Indoor air最新文献

{"title":"Relationship between Indoor Living Environment and Housing Prices: A Case Study of the Taojinjiayuan Residential Quarter in Guangzhou, China","authors":"Yang Wang, Min Wang, Yingmei Wu, Xiaoli Yue, Xueying Li, Hong’ou Zhang","doi":"10.1155/2023/9984715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9984715","url":null,"abstract":"The indoor living environment of residential buildings is an important part of the habitat environment, affecting the living experience and well-being of the residents, which in turn influences the price of housing. However, few existing studies systematically concentrate on the integrated influence of the various elements of the indoor living environment on prices, and even fewer analyze the relationship between the indoor living environment and housing prices of different houses within the same residential quarter from a microperspective. Therefore, we use the Taojinjiayuan Residential Quarter, located in central Guangzhou City, China, as a case study area and analyze the extent and direction of the effect of the indoor living environment on housing prices. The study found that the quantitative evaluation results of the indoor living environment were reasonable. The integrated indoor living environment factors are closely related to housing prices. Orientation, view, and acoustic environment are significantly and positively related to housing prices, which have a different intensity of influence. These findings are beneficial to real estate developers, building designers, and residential users in quantitatively understanding the value of the indoor living environment.","PeriodicalId":13529,"journal":{"name":"Indoor air","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139246336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spreading a Durable Protective Layer of Quaternary Ammonium Agents on an N95 Respirator for Predecontamination of Airborne Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Viruses Using Mycobacterium smegmatis and Bacteriophage MS2 as Models","authors":"Bakhytbol Khumyrzakh, Yung-Chuan Cheng, Chuan-Yu Lai, Kai-Chih Chang, C. Tseng","doi":"10.1155/2023/8484714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8484714","url":null,"abstract":"Tuberculosis (TB) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), respectively, are serious public health issues. N95 respirators are commonly used to protect people from infections in high-risk environments. Consequently, we used Mycobacterium smegmatis and bacteriophage MS2 as MTB and SARS-CoV-2 surrogates to evaluate the ability of a quaternary ammonium agent (QAA) coating on the surface of new N95 respirators to reduce the microbial burden upon aerosol exposure. Regarding the burden (105 CFU (or PFU)/m3) of M. smegmatis and MS2 phage that settled onto the respirator surface, the QAA yielded average reduction efficiencies ( R % ) of 92.4% and 99.8%, respectively. In addition, the antimicrobial activity of the coated respirator was maintained for one week. For bioaerosols that contacted the respirator (105 CFU (or PFU)/m3), the R % of the QAA was 90.7% for M. smegmatis and 94.4% for MS2 phage on the outermost layer of the respirator. Moreover, filtration efficiencies between a QAA-coated respirator and an untreated respirator were not significantly altered ( p = 0.332 ). These results demonstrate that this QAA product has a durable antimicrobial activity and could reduce the MTB and SARS-CoV-2 concentrations on the N95 respirator surface. However, it is recommended that such a coating respirator not be worn for more than 4 hours based on hemolysis assay results.","PeriodicalId":13529,"journal":{"name":"Indoor air","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139246829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying Ventilation Design, Room Layout, and Occupant Activity Parameters during Aerosol-Generating Medical Procedures in Hospitals","authors":"Cole D. Christianson, Jared B. Baylis, Vicki Komisar, Joshua Brinkerhoff","doi":"10.1155/2023/6641824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6641824","url":null,"abstract":"The risk of airborne disease transmission in hospital rooms during aerosol-generating medical procedures is known to be influenced by the size of the room, air ventilation rate, input-to-output flow ratio, vent surface area, and vent location. However, quantitative recommendations for each ventilation design parameter are scarce. Moreover, room layout and occupant activity parameters, such as furniture locations and healthcare worker movement, are often omitted from studies on airborne disease transmission in hospital settings. As a result, the development of policies and technologies aimed at mitigating airborne disease transmission in hospitals has been limited. To address this shortfall, this study is aimed at first characterizing existing ventilation, room layout, and occupancy parameters in hospital rooms where aerosol generation medical procedures (AGMPs) occur and then testing the hypotheses that ventilation, room layout, and occupancy parameters vary significantly between hospital rooms