Infectious diseases now最新文献

{"title":"Sports and Immunity, from the recreational to the elite athlete","authors":"Richard Baskerville ,&nbsp;Linda Castell ,&nbsp;Stéphane Bermon","doi":"10.1016/j.idnow.2024.104893","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.idnow.2024.104893","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The pivotal role of the immune system in physical activity is well-established. While interactions are complex, they tend to constitute discrete immune responses. Moderate intensity exercise causes leukocytosis with a mild anti-inflammatory cytokine profile and immunoenhancement. Above a threshold of intensity, lactate-mediated IL-6 release causes a proinflammatory state followed by a depressed inflammatory state, which stimulates immune adaptation and longer term cardiometabolic enhancement. Exercise-related immune responses are modulated by sex, age and immunonutrition. At all ability levels, these factors collectively affect the immune balance between enhancement or overload and dysfunction. Excessive training, mental stress or insufficient recovery risks immune cell exhaustion and hypothalamic pituitary axis (HPA) stress responses causing immunodepression with negative impacts on performance or general health. Participation in sport provides additional immune benefits in terms of ensuring regularity, social inclusion, mental well-being and healthier life choices in terms of diet and reduced smoking and alcohol, thereby consolidating healthy lifestyles and longer term health. Significant differences exist between recreational and professional athletes in terms of inherent characteristics, training resilience and additional stresses arising from competition schedules, travel-related infections and stress. Exercise immunology examines the central role of immunity in exercise physiology and straddles multiple disciplines ranging from neuroendocrinology to nutrition and genetics, with the aim of guiding athletes to train optimally and safely. This review provides a brief outline of the main interactions of immunity and exercise, some influencing factors, and current guidance on maintaining immune health.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13539,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases now","volume":"54 4","pages":"Article 104893"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666991924000484/pdfft?md5=b8cf2769ce8f88f2aea5d31c4fa52a0c&pid=1-s2.0-S2666991924000484-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140293457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Freshwater sports and infectious diseases: A narrative review","authors":"Hugues Delamare ,&nbsp;Alexandra Septfons ,&nbsp;Serge Alfandari ,&nbsp;Alexandra Mailles","doi":"10.1016/j.idnow.2024.104883","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.idnow.2024.104883","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Freshwater sports involve a wide range of practices leading to contact with soil and water that can entail exposure to agents of potential infectious diseases. The pathogens can be multiple (bacteria, parasites, viruses, fungi), and be either well-known or more unfamiliar and exotic.</p><p>We conducted a literature review to describe various infections contracted following exposure to water and mud during freshwater sport activities. Out of the 1011 articles identified, 50 were finally included. Our findings encompassed bacterial infections (leptospirosis and gastrointestinal infections); parasitic infections (schistosomiasis, cercarial dermatitis); viral infections (norovirus and other gastrointestinal viruses; seaweed contamination; and fungal infections. These infections were reported in various countries worldwide among diverse freshwater sport activities, including swimming, surfing, kayaking, as well as extreme sports such as adventure races and mud runs. Water sports in freshwater can expose participants to infectious risks according to geographical location and type of sport. Because regular sport practice is beneficial for health, freshwater sports should not be avoided due to potential exposure to pathogens; that much said, certain precautions should be taken. In addition to adoption of preventive measures, participants should be informed about infectious risks and seek medical advice if symptoms appear after exposure. Current guidelines for assessment of bathing water quality do not suffice to ensure comprehensive evaluation of freshwater quality. Event organizers are called upon to pay close attention to environmental factors and meteorological events, to conduct timely sensitization campaigns, and to enforce appropriate safety measures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13539,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases now","volume":"54 4","pages":"Article 104883"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666991924000381/pdfft?md5=0ee357e3cfc76adbf5454c45c915837f&pid=1-s2.0-S2666991924000381-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141288061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Staphylococcus aureus: No ticket for the Paris 2024 Olympic Games!","authors":"Anne-Lise Maucotel,&nbsp;Camille Kolenda,&nbsp;Frédéric Laurent,&nbsp;Anne Tristan","doi":"10.1016/j.idnow.2024.104882","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.idnow.2024.104882","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Athletes are vulnerable to <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> infections due to skin-to-skin contact and skin abrasions during training and competitions involving sharied sport equipment or toiletries, which promote the spread of the bacteria between athletes and within sport teams. This results not only in higher prevalence of <em>S.<!--> <!-->aureus</em> carriage among athletes compared to the general population, but also in outbreaks of infections, particularly skin infections, within sports teams. To limit the spread of <em>S. aureus</em> among athletes, a decolonization protocol can be applied when clustered cases of <em>S. aureus</em> infections occur, especially if Panton-Valentine leukocidin-producing strains are implicated. Finally, to avoid exposing athletes to <em>S.<!--> <!