Compact diode-pumped continuous-wave and passive Q-switched Tm:GdScO3 mixed sesquioxide crystal laser around 2.1 μm

IF 3.4 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION

Infrared Physics & Technology Pub Date : 2025-08-27 DOI:10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106117

Haopu Xu , Xiao Cao , Yuqian Zu , Wudi Wang , Haowei Yu , Wenhui Ji , Chun Li , Syed Zaheer Ud Din , Minzhe Liu , Yongjing Wu , Ruizhan Zhai , Zhongqing Jia , Qi Yang , Jun Xu

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Solid-state lasers operating around 2.1 μm have attracted significant interest due to their important applications. However, the development of 2.1 μm solid-state lasers has been limited by the lack of efficient pump sources, as well as thermal effects induced by energy transfer within the gain media. Therefore, addressing these challenges is essential for advancing 2.1 μm solid-state lasers. Here, we report the 2.1 μm laser characteristics of a laser diode (LD)-pumped Tm:GdScO₃ mixed sesquioxide crystal operating on the ³F₄ → ³H₆ transitions, including both continuous-wave (CW) and passively Q-switched (PQS) operations. In the CW regime, an uncoated quartz plate is used as the intracavity etalon for wavelength selection. The laser achieves a maximum average output power of 1.68 W at 2104.7 nm, corresponding to a slope efficiency of 19.7 %. To investigate the short pulse laser performance, PQS of the Tm:GdScO₃ laser is realized using a Cr:ZnSe saturable absorber. The laser delivers a maximum average output power of 0.48 W at 2100.8 nm, producing pulses with a shortest duration of 1.48 μs at a repetition rate of 19.98 kHz. The research results indicate that Tm:GdScO₃ is a promising gain medium for solid-state lasers, offering a new paradigm for the development of compact and economically viable 2.1 μm laser sources.

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紧凑二极管泵浦连续波和无源调q Tm:GdScO3混合倍半氧化物晶体激光器约2.1 μm

工作在2.1 μm左右的固态激光器由于其重要的应用而引起了人们的极大兴趣。然而，2.1 μm固体激光器的发展一直受到缺乏有效泵浦源以及增益介质内能量传递引起的热效应的限制。因此，解决这些挑战对于推进2.1 μm固体激光器至关重要。本文报道了激光二极管（LD）泵浦Tm:GdScO3混合倍半氧化物晶体在3F4→3H6跃迁下的2.1 μm激光特性，包括连续波（CW）和被动调q （PQS）操作。在连续波系统中，使用无涂层石英板作为腔内标准子进行波长选择。该激光器在2104.7 nm处的最大平均输出功率为1.68 W，斜率效率为19.7%。为了研究Tm:GdScO3激光器的短脉冲激光性能，采用Cr:ZnSe饱和吸收体实现了Tm:GdScO3激光器的PQS。该激光器在21000.8 nm处的最大平均输出功率为0.48 W，脉冲持续时间最短为1.48 μs，重复频率为19.98 kHz。研究结果表明，Tm:GdScO3是一种很有前途的固体激光器增益介质，为开发紧凑、经济可行的2.1 μm激光源提供了新的范例。

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来源期刊

Infrared Physics & Technology 物理-光学

CiteScore

5.70

自引率

12.10%

发文量

400

审稿时长

67 days

期刊介绍： The Journal covers the entire field of infrared physics and technology: theory, experiment, application, devices and instrumentation. Infrared'' is defined as covering the near, mid and far infrared (terahertz) regions from 0.75um (750nm) to 1mm (300GHz.) Submissions in the 300GHz to 100GHz region may be accepted at the editors discretion if their content is relevant to shorter wavelengths. Submissions must be primarily concerned with and directly relevant to this spectral region. Its core topics can be summarized as the generation, propagation and detection, of infrared radiation; the associated optics, materials and devices; and its use in all fields of science, industry, engineering and medicine. Infrared techniques occur in many different fields, notably spectroscopy and interferometry; material characterization and processing; atmospheric physics, astronomy and space research. Scientific aspects include lasers, quantum optics, quantum electronics, image processing and semiconductor physics. Some important applications are medical diagnostics and treatment, industrial inspection and environmental monitoring.