Indoor air最新文献

{"title":"Validation of In-Room UV-C-Based Air Cleaners","authors":"Xing Li, E. R. Blatchley","doi":"10.1155/2023/5510449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/5510449","url":null,"abstract":"The risks to human health posed by airborne pathogens can be mitigated by the use of ultraviolet-C (UV-C) radiation. In general, UV-C-based systems should be applied in a manner that allows effective inactivation of airborne pathogens, while controlling human exposure to below defined limits. Among the methods used to apply UV-C radiation in indoor settings to meet these objectives are UV-C-based air cleaners. These devices can be effective for the control of airborne pathogens, but methods are needed to quantify and validate their performance. To address this need, an experiment-based method and a mathematical model were developed to quantify the effects of UV-C-based air cleaners on the concentration of an aerosolized, viral challenge agent. The method and model were demonstrated to allow quantification of disinfection efficacy and to allow translation of the results from the test environment to the application environment. The primary figure-of-merit from these tests was the clean air delivery rate (CADR), which is commonly used to characterize the disinfection efficacy of these devices. The ability of a validated air cleaner to improve indoor air quality in application settings is simulated based on the measured value of CADR from laboratory tests and the mathematical model.","PeriodicalId":13529,"journal":{"name":"Indoor air","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139200170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Approach towards Assessing the Impact of Air Quality and Major Public Health Emergencies on Light Industry: A Multiscale Investigation towards Improving the Risk Prevention System","authors":"Fang Su, Nini Song, H. Shang, S. Fahad","doi":"10.1155/2023/6031225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6031225","url":null,"abstract":"Measuring the systemic impact of major public health emergencies on the light industry and preventing various uncertain future external risks have become the key challenges to ensuring the stability of the light industry. This paper takes the occurrence of major public health emergencies as the background and focuses on environmental issues such as air pollution and indoor air quality degradation during emergencies. And to explore the multiscale impact of major public health emergencies on the light industry, typical light industry subsectors, and light industry enterprises. The findings of our study reveal that major public health emergencies have a negative impact on the light industry, particularly in the form of a short-term decline in exports, which tends to converge in the long run. Further, it is also revealed that there is heterogeneity in the impact on environmentally sensitive industries, labor-intensive industries, and others. At the microfirm level, major public health emergencies have shown a negative effect, especially the recent pandemic, which has a longer duration and a wider reach. Through multiscale research, this paper provides policy suggestions to improve the macrogovernance mechanism and risk prevention system for the light industry.","PeriodicalId":13529,"journal":{"name":"Indoor air","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139200164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phthalate Concentration Estimation and Exposure Assessment and Health Risk Assessment in Indoor Organic Film","authors":"Jung-In Jeon, Hyemin Lee, Si-Hyun Park, D. Yoon, Jeong-Il Lee, Cheol-Min Lee","doi":"10.1155/2023/5491647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/5491647","url":null,"abstract":"Organic films act as passive air samplers and can be employed to assess the concentration of semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs), such as phthalates, in the gas phase over a defined period using the kinetic adsorption model. Consequently, indoor organic films have been identified as effective media for evaluating human exposure to SVOCs. This study proposed an organic film-based method for assessing SVOC exposure in the indoor environment. Exposure assessments of various phthalate pathways were conducted on children and adults. Organic films were collected for analysis from 110 residential dwellings in metropolitan areas over a two-month period. The exposure assessments were categorized into inhalation, oral, and dermal exposure pathways. Diethyl phthalate was highest in inhalation exposure, dibutyl phthalate represented the highest dermal exposure, and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate was identified as the highest contributor to oral exposure. For children, the primary exposure pathways included dermal absorption of DBP, DEP, diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP), butylbenzyl phthalate (BBP), and di-n-hexyl phthalate (DNHP); dust ingestion of DEHP and di-n-octyl phthalate (DNOP); and inhalation of dimethyl phthalate (DMP). The ECR and HQ for inhalation, dermal, and