-->aureus</em> transmission/colonization, it is recommended to establish strict and clearly formulated individual and collective hygiene rules and to regularly disinfect shared sports equipment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13539,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases now","volume":"54 4","pages":"Article 104882"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266699192400037X/pdfft?md5=43386285d359f36fc53e054814c4a056&pid=1-s2.0-S266699192400037X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141288062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CV2 : Editorial board","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2666-9919(24)00089-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S2666-9919(24)00089-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13539,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases now","volume":"54 4","pages":"Article 104927"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666991924000897/pdfft?md5=e3eaad8bbccb5ea06341e6ccb6ada1f6&pid=1-s2.0-S2666991924000897-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141241281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sport and infections","authors":"Jean-Paul Stahl (Editor-in-chief of Infectious Diseases Now)","doi":"10.1016/j.idnow.2024.104920","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.idnow.2024.104920","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13539,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases now","volume":"54 4","pages":"Article 104920"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666991924000770/pdfft?md5=f97f30f6970cb59cd273218a5ad0c7ab&pid=1-s2.0-S2666991924000770-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141186207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infectious risks associated with outdoor sports activities","authors":"Aurélie Velay ,&nbsp;Florian Baquer ,&nbsp;Julie Brunet ,&nbsp;Julie Denis ,&nbsp;Assilina Parfut ,&nbsp;Emilie Talagrand-Reboul ,&nbsp;Yves Hansmann","doi":"10.1016/j.idnow.2024.104862","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.idnow.2024.104862","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In France, outdoor sports and activities account for 36% of sports engagement, making outdoor venues the most popular settings for sports participation. Discussing the links between sports and health almost always highlights the beneficial impact of engaging in sports. However, due to a lack of specific notifications, infectious risks are not subject to epidemiological monitoring, and need to be better understood. Since the practice of outdoor sports has become part and parcel of many individuals’ daily routines, it is essential to more accurately characterize the knowledge we have gained about the risks associated with exposure. However, directly associating the practice of a sport with an elevated risk of infectious diseases is a challenging endeavor. Sociological factors based on risk awareness and adoption of protective behaviors in response to the risk are crucial to the orientation of prevention efforts.</p><p>This review deals with several (bacteriological, viral, parasitic, and mycological) infectious risks related to outdoor activities practiced in a natural field via contamination routes such as tick-bite, enteric pathogen, skin, and aerosol transmission. We have also detailed a number of preventive measures taking into account the outdoor setting (e.g., vaccination).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13539,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases now","volume":"54 4","pages":"Article 104862"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666991924000174/pdfft?md5=512f327686626d988b03aac425fa567f&pid=1-s2.0-S2666991924000174-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141283651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological surveillance and infectious disease outbreaks during mass international summertime sports gatherings: A narrative review","authors":"Yves Gallien ,&nbsp;Nelly Fournet ,&nbsp;Hugues Delamare ,&nbsp;Laetitia Haroutunian ,&nbsp;Arnaud Tarantola","doi":"10.1016/j.idnow.2024.104889","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.idnow.2024.104889","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The XXXIII^rd Paris Summer Olympics followed by the XVII^th Paralympics Games will take place in France, predominantly in and around Paris, from July 26 to September 8, 2024. Public health stakeholders and decision-makers are called upon to set up or strengthen surveillance systems in areas hosting Olympic or Paralympic Games (OPGs) or large-scale international competitions, the objective being to detect and manage outbreaks should they occur during that period. We undertook a narrative review of the literature so as to identify major reported infectious disease outbreaks linked with or during OPGs / international sporting events during warm seasons. Our review found that since 1992, Summer Olympic and Paralympic games and international football competitions have been associated with sporadic cases of infectious diseases, principally respiratory, gastrointestinal/foodborne, but not with any major communicable or other infectious disease outbreak. Communicable disease risks should be assessed for the population taken as a whole, an integrated ecosystem with several population compartments potentially exchanging pathogens among one another. Although the Games afford an opportunity to federate or invent new surveillance systems to fill a gap, surveillance should be based on existing medical and laboratory systems, proven tools reinforced with the necessary human and financial resources. The performance of the public health surveillance system is ultimately predicated on trust on the part of participating clinicians, policymakers and international partners.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13539,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases now","volume":"54 4","pages":"Article 104889"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666991924000447/pdfft?md5=7a9eb9cd0bd479a075cef5f6c839cc49&pid=1-s2.0-S2666991924000447-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141288060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of a cluster of acute epiglottitis in Vendée, western France, October – December 2022","authors":"Gwénola Picard ,&nbsp;Pascaline Loury ,&nbsp;Ronan Ollivier ,&nbsp;Thomas Guimard ,&nbsp;Jean-Claude Lacherade ,&nbsp;Yves-Marie Vandamme ,&nbsp;Farah Boukraa ,&nbsp;Lisa A. King","doi":"10.1016/j.idnow.2024.104934","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.idnow.2024.104934","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>In our investigation of an episode of clustered acute epiglottitis occurring in Vendée, western France, between October and December 2022, we described the reported cases and confirmed its unusual character at several geographic levels.