Indoor air最新文献

{"title":"Relationships between Electroencephalogram and Thermal Perception of Passenger in Winter Vehicle Compartments","authors":"Xin Xu,&nbsp;Lanping Zhao,&nbsp;Yuxin Hu,&nbsp;Qinyue Zheng,&nbsp;Guomin Wu,&nbsp;Zhigang Yang","doi":"10.1155/2024/6816185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/6816185","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>The development of electric vehicles (EVs) has prompted a critical examination of the trade-off between range and human thermal comfort. Therefore, an accurate, real-time assessment of human thermal perception inside vehicles is important. This study investigates an electroencephalogram- (EEG-) based method for evaluating human thermal comfort in the vehicle passenger compartment. Under transient winter heating conditions, the study experimentally investigates the correlation between objective physiological parameters (skin temperature and electroencephalogram) and subjective human thermal perception. The results reveal distinct patterns in EEG signals corresponding to changes in thermal perception. Specifically, the <i>δ</i> rhythm exhibits a U-shape variation with increasing thermal perception, while the <i>θ</i>, <i>α</i>, <i>β</i>, and <i>γ</i> rhythms display an inverted U-shape variation. Differences in each frequency band across thermal comfort states in humans are greater than differences in the frequency band across thermal sensation states. Furthermore, the relative power of the <i>θ</i> rhythm emerges as the most effective in discerning the thermal perception state of the human body. The EEG signal characteristics of the T7 and T8 channels align more closely with human thermal sensation, whereas the AF4 channel excels at discriminating the state of human thermal comfort. The insights gained from this study serve as a foundation for evaluating human thermal perception in vehicles, enhancing human-vehicle interaction, and addressing challenges related to human thermal comfort and vehicle range.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13529,"journal":{"name":"Indoor air","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/6816185","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141246099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Does the Interaction of the Human Thermal Plume and Breathing Affect the Microenvironment and Macroenvironment of an Elevator Cabin?","authors":"Farzad Pourfattah,&nbsp;Weiwei Deng,&nbsp;Lian-Ping Wang","doi":"10.1155/2024/9593123","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/9593123","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>The details of the interaction of human thermal plume and breathing activities are simulated in the current study of an unsteady turbulent flow field in an elevator cabin. Air velocity and temperature distributions of the circulation flow pattern (i.e., the macroenvironment), the breathing-scale microenvironment’s characteristics, and the thermal plume’s fate are analyzed. The current study is aimed at showing how respiratory activities such as breathing and human thermal plumes affect the flow field and respiratory contaminants dispersion pattern in a nonventilated enclosed environment (the elevator cabin). The results from three cases, i.e., breathing thermal manikins, nonbreathing thermal manikins, and isothermal breathing manikins, are contrasted to unveil better the effects of human thermal plume and breathing on the flow field, including the velocity distribution, dispersion pattern of the exhaled contaminant, the human body’s heat transfer coefficient, and the large-scale flow pattern. Results reveal that breathing inhalation increases the upward velocity of the thermal plume on the one hand, which directly affects the microenvironment and indirectly impacts the macroenvironment due to the more vigorous reflected thermal plume. On the other hand, the upward thermal plume reduces the penetration length of the exhaled jet. Breathing activities create ring vortices that connect the microenvironment and the macroenvironment. The circulation flow features a downward flow in the cabin’s center, affecting the vortex strength and contaminant dispersion pattern. Overall, the human thermal plume and human breathing make comparable contributions to the resulting elevator-cabin flow characteristics.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13529,"journal":{"name":"Indoor air","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/9593123","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141110951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formaldehyde-Degrading Bacteria R1 Is Effective in Removing HCHO from the Air in an Indoor Environment","authors":"Ru Wang,&nbsp;Wenyuan Wang,&nbsp;Wei Zhang,&nbsp;Zhengxue Li,&nbsp;Zhengyang An,&nbsp;Dongming Zhou,&nbsp;Yong Min","doi":"10.1155/2024/6810701","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/6810701","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Formaldehyde (HCHO) is a widespread air pollutant in the indoor environment. Previous studies have shown that some bacteria have potential application to remove indoor HCHO. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of <i>Methylobacterium</i> sp. strain R1 (S-R1) in removing formaldehyde (HCHO) from indoor air using biofilters. Three experiments confirmed S-R1’s ability to degrade HCHO in the air, with ¹³C-NMR analysis revealing its involvement in the metabolic process. Optimal biofilter parameters, including 35 sponge layers, 30% humidity, and 9.50 m³/min air flow, resulted in a removal efficiency of up to 90% and an elimination capability of 24111-27000 <i>μ</i>g/(m³∗h) during a 60-minute test period. Long-term (31-day) operation of the biofilter with the optimal parameters effectively reduced HCHO levels from 1.60 mg/m³ to 0.02-0.03 mg/m³, below China’s national standard, and maintained this level. Fluorescence microscope observation and downstream gas detection revealed stable S-R1 cell numbers and no bacterial leakage, respectively. Two conclusions can be drawn: (1) S-R1 is effective in removing HCHO in polluted air and (2) with optimum parameters, the S-R1 biofilter is engineering effective in purifying the indoor air environment.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13529,"journal":{"name":"Indoor air","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/6810701","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141116151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prioritising Actions for Improving Classroom Air Quality Based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process: Case Studies in China and the UK","authors":"Ziyu Shu,&nbsp;Feng Yuan,&nbsp;Jie Wang,&nbsp;Jian Zang,&nbsp;Baizhan Li,&nbsp;Mehdi Shahrestani,&nbsp;Emmanuel Essah,&nbsp;Hazim Awbi,&nbsp;Mike Holland,&nbsp;Fangxin Fang,&nbsp;Christopher Pain,&nbsp;Prashant Kumar,&nbsp;Hua Zhong,&nbsp;Alan Short,&nbsp;Paul Linden,&nbsp;Runming Yao","doi":"10.1155/2024/5531325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/5531325","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The air quality in classrooms significantly impacts school children’s health and learning performance. It has been reported worldwide that classroom air quality does not meet the required standard and actions are pledged for improvement. However, it poses a challenge for decision-making in terms of prioritising taking-up measures. The aim of this study is to propose a method of identifying the action measures for improving classroom air quality and prioritising them. Case studies in the UK and China were conducted, and the key measures were identified through literature studies, open-ended questionnaire surveys, and workshop discussions, which are classified into three categories: B1, policy; B2, technology; and B3, information sharing. The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) is applied in the prioritisation of the action measures. A total of 138 teachers and parents from China and the UK participated in this case study. The genetic algorithm-optimised Hadamard product (GAOHP) method is applied to justify the consistency ratio (CR) within the required threshold value in order to ensure the consistency of the subjective perception and the accuracy of comparative weights. The results show that item B2, technology, is the most desired measure by both Chinese and British parents and teachers, despite the deviation from the optimal choice in China and the UK. Among the proposed action measures, the UK respondents strongly expected air purifiers with natural ventilation as opposed to their Chinese counterparts preferring to share the real-time status of classroom air quality. Our work will provide strong support for the subsequent selection of indoor air quality improvement strategies for schools.</p>","PeriodicalId":13529,"journal":{"name":"Indoor air","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141164960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in Indoor Air Quality in Public Facilities before and after the Enactment of Taiwan’s Indoor Air Quality Management Act","authors":"Hsiu-Ling Chen,&nbsp;Pei-Shan Chih,&nbsp;Kai-Jen Chuang,&nbsp;Hsiao-Chi Chuang,&nbsp;Li-Te Chang","doi":"10.1155/2024/5898087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/5898087","url":null,"abstract":"<p>South Korea was the first to administer the Indoor Air Quality Control Act in 1996, followed by Taiwan’s implementation in 2012. This study investigated indoor air quality (IAQ) in public facilities before and after the enactment of Taiwan’s Indoor Air Quality Management (IAQM) Act in 2012 to assess the effectiveness of the Act. The study also calculates health risks for employers, and consumers/visitors separately. The mean concentration of carbon dioxide (CO₂) after the IAQM Act’s enactment was higher than before, except for government offices. The lowest attainment rates for CO₂, below 80%, were 73% in hospitals and 78% in libraries. As for formaldehyde, average concentrations were higher after the IAQM Act’s implementation, except for the exhibition room and library. Notably, improvements in particulate matter with a diameter less than 2.5 <i>μ</i>m (PM_2.5) levels were evident in hospitals and libraries compared to other environments (attainment rates increased from 85% to 100% and 89% to 94%, respectively). However, in schools, preschools, and public transport spaces, unattainment rates worsened. Regarding cancer risk from formaldehyde exposure in the public, the 95% of upper risk limits ranged from 3.44 × 10⁻⁵ in the public transport system to 8.80 × 10⁻⁴ in preschools. Our findings highlight the necessity of integrating more measurement data after IAQM Act implementation and formulating management strategies based on risk assessments for future investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":13529,"journal":{"name":"Indoor air","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141164959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Particle Filters for Portable Air Purifiers by Combining Melt-Blown and Polytetrafluoroethylene to Improve Durability and Performance","authors":"Hyunjun