and, in some cases, with time. Information on AGMPs was collected via a survey circulated to healthcare workers within British Columbia’s Interior Health Authority (IHA), while hospital room and ventilation system information was collected by reviewing drawing packages of 37 IHA hospital rooms. The survey results indicate that AGMPs commonly occur in trauma, ICU, or general ward rooms with positive or negative pressure ventilation systems. Statistical tests, with room type (trauma, ICU, or general), room pressure (positive or negative), and/or time as independent variables, show that variables relating to ventilation (number of supply vents, supply and exhaust vent location, ventilation rate, and supply and exhaust area) and room layout (congestion score, room volume, light area, and number of lights) vary with room type but not with room pressure. Occupant activity variables (number of workers, number of moving workers, and speed score) also vary with room type, although to differing extent with room pressure and time. The survey and drawing review data presented in this study can help guide systematic comparisons of mitigative technologies as well as parametric investigations on how room layout, ventilation, and operational parameters influence airborne disease spread. This is a crucial first step in achieving quantitative and clinically relevant recommendations for mitigating airborne disease transmission in healthcare settings.","PeriodicalId":13529,"journal":{"name":"Indoor air","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139250903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fine Particulate Matter Exposure and Health Impacts from Indoor Activities","authors":"Rachna Bhoonah, Alice Maury-Micolier, O. Jolliet, P. Fantke","doi":"10.1155/2023/8857446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8857446","url":null,"abstract":"Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is an important contributor to global human disease burden, particularly indoors where people spend the majority of their time and exposure is highest. We propose a framework linking indoor PM2.5 emissions from human activities to exposure and health impacts, expressed in Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY). Derived dynamic indoor PM2.5 concentrations—capturing temporal variations through different window-opening scenarios and air renewal rates—are used to estimate uncertainty for a parametric model (up to a factor of 114). Intake fractions (fraction of emitted substance taken in (μgintake/μgemitted)), effect factors (μDALY/μgintake), related impact characterisation factors (health impact per unit mass emitted (μDALY/μgemitted)), and impact scores (health impact per hour activity (μDALY/hactivity)) are provided for 19 one-hour indoor activities and can be flexibly scaled to real activity durations. Indoor concentrations exceeded recommended World Health Organization (WHO) limits for all activities at low ventilation rates. Per person, 98 to 119 μDALY/hactivity (52 to 63 minuteslost/hactivity) was associated with traditional fuel cook stoves, with high air renewal rates (3 and 14 h-1). The burning of candles, at low air renewal rates of 0.2 to 0.6 h-1, results in 7 to 11 μDALY/hactivity (4 to 11 minuteslost/hactivity). Derived impact scores and characterisation factors serve as a starting point for integrating indoor PM2.5 emissions and exposure into life cycle impact and public health assessments.","PeriodicalId":13529,"journal":{"name":"Indoor air","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139254259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Assessment of Indoor Air Quality and Thermal Comfort in Educational Buildings in the Mediterranean Climate","authors":"S. Miao, M. Gangolells, B. Tejedor","doi":"10.1155/2023/6649829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6649829","url":null,"abstract":"Maintaining good indoor air quality and thermal comfort is a challenge for naturally ventilated educational buildings, as it can be difficult to achieve both aspects simultaneously. Nonetheless, most of the existing studies only focus on one aspect. To explore the potential of balancing indoor air quality and thermal comfort, both topics must be investigated concurrently. This study assessed indoor air quality and thermal comfort in 32 naturally ventilated classrooms of 16 primary and secondary schools in the Mediterranean climate, based on a large on-site measurement campaign lasting one year that gathered over 460 hours of data. The research investigated occupants’ adaptive behaviors, analyzed the actual thermal comfort of around 600 students, and characterized the representative scenarios leading to good and poor indoor air quality and thermal comfort by clustering analysis. The results showed that poor indoor air quality was mainly due to closing windows and doors in winter, while thermal discomfort mainly occurred in summer because of the high indoor temperature. The findings suggested that a proper ventilation protocol is the key to balancing indoor air quality and thermal comfort.","PeriodicalId":13529,"journal":{"name":"Indoor