ingestion did not exceed the threshold in children and adults at all pollutants, suggesting no potential health impact. In contrast, the primary routes of exposure for adults were dermal absorption of DBP, DMP, DEP, DiBP, BBP, and DNHP, along with dust ingestion of DEHP and DNOP. The findings of this study provide valuable baseline data for future research in health risk and SVOC exposure assessments utilizing indoor organic films.","PeriodicalId":13529,"journal":{"name":"Indoor air","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139245470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between Indoor Living Environment and Housing Prices: A Case Study of the Taojinjiayuan Residential Quarter in Guangzhou, China","authors":"Yang Wang, Min Wang, Yingmei Wu, Xiaoli Yue, Xueying Li, Hong’ou Zhang","doi":"10.1155/2023/9984715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9984715","url":null,"abstract":"The indoor living environment of residential buildings is an important part of the habitat environment, affecting the living experience and well-being of the residents, which in turn influences the price of housing. However, few existing studies systematically concentrate on the integrated influence of the various elements of the indoor living environment on prices, and even fewer analyze the relationship between the indoor living environment and housing prices of different houses within the same residential quarter from a microperspective. Therefore, we use the Taojinjiayuan Residential Quarter, located in central Guangzhou City, China, as a case study area and analyze the extent and direction of the effect of the indoor living environment on housing prices. The study found that the quantitative evaluation results of the indoor living environment were reasonable. The integrated indoor living environment factors are closely related to housing prices. Orientation, view, and acoustic environment are significantly and positively related to housing prices, which have a different intensity of influence. These findings are beneficial to real estate developers, building designers, and residential users in quantitatively understanding the value of the indoor living environment.","PeriodicalId":13529,"journal":{"name":"Indoor air","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139246336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spreading a Durable Protective Layer of Quaternary Ammonium Agents on an N95 Respirator for Predecontamination of Airborne Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Viruses Using Mycobacterium smegmatis and Bacteriophage MS2 as Models","authors":"Bakhytbol Khumyrzakh, Yung-Chuan Cheng, Chuan-Yu Lai, Kai-Chih Chang, C. Tseng","doi":"10.1155/2023/8484714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8484714","url":null,"abstract":"Tuberculosis (TB) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), respectively, are serious public health issues. N95 respirators are commonly used to protect people from infections in high-risk environments. Consequently, we used Mycobacterium smegmatis and bacteriophage MS2 as MTB and SARS-CoV-2 surrogates to evaluate the ability of a quaternary ammonium agent (QAA) coating on the surface of new N95 respirators to reduce the microbial burden upon aerosol exposure. Regarding the burden (105 CFU (or PFU)/m3) of M. smegmatis and MS2 phage that settled onto the respirator surface, the QAA yielded average reduction efficiencies ( R % ) of 92.4% and 99.8%, respectively. In addition, the antimicrobial activity of the coated respirator was maintained for one week. For bioaerosols that contacted the respirator (105 CFU (or PFU)/m3), the R % of the QAA was 90.7% for M. smegmatis and 94.4% for MS2 phage on the outermost layer of the respirator. Moreover, filtration efficiencies between a QAA-coated respirator and an untreated respirator were not significantly altered ( p = 0.332 ). These results demonstrate that this QAA product has a durable antimicrobial activity and could reduce the MTB and SARS-CoV-2 concentrations on the N95 respirator surface. However, it is recommended that such a coating respirator not be worn for more than 4 hours based on hemolysis assay results.","PeriodicalId":13529,"journal":{"name":"Indoor air","volume":"52 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139246829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying Ventilation Design, Room Layout, and Occupant Activity Parameters during Aerosol-Generating Medical Procedures in Hospitals","authors":"Cole D. Christianson, Jared B. Baylis, Vicki Komisar, Joshua Brinkerhoff","doi":"10.1155/2023/6641824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6641824","url":null,"abstract":"The risk of airborne disease transmission in hospital rooms during aerosol-generating medical procedures is known to be influenced by the size of the room, air ventilation rate, input-to-output flow ratio, vent surface area, and vent location. However, quantitative recommendations for each ventilation design parameter are scarce. Moreover, room layout and occupant activity parameters, such