Yun,&nbsp;Ji Hoon Seo,&nbsp;Jinho Yang","doi":"10.1155/2024/5055615","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/5055615","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Improving indoor air quality through the use of air purifiers has become a major focus, with emphasis on developing filters with high efficiency, high holding capacity, and low-pressure drop to improve the clean air delivery rate (CADR) for air purifiers. However, although most studies focused on developing media and evaluating their performance, few studies have reached the employment for a pleated filter. In this study, we newly synthesized flat media and pleated filters by combining polytetrafluoroethylene membrane (PT) and melt-blown (MB) materials (PM) and compared its initial performance to that of other air purifier filters (MB, glass fiber, and PT). Additionally, we analyzed how the performance changed after the particles were loaded. The initial efficiency of the PM filter showed a higher quality factor (QF) than the other filters. Furthermore, when more particles were loaded, the penetration of the PM did not change. These results demonstrate the potential of the PM. However, the CADR and submicron-sized (0.02–0.113 <i>μ</i>m) CADR (sCADR) were highest for the MB filter due to the initial pressure drop. Therefore, additional improvements are required to apply the PM in air purifiers. However, the results suggest that the PM can be a new alternative for air purifier filters used in medical centers or facilities with vulnerable populations where a high-efficiency particle air (HEPA) filter must be used.</p>","PeriodicalId":13529,"journal":{"name":"Indoor air","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140662569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of NPAH Exposure on Lung Function of Children in Indoor Coal Combustion Environment","authors":"Beibei Wang,&nbsp;He Huang,&nbsp;Ning Qin,&nbsp;Wenjing Zhao,&nbsp;Qin Wang,&nbsp;Suzhen Cao,&nbsp;Xing Chen,&nbsp;Xiangyu Xu,&nbsp;Xiaoli Duan","doi":"10.1155/2024/6192008","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/6192008","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (NPAH) emissions from the combustion of household solid fuel may cause great harm to public health. Children are one of the most susceptible population groups at risk of indoor air pollutants due to their immature respiratory and immune systems. In this study, a primary school using household coal combustion for heating in winter was selected and forty participants were randomly recruited among schoolchildren. Fine particulate matter samples were collected by both individual portable samplers and fixed middle-flow samplers during the heating and nonheating seasons. The NPAH concentrations in PM_2.5 samples were analyzed by a gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer. Potential sources of NPAHs were identified by NPAH ratios as well as principal component analysis. Lung function of children was tested by an electronic spirometer. The relationship between NPAH exposure level and children’s lung function was studied. Finally, the cancer risk caused by NPAH inhalation was assessed. The results showed significantly higher individual NPAH exposure level in heating season (0.901 ± 0.396 ng·m^-3) than that in nonheating season (0.094 ± 0.107 ng·m^-3). Coal/biomass combustion and secondary formation were the potential NPAH sources in heating season. Significantly lower lung function of children was also found in heating season compared with that in nonheating season. As a result of the Monte Carlo simulation, the averaged incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) values from the inhalation of NPAHs in the heating and nonheating seasons were 3.50 × 10⁻⁸ and 2.13 × 10⁻⁸, respectively. Our research revealed the association between NPAH exposure and children’s lung function and confirmed the adverse effect of indoor coal combustion. The results also indicated that further control strategies on indoor coal combustion are needed to reduce the risk of NPAH exposure and protect children’s health.</p>","PeriodicalId":13529,"journal":{"name":"Indoor air","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140668546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Window Position and Exhaust Flow Rate on Residential Kitchen Hood Performance: A Validated Numerical Approach","authors":"Yi-An Lin,&nbsp;Ying-Chieh Chan,&nbsp;Wan-Chen Lee","doi":"10.1155/2024/8834373","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/8834373","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Previous studies showed that opening windows could help with kitchen ventilation in pollutant removal. However, no studies have systematically examined the impacts of window positions on kitchen hood performance, and there is insufficient information on indoor airflow characteristics and pollutant distribution from makeup air through open windows. Therefore, the objective of this study was to use a validated computational fluid dynamics approach with CO₂ as an indoor air quality indicator (a surrogate for cooking emissions) to understand the impacts of exhaust flow rate and the window opening position on the flow characteristics, concentration distribution, and capture efficiency (CE) of the hood. We conducted four-point validation tests of the numerical models based on CO₂ concentration and temperature measurements under steady-state conditions. The validated models were subsequently used in simulations to understand the effects of six different window opening positions and the two exhaust flow rates on exposure. We found that the CO₂ concentration could be better reduced by having windows open at the higher location. Generally, the front windows were more effective with CE &gt; 80<i>%</i>, followed by the back and the side windows, respectively. We also found that as the exhaust flow rate increased from 6.72 to 12.16 m³/min, CE reached &gt;75% for all window positions, where the most significant increase was 1.58 times for the lower side window. To sum up, changing the relative position of the window and the exhaust hood could help disperse the incoming airflow from the window, improve the kitchen’s overall ventilation, and reduce pollutant concentration.