github.com/HaodeShi/BNFusion</span><svg><path></path></svg></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 106488"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147386210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomimetic ultra-broadband mid-infrared absorber Based on Ti-SiO2 hierarchical pyramid metasurface inspired by cicada wing nanostructures","authors":"Fangrong Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhaobo Song ,&nbsp;Pan Li ,&nbsp;Guoqiang Lan","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2026.106496","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2026.106496","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efficient control of infrared radiation is critical for thermophotovoltaics, infrared stealth, and optoelectronic detection. Conventional absorbers, however, are typically restricted by narrow bandwidth, strong angular dependence, and poor thermal stability. This work presents a theoretical investigation of a biomimetic metasurface absorber inspired by cicada wing nanostructures, comprising a SiO₂ pyramidal core coated with a Ti-SiO₂-Ti multilayer shell. Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations reveal an average absorptance of 95.64 % over the broad wavelength range of 1.03–8.97 μm, including a 7.94 μm bandwidth with absorptance exceeding 90 %. The exceptional performance originates from synergistic mechanisms-gradient impedance matching, localized surface plasmon resonance, and magnetic resonance-yielding polarization insensitivity, wide-angle stability, and robust thermal performance. Systematic parameter sweeps further confirm excellent fabrication tolerance. Compared with state-of-the-art designs, the proposed absorber demonstrates superior overall metrics, positioning it as a highly promising candidate for thermophotovoltaics, infrared stealth, and the recovery of medium- to low- temperature industrial waste heat.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 106496"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147386174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tm-doped tapered anti-resonant fiber design for high power 2.3 μm laser","authors":"Shijie Fu ,&nbsp;Tianzhi Wu ,&nbsp;Quan Sheng ,&nbsp;Junxiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Lu Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhidong Yao ,&nbsp;Wei Shi ,&nbsp;Jianquan Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2026.106453","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2026.106453","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A large-mode-area single-mode Tm-doped all-solid tapered anti-resonant fiber (ARF) based on tellurite glass is designed for high-power 2.3 μm laser generation. An extra resonant layer is introduced to the fiber cladding to form a double-layer nested anti-resonant structure to realize mode coupling of high-order core modes for single-mode operation while enhancing the mode confinement capability of LP₀₁ core mode for low-loss operation. Single mode operation, with fundamental mode transmission loss maintained below 1 dB/m and high-order mode losses greater than 10 dB/m, can be achieved from the Tm-doped tapered ARF as the core diameter increased from 40 μm to 57 μm. Maximum mode area of 1713.9 μm² can be obtained at the output end of the tapered fiber. The proposed Tm-doped tapered ARF in this work provides an efficient routine for the development of high power 2.3 μm fiber laser generation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 106453"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146172876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultra-narrowband high-sensitivity multispectral sensor enabled by Fabry-Perot resonances for label-free detection","authors":"Saima Kanwal ,&nbsp;Hussein H.N. Al Taee ,&nbsp;Mir Hamid Rezaei ,&nbsp;Norah A.M. Alsaif ,&nbsp;Saleh Chebaane","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2026.106449","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2026.106449","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present a highly efficient optical sensor based on the excitation of Fabry-Perot (FP) in a hybrid dielectric-metal multilayer structure. The proposed configuration, comprising a thin gold film, periodic SiO₂/Al₂O₃ layers, a sensing region, and a ground metal. This configuration supports ultra-narrowband resonances and perfect absorption, enabling precise detection of minor refractive index variations. Using the transfer matrix method (TMM), the sensor exhibits a refractive index sensitivity of 1310 nm/RIU with an exceptionally high figure-of-merit (FOM<em>_n</em>) of 2569 RIU⁻¹ and a quality-factor (<em>Q</em>) of 3025, alongside an intensity-based sensitivity of 968 RIU⁻¹ and a corresponding FOM<em>_I</em> of 7.06 × 10⁵ RIU⁻¹. The optical response can be tuned by altering the dielectric materials, stacking order, or structural parameters. Numerical results confirm excellent agreement with FP resonance theory, validating the design’s accuracy and robustness. These features establish the proposed sensor as a robust and versatile platform for label-free detection and advanced optical biosensing applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 106449"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147386273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}