air","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139265071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Road Transport’s Contribution to Pakistan’s Air Pollutionin the Urban Environment","authors":"Abdullah Umair Bajwa, Hassan Aftab Sheikh","doi":"10.3390/air1040018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/air1040018","url":null,"abstract":"The urban areas of Pakistan exhibit some of the world’s highest levels of air pollution, primarily due to sub-2.5 μm particulate emissions. This issue significantly impairs both the country’s economy and the quality of life of its residents. Road transport is a significant contributor to anthropogenic air pollution but there are discrepancies about the extent of its share. Source apportionment and sectoral inventory studies attribute anywhere between 5 and >80% of the total air pollution to vehicular sources. This uncertainty propagates into the transport policy interventions that are informed by such studies and can thus hinder the achievement of desired pollution mitigation targets. In an effort to reconcile such discrepancies and guide future studies and policy-making efforts, this paper critically reviews source apportionment studies conducted in the urban centres of Pakistan over the past two decades. The strengths and weaknesses of different approaches are compared, and results from the studies are discussed based on the emissions profile of Pakistan’s automotive fleet that emerges. Inconsistencies in the reporting of pollutant concentrations and interpreting their impacts without accounting for the relative disease burden of different pollutant species are found to be the major reasons for the large variations in the reported sectoral shares. At the end, a framework for regular air pollution monitoring and source tracking is proposed in which high-fidelity receptor-based studies inform lower-fidelity but economical sectoral inventory assessments.","PeriodicalId":13529,"journal":{"name":"Indoor air","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135933810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategic Placement of Portable Air Cleaners for Enhanced Aerosol Control in Dental Treatment Rooms: A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Analysis","authors":"Yanin Rattanatigul, Arpiruk Hokpunna, Pimduen Rungsiyakull, Kullapop Suttiat","doi":"10.1155/2023/2581698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2581698","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Adequate ventilation is imperative for controlling respiratory transmission, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The commercial portable air cleaners have emerged as practical solutions to reduce contaminated aerosols in dental treatment rooms. This study employs computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to assess their impact on airflow dynamics. Methods. Dental treatment room models were constructed using SolidWorks software, encompassing two distinct air conditioner grille orientations (straightening and 45-degree downward directions) and five different positions for the portable air cleaner (two located at the rear left/right of the dental unit and three at the foot end of the dental unit—center, left, and right corners). The study examined alterations in airflow direction and residual aerosol concentrations using ANSYS Fluent software. Results. The incorporation of portable air cleaners in dental treatment rooms significantly reduced aerosol levels across all model configurations. Notably, the placement of the portable air cleaner emerged as a critical factor influencing airflow patterns. In models with straightening and 45-degree downward air conditioner grille orientations, optimal positioning was near the operating field and at the foot end of the dental chair, respectively. Conclusion. This investigation highlights the pivotal role of strategic portable air cleaner placement in dental treatment rooms for effective aerosol removal. Placing the air cleaner near the operating field or at the foot end of the dental chair not only improved airflow patterns but also enhanced aerosol removal efficiency, ultimately promoting superior air quality within dental treatment environments.","PeriodicalId":13529,"journal":{"name":"Indoor air","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135810403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Field Investigation of the Thermal Comfort of Older Adults in Cold Winter Climates","authors":"María Teresa Baquero, Roger Vergés, Katia Gaspar, Nuria Forcada","doi":"10.1155/2023/9185216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9185216","url":null,"abstract":"Population ageing, extreme weather, and high energy costs are the current and future global scenarios. The present study analyses the factors affecting the thermal comfort of older adults and evaluates their thermal perceptions and preferences in nursing homes in a Continental Mediterranean climate during winter, through environmental measurements and surveys on site. The sample consists of 1065 occupants. Results of this study revealed that the neutral temperature