</p>","PeriodicalId":13529,"journal":{"name":"Indoor air","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140692955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indoor Air Remediation Using Biochar from Bark: Impact of Particle Size and Pollutant Concentration","authors":"Mariem Zouari,&nbsp;Silvo Hribernik,&nbsp;Matthew Schwarzkopf","doi":"10.1155/2024/1537588","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/1537588","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The growing emphasis on indoor air quality and public health is fuelling the need for efficient yet affordable air purification techniques. In this study, the influence of biochar particle size on its adsorption efficiency toward airborne pollutants was examined. Bark-derived biochar particles were treated by grinding or ball milling, and then, seven samples with different particle size groups were separated. Biochar particles were characterized by particle size, proximate, SEM, XRD, and physisorption analyses. For adsorption efficiency, two different pollutants were tested at variable initial concentrations. The physical composition and XRD patterns of the biochar with different particle sizes were comparable. The ball-milled sample was an exception in that it had higher ash content and additional XRD peaks signifying contamination of the sample. The porosity of biochar was greater in smaller particles. Ball milling increased the specific surface area and total pore volume by 102% and 48%, respectively. Biochar with finer particle size exhibited the highest adsorption potential towards formaldehyde and methanol among other samples. It should be emphasized that simple mechanical grinding is preferred for reducing biochar size to avoid the risk of eventual contamination, greater energy consumption, and slower processing related to ball milling. When a low concentration of pollutant was tested (1 ppm formaldehyde), the effect of particle size on the adsorption efficiency was more noticeable. However, the effect of particle size was less dominant when higher concentrations of pollutants were tested. Smaller biochar particles (&lt;100 <i>μ</i>m) are more favourable for indoor air remediation given their superior adsorption efficiency of volatile organic compounds occurring at low concentrations in the buildings.</p>","PeriodicalId":13529,"journal":{"name":"Indoor air","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140696912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection and High-Throughput Microbial Analysis of Particulate Matter in Houses and Downwind Areas of Duck Farms","authors":"Zhengxiu Qu,&nbsp;Hairong Wang,&nbsp;Ning Li,&nbsp;Zhiyun Guo,&nbsp;Jing Li,&nbsp;Xiaoyang Lv,&nbsp;Yinling Cui,&nbsp;Tongjie Chai","doi":"10.1155/2024/7774679","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/7774679","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Particulate matter (PM) and the microorganisms of duck houses may have negative impacts on animal and human health. During 2021-2022, PM2.5 and PM10 inside and outside the duck house were sampled with a built-in air sampler in Tai’an City, Shandong Province, and the diversity and abundance of microorganisms within the PM were analyzed by macrogenomic and absolute sequence analysis. The results showed that PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations in the house and at downwind points exceeded the short-term (24 h) guideline of the global air quality guidelines (AQG). Macrogenome sequencing showed that the microbial composition of the PM2.5 samples was dominated by bacteria (exceed 85%); a total of 1316 bacterial genera and 110 fungal genera were identified in PM2.5 samples from duck house 1 in winter, which were much higher than the results of amplicon sequencing method reported before, and relatively high levels of the pathogenic bacteria (Coccidioides immitis, etc.) and the conditionally pathogenic bacterium (Rothia nasimurium) were identified at the species level. Absolute quantitative sequencing detected conditionally pathogenic bacteria and allergens at high levels in PM10 samples: Corynebacterium (5.6 × 10⁷ copies/g), Aerococcus (9.9 × 10⁶ copies/g), Alternaria (3.3 × 10⁶ copies/g), and Aspergillus (8.3 × 10⁵ copies/g). Moreover, Corynebacterium was the highest content of PM10 in summer and PM2.5 samples in winter, and its pathogenicity and potential threat should be noted. The diversity and relative abundance of microorganisms were similar in the duck house and at the downwind point. The results showed that the microorganisms in the house environment have a greater influence on the air environment around the downwind point and may pose a public health risk to the staff and the surrounding area.</p>","PeriodicalId":13529,"journal":{"name":"Indoor air","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140711414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}