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The investigation relied on three data sources: hospitalization and emergency department reports; national reference centre data; and data from the French syndromic surveillance system.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The six patients were male, with an average age of 42 years [32–66]; all were hospitalized in an ICU, and one of them died. Documented risk factors for epiglottitis (active smoking, regular alcohol consumption, overweight) were present in the majority of cases. No causal pathogen was identified. Syndromic surveillance data confirmed increased acute epiglottitis at the local, regional and national levels.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>We not only characterized the episode of serious clustered acute epiglottitis in Vendée, but also observed a nationwide increase in this pathology occurring concomitantly with increased circulation in France of streptococcus A.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13539,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases now","volume":"54 5","pages":"Article 104934"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666991924000988/pdfft?md5=cb0b28ac86976f52b209065a9d5bbe29&pid=1-s2.0-S2666991924000988-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141199845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-life impact on antimicrobial prescription of Syndromic Molecular Testing in adults hospitalized in infectious disease departments. Respiratory Syndromic Molecular Testing panel: Is it worth it?","authors":"Séverine Clauss ,&nbsp;Stéphane Bourlet ,&nbsp;Karim Jaffal ,&nbsp;Clara Duran ,&nbsp;Emma D’Anglejan ,&nbsp;Véronique Perronne ,&nbsp;Frédérique Bouchand ,&nbsp;Latifa Noussair ,&nbsp;Lotfi Dahmane ,&nbsp;Aurélien Dinh","doi":"10.1016/j.idnow.2024.104933","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.idnow.2024.104933","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>While sensitive molecular diagnostic tests enable accurate and rapid diagnosis of many respiratory viruses, their impact on antibiotic management remains uncertain.</p><p>Our study aimed to evaluate the impact of respiratory syndromic molecular testing panel in real-life clinical practice.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>Retrospective descriptive study involving consecutive hospitalized patients in an infectious disease department who had been prescribed a respiratory syndromic molecular testing panel on nasopharyngeal swab samples (FilmArray Respiratory Panel 2 <em>plus</em>) during hospitalization from October 1st, 2021, to February 28th, 2023.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>All in all, 94 out of 210 screened patients were included in the study. Syndromic molecular testing results influenced antibiotic treatment in seven cases: discontinuation in four cases (three virus identifications), changes in two (<em>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</em> positive cases), and initiation in two (negative viral PCRs and one positive bacterial culture).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>In our study, respiratory syndromic molecular testing had low impact on antibiotic modification.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13539,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases now","volume":"54 5","pages":"Article 104933"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666991924000964/pdfft?md5=e3bd4b3981907961474bf2a31316175d&pid=1-s2.0-S2666991924000964-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141158509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Best practice in the use of peripheral venous catheters: A consensus from French experts","authors":"Olivier Mimoz ,&nbsp;Anne Debonne ,&nbsp;Audrey Glanard ,&nbsp;Olivia Keita Perse ,&nbsp;Jean-Christophe Lucet","doi":"10.1016/j.idnow.2024.104923","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.idnow.2024.104923","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVCs) are the most commonly used invasive medical devices in healthcare. While they are often perceived as innocuous because they are common, this perception does not match their risk factors. In France, 16% of intravenous device-associated bacteremia are due to PIVCs. This consensus document reports the French experience in PIVC management, issues arising from their complications, and a proposed path toward improved PIVC care.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A panel of five French experts discussed this topic based on evidence and personal experience. A consensus process was applied to highlight the issues in need of increased awareness and to suggest possible improvements. PIVC topics were organized as General Statements, Indication, Preparation, Insertion, Maintenance, and Removal. An electronic survey was used to record agreement or disagreement; to expand the dataset, five additional French experts also answered the questions.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Out of 67 statements, 62 reached a consensus (the 80% agreement threshold was exceeded). Experts are increasingly aware that PIVCs are a significant source of complications, including local and bloodstream infections. Practices need to progress to improve patient outcomes, which will require better education for all personnel involved with the insertion and maintenance of PIVCs.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Current practice around PIVCs does not always comply with the recommendations issued. A new surveillance network targeting catheter-related healthcare-associated infections is now in place in France. Simplified, standardized, bundled solutions are needed to reduce avoidable harm from PIVCs. Healthcare practice has changed over time and new educational tools are needed to adapt to increased workload and time constraints.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13539,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases now","volume":"54 5","pages":"Article 104923"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666991924000800/pdfft?md5=fb7030333aeecdfbecb0bceb7e086b5a&pid=1-s2.0-S2666991924000800-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140957284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}