as furniture locations and healthcare worker movement, are often omitted from studies on airborne disease transmission in hospital settings. As a result, the development of policies and technologies aimed at mitigating airborne disease transmission in hospitals has been limited. To address this shortfall, this study is aimed at first characterizing existing ventilation, room layout, and occupancy parameters in hospital rooms where aerosol generation medical procedures (AGMPs) occur and then testing the hypotheses that ventilation, room layout, and occupancy parameters vary significantly between hospital rooms and, in some cases, with time. Information on AGMPs was collected via a survey circulated to healthcare workers within British Columbia’s Interior Health Authority (IHA), while hospital room and ventilation system information was collected by reviewing drawing packages of 37 IHA hospital rooms. The survey results indicate that AGMPs commonly occur in trauma, ICU, or general ward rooms with positive or negative pressure ventilation systems. Statistical tests, with room type (trauma, ICU, or general), room pressure (positive or negative), and/or time as independent variables, show that variables relating to ventilation (number of supply vents, supply and exhaust vent location, ventilation rate, and supply and exhaust area) and room layout (congestion score, room volume, light area, and number of lights) vary with room type but not with room pressure. Occupant activity variables (number of workers, number of moving workers, and speed score) also vary with room type, although to differing extent with room pressure and time. The survey and drawing review data presented in this study can help guide systematic comparisons of mitigative technologies as well as parametric investigations on how room layout, ventilation, and operational parameters influence airborne disease spread. This is a crucial first step in achieving quantitative and clinically relevant recommendations for mitigating airborne disease transmission in healthcare settings.","PeriodicalId":13529,"journal":{"name":"Indoor air","volume":"49 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139250903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fine Particulate Matter Exposure and Health Impacts from Indoor Activities","authors":"Rachna Bhoonah, Alice Maury-Micolier, O. Jolliet, P. Fantke","doi":"10.1155/2023/8857446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8857446","url":null,"abstract":"Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is an important contributor to global human disease burden, particularly indoors where people spend the majority of their time and exposure is highest. We propose a framework linking indoor PM2.5 emissions from human activities to exposure and health impacts, expressed in Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY). Derived dynamic indoor PM2.5 concentrations—capturing temporal variations through different window-opening scenarios and air renewal rates—are used to estimate uncertainty for a parametric model (up to a factor of 114). Intake fractions (fraction of emitted substance taken in (μgintake/μgemitted)), effect factors (μDALY/μgintake), related impact characterisation factors (health impact per unit mass emitted (μDALY/μgemitted)), and impact scores (health impact per hour activity (μDALY/hactivity)) are provided for 19 one-hour indoor activities and can be flexibly scaled to real activity durations. Indoor concentrations exceeded recommended World Health Organization (WHO) limits for all activities at low ventilation rates. Per person, 98 to 119 μDALY/hactivity (52 to 63 minuteslost/hactivity) was associated with traditional fuel cook stoves, with high air renewal rates (3 and 14 h-1). The burning of candles, at low air renewal rates of 0.2 to 0.6 h-1, results in 7 to 11 μDALY/hactivity (4 to 11 minuteslost/hactivity). Derived impact scores and characterisation factors serve as a starting point for integrating indoor PM2.5 emissions and exposure into life cycle impact and public health assessments.","PeriodicalId":13529,"journal":{"name":"Indoor air","volume":"65 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139254259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Assessment of Indoor Air Quality and Thermal Comfort in Educational Buildings in the Mediterranean Climate","authors":"S. Miao, M. Gangolells, B. Tejedor","doi":"10.1155/2023/6649829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6649829","url":null,"abstract":"Maintaining good indoor air quality and thermal comfort is a challenge for naturally ventilated educational buildings, as it can be difficult to achieve both aspects simultaneously. Nonetheless, most of the existing studies only focus on one aspect. To explore the potential of balancing indoor air quality and thermal comfort, both topics must be investigated concurrently. This study assessed indoor air quality and thermal comfort in 32 naturally ventilated classrooms of 16 primary and secondary schools in the Mediterranean climate, based on a large on-site measurement