{"title":"应用于博物馆的评估室内灰尘沉积的通风源和非通风源的方法开发","authors":"Terje Grøntoft, Oliwia Buchwald-Zięcina","doi":"10.1155/2024/6086442","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>A method was developed to analytically distinguish between the ventilated (v) and nonventilated (nv) fractions of water-soluble ions in deposits of particle indoors. The indicative method was based on low-cost passive outdoor and indoor sampling of the particle and ion deposits and NO<sub>2</sub> gas and analysis of the regression values and residuals of the correlations between these parameters. The method was applied to measurements in the Pieskowa Skała Castle Museum in Poland. A dominating source of “soil and building dust” was indicated all year round, probably partly from renovation works of the castle, with larger total infiltration in the winter–spring (W-S) but with a higher proportion of ventilation ingress in the summer–autumn (S-A). About 60%–80%, by mass, of the water-soluble ions in the soil and building dust were calcium and probably some magnesium bicarbonate (Ca(HCO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>, Mg(HCO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>) and about 10%–20% sulfates (SO<sub>4</sub><sup>−−</sup>) with calcium (Ca<sup>++</sup>) and several other cations. The other main source of the ion deposits was indicated to be air pollution, with chloride (Cl<sup>−</sup>), sulfate (SO<sub>4</sub><sup>−−</sup>), and nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>), from outdoor combustion sources, like traffic, residential heating, and industry. These were mainly v from outdoors in the colder parts of the year, but also to the more open locations in the S-A. A small source of nv sulfate (SO<sub>4</sub><sup>−−</sup>) was identified inside two showcases in the S-A. The study showed good enclosure protection of the museum objects against exposure to particle pollution, but also the need to avoid the trapping of particle pollution inside showcases or closed rooms. The identification of the probable different amounts and sources of v and nv ions in the castle aided preventive actions to reduce the pollution exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":13529,"journal":{"name":"Indoor air","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3000,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/6086442","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Method Development to Assess the Ventilated and Nonventilated Sources of Indoor Dust Deposits, Applied in a Museum\",\"authors\":\"Terje Grøntoft, Oliwia Buchwald-Zięcina\",\"doi\":\"10.1155/2024/6086442\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p>A method was developed to analytically distinguish between the ventilated (v) and nonventilated (nv) fractions of water-soluble ions in deposits of particle indoors. The indicative method was based on low-cost passive outdoor and indoor sampling of the particle and ion deposits and NO<sub>2</sub> gas and analysis of the regression values and residuals of the correlations between these parameters. The method was applied to measurements in the Pieskowa Skała Castle Museum in Poland. A dominating source of “soil and building dust” was indicated all year round, probably partly from renovation works of the castle, with larger total infiltration in the winter–spring (W-S) but with a higher proportion of ventilation ingress in the summer–autumn (S-A). About 60%–80%, by mass, of the water-soluble ions in the soil and building dust were calcium and probably some magnesium bicarbonate (Ca(HCO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>, Mg(HCO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>) and about 10%–20% sulfates (SO<sub>4</sub><sup>−−</sup>) with calcium (Ca<sup>++</sup>) and several other cations. The other main source of the ion deposits was indicated to be air pollution, with chloride (Cl<sup>−</sup>), sulfate (SO<sub>4</sub><sup>−−</sup>), and nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>), from outdoor combustion sources, like traffic, residential heating, and industry. These were mainly v from outdoors in the colder parts of the year, but also to the more open locations in the S-A. A small source of nv sulfate (SO<sub>4</sub><sup>−−</sup>) was identified inside two showcases in the S-A. The study showed good enclosure protection of the museum objects against exposure to particle pollution, but also the need to avoid the trapping of particle pollution inside showcases or closed rooms. The identification of the probable different amounts and sources of v and nv ions in the castle aided preventive actions to reduce the pollution exposure.