of older adults in nursing homes in cold winter climates is 24.9°C, 2.3°C higher than what PMV predicts. Results also highlight that older adults feel more comfortable in those spaces with higher CO2 concentrations than recommended by regulation. The analysis of factors affecting thermal comfort revealed that the most relevant factors affecting the thermal comfort of older adults in cold winter climates are (i) the type of room, which indirectly implies the metabolic rate of the occupants, the type of ventilation, and the CO2 level; (ii) the occupancy density; and (iii) the relative humidity of the room. These results will help to develop more accurate thermal comfort and indoor environmental quality regulations for older people that improve their health and quality of life. The modification of temperature setpoints in nursing homes based on the results of this study could influence energy use and should be carefully considered by policy makers and facility managers.","PeriodicalId":13529,"journal":{"name":"Indoor air","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136233725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Study on Sleep Quality in Naturally Ventilated Rooms under Moderate Climate Conditions","authors":"Kyohei Kondo, Takashi Asawa","doi":"10.1155/2023/8853643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8853643","url":null,"abstract":"Optimizing the thermal environment of a bedroom is desirable for good sleep. In moderate climatic conditions, natural ventilation is a viable method for enhancing the quality of sleep by improving indoor air conditions. This study examined the effects of air temperature and wind speed on sleep quality in naturally ventilated rooms with windows open and closed, during autumn. Thirteen young males in healthy conditions participated in this study. Two adjacent test rooms (for opened and closed conditions) were selected on a university campus, with standardized indoor conditions. Air temperature and wind speed were measured near the height of the participants’ heads. Sleep efficiency and wake after sleep onset (WASO) were calculated using physiological wearable sensors based on heart rate and body movement. The participants completed questionnaires on thermal sensation and comfort before and after sleep. The results showed that the lowest percentage of WASO was observed when the nocturnal mean temperature was 23–24°C with a quadratic regression curve regardless of the window opening conditions. Conversely, subjective sleep satisfaction and WASO did not show any significant differences between the conditions. The results revealed no significant impact of varying thermal and airflow conditions during autumn on thermal/airflow comfort, although significant differences were observed in the thermal/airflow sensation before and after sleep. Thus, these results suggest that natural ventilation through the opening of windows might not affect thermal/airflow comfort, while a nocturnal indoor air temperature of 23–24°C is recommended for good sleep and thermal comfort, regardless of window opening conditions under moderate climate conditions.","PeriodicalId":13529,"journal":{"name":"Indoor air","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136317775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nontrivial Impact of Relative Humidity on Organic New Particle Formation from Ozonolysis of cis-3-Hexenyl Acetate","authors":"Austin C. Flueckiger, Christopher N. Snyder, Giuseppe A. Petrucci","doi":"10.3390/air1040017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/air1040017","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of relative humidity (RH) on organic new particle formation (NPF) from the ozonolysis of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) remains an area of active debate. Previous reports provide contradictory results, indicating both the depression and enhancement of NPF under conditions of high RH. Herein, we report on the impact of RH on NPF from the dark ozonolysis of cis-3-hexenyl acetate (CHA), a green-leaf volatile (GLV) emitted by vegetation. We show that RH inhibits NPF by this BVOC, essentially shutting it down at RH levels > 1%. While the mechanism for the inhibition of NPF remains unclear, we demonstrate that it is likely not due to increased losses of CHA to the humid chamber walls. New oxidation products dominant under humid conditions are proposed that, based on estimated vapor pressures (VPs), should enhance NPF; however, it is possible that the vapor phase concentration of these low-volatility products is not sufficient to initiate NPF. Furthermore, the reaction of C3-excited state Criegee intermediates (CIs) with water may lead to the formation of small carboxylic acids that do not contribute to NPF. This hypothesis is supported by experiments with quaternary O3 + CHA + α-pinene + RH systems, which showed decreases in total α-pinene-derived NPF at ~0% RH and subsequent recovery at elevated RH.","PeriodicalId":13529,"journal":{"name":"Indoor air","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136032672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}