campaign lasting one year that gathered over 460 hours of data. The research investigated occupants’ adaptive behaviors, analyzed the actual thermal comfort of around 600 students, and characterized the representative scenarios leading to good and poor indoor air quality and thermal comfort by clustering analysis. The results showed that poor indoor air quality was mainly due to closing windows and doors in winter, while thermal discomfort mainly occurred in summer because of the high indoor temperature. The findings suggested that a proper ventilation protocol is the key to balancing indoor air quality and thermal comfort.","PeriodicalId":13529,"journal":{"name":"Indoor air","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139265071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Road Transport’s Contribution to Pakistan’s Air Pollutionin the Urban Environment","authors":"Abdullah Umair Bajwa, Hassan Aftab Sheikh","doi":"10.3390/air1040018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/air1040018","url":null,"abstract":"The urban areas of Pakistan exhibit some of the world’s highest levels of air pollution, primarily due to sub-2.5 μm particulate emissions. This issue significantly impairs both the country’s economy and the quality of life of its residents. Road transport is a significant contributor to anthropogenic air pollution but there are discrepancies about the extent of its share. Source apportionment and sectoral inventory studies attribute anywhere between 5 and >80% of the total air pollution to vehicular sources. This uncertainty propagates into the transport policy interventions that are informed by such studies and can thus hinder the achievement of desired pollution mitigation targets. In an effort to reconcile such discrepancies and guide future studies and policy-making efforts, this paper critically reviews source apportionment studies conducted in the urban centres of Pakistan over the past two decades. The strengths and weaknesses of different approaches are compared, and results from the studies are discussed based on the emissions profile of Pakistan’s automotive fleet that emerges. Inconsistencies in the reporting of pollutant concentrations and interpreting their impacts without accounting for the relative disease burden of different pollutant species are found to be the major reasons for the large variations in the reported sectoral shares. At the end, a framework for regular air pollution monitoring and source tracking is proposed in which high-fidelity receptor-based studies inform lower-fidelity but economical sectoral inventory assessments.","PeriodicalId":13529,"journal":{"name":"Indoor air","volume":"64 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135933810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategic Placement of Portable Air Cleaners for Enhanced Aerosol Control in Dental Treatment Rooms: A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Analysis","authors":"Yanin Rattanatigul, Arpiruk Hokpunna, Pimduen Rungsiyakull, Kullapop Suttiat","doi":"10.1155/2023/2581698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2581698","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Adequate ventilation is imperative for controlling respiratory transmission, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The commercial portable air cleaners have emerged as practical solutions to reduce contaminated aerosols in dental treatment rooms. This study employs computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to assess their impact on airflow dynamics. Methods. Dental treatment room models were constructed using SolidWorks software, encompassing two distinct air conditioner grille orientations (straightening and 45-degree downward directions) and five different positions for the portable air cleaner (two located at the rear left/right of the dental unit and three at the foot end of the dental unit—center, left, and right corners). The study examined alterations in airflow direction and residual aerosol concentrations using ANSYS Fluent software. Results. The incorporation of portable air cleaners in dental treatment rooms significantly reduced aerosol levels across all model configurations. Notably, the placement of the portable air cleaner emerged as a critical factor influencing airflow patterns. In models with straightening and 45-degree downward air conditioner grille orientations, optimal positioning was near the operating field and at the foot end of the dental chair, respectively. Conclusion. This investigation highlights the pivotal role of strategic portable air cleaner placement in dental treatment rooms for effective aerosol removal. Placing the air cleaner near the operating field or at the foot end of the dental chair not only improved airflow patterns but also enhanced aerosol removal efficiency, ultimately promoting superior air quality within dental treatment environments.","PeriodicalId":13529,"journal":{"name":"Indoor air","volume":"115 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135810403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}