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":13529,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Indoor air\",\"volume\":\"2024 1\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":4.3000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-07-04\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/6086442\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Indoor air\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"93\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1155/2024/6086442\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"环境科学与生态学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Indoor air","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1155/2024/6086442","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
开发了一种方法来分析区分室内颗粒沉积物中水溶性离子的通风(v)和非通风(nv)部分。该指示性方法基于对颗粒和离子沉积物以及二氧化氮气体进行低成本的室外和室内被动采样,以及对这些参数之间相关性的回归值和残差进行分析。该方法应用于波兰 Pieskowa Skała 城堡博物馆的测量。结果表明,"土壤和建筑灰尘 "是全年的主要来源,可能部分来自城堡的翻新工程,冬春季(W-S)的总渗透量较大,但夏秋季(S-A)的通风渗透比例较高。按质量计算,土壤和建筑灰尘中约 60%-80% 的水溶性离子是钙,可能还有一些碳酸氢镁(Ca(HCO3)2, Mg(HCO3)2),约 10%-20% 的硫酸盐(SO4--)以及钙(Ca++)和其他一些阳离子。离子沉积的另一个主要来源是空气污染,包括来自室外燃烧源的氯化物(Cl-)、硫酸盐(SO4--)和硝酸盐(NO3-),如交通、住宅供暖和工业。这些污染主要来自一年中较寒冷地区的室外,但也出现在 S-A 区较开阔的地方。在 S-A 区的两个陈列柜内发现了少量硫酸盐(SO4--)。研究结果表明,对博物馆物品进行良好的围护保护,使其免受颗粒污染的影响,但同时也需要避免颗粒污染在陈列柜或封闭的房间内滞留。对城堡中可能存在的不同数量和来源的 v 和 nv 离子的识别有助于采取预防措施,减少污染暴露。
Method Development to Assess the Ventilated and Nonventilated Sources of Indoor Dust Deposits, Applied in a Museum
A method was developed to analytically distinguish between the ventilated (v) and nonventilated (nv) fractions of water-soluble ions in deposits of particle indoors. The indicative method was based on low-cost passive outdoor and indoor sampling of the particle and ion deposits and NO2 gas and analysis of the regression values and residuals of the correlations between these parameters. The method was applied to measurements in the Pieskowa Skała Castle Museum in Poland. A dominating source of “soil and building dust” was indicated all year round, probably partly from renovation works of the castle, with larger total infiltration in the winter–spring (W-S) but with a higher proportion of ventilation ingress in the summer–autumn (S-A). About 60%–80%, by mass, of the water-soluble ions in the soil and building dust were calcium and probably some magnesium bicarbonate (Ca(HCO3)2, Mg(HCO3)2) and about 10%–20% sulfates (SO4−−) with calcium (Ca++) and several other cations. The other main source of the ion deposits was indicated to be air pollution, with chloride (Cl−), sulfate (SO4−−), and nitrate (NO3−), from outdoor combustion sources, like traffic, residential heating, and industry. These were mainly v from outdoors in the colder parts of the year, but also to the more open locations in the S-A. A small source of nv sulfate (SO4−−) was identified inside two showcases in the S-A. The study showed good enclosure protection of the museum objects against exposure to particle pollution, but also the need to avoid the trapping of particle pollution inside showcases or closed rooms. The identification of the probable different amounts and sources of v and nv ions in the castle aided preventive actions to reduce the pollution exposure.
期刊介绍:
The quality of the environment within buildings is a topic of major importance for public health.
Indoor Air provides a location for reporting original research results in the broad area defined by the indoor environment of non-industrial buildings. An international journal with multidisciplinary content, Indoor Air publishes papers reflecting the broad categories of interest in this field: health effects; thermal comfort; monitoring and modelling; source characterization; ventilation and other environmental control techniques.
The research results present the basic information to allow designers, building owners, and operators to provide a healthy and comfortable environment for building occupants, as well as giving medical practitioners information on how to deal with illnesses related to the indoor environment.