{"title":"Revolutionizing Caffeic Acid Production: Advanced Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Synthetic Biology Approaches","authors":"Jintao Lu, Beining Wang, Xiqiang Liu, Jung-Kul Lee, Vipin Chandra Kalia, Chunjie Gong","doi":"10.1002/biot.70091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/biot.70091","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Caffeic acid, a high-value natural phenolic compound synthesized through plant metabolism, plays a critical role in producing phenylpropanoid derivatives and serves as a direct precursor to several key phenolic acids. As a food additive and medicine, caffeic acid has garnered significant attention for its potential in various applications. Recent advances in synthetic biology and metabolic engineering have enabled its biosynthesis via microbial cell factories. This review summarizes five strategies for optimizing caffeic acid production: caffeic acid biosynthetic pathway, modification of metabolic pathway, systems biology and synthetic biology, cofactor engineering, and modular co-culture. However, caffeic acid production via microbial chassis faces bottlenecks such as limited precursor availability for biosynthesis, toxicity from metabolic intermediates, inefficient cofactor utilization, and over-reliance on conventional host microorganisms. Breaking through these bottlenecks by integrating the five strategies outlined is expected to further increase caffeic acid production.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":134,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Journal","volume":"20 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144767360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Madina Burkhart, Katrin Langenbach, Karlheinz Holzmann, Nadine Hornung, Jamie-Ann Baiz, Kerstin Otte
{"title":"Unveiling Small Non-Coding RNA Dynamics During Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus Production.","authors":"Madina Burkhart, Katrin Langenbach, Karlheinz Holzmann, Nadine Hornung, Jamie-Ann Baiz, Kerstin Otte","doi":"10.1002/biot.70092","DOIUrl":"10.1002/biot.70092","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAVs) play a pivotal role in gene therapy, yet the molecular interactions underlying rAAV production in host cells remain incompletely understood. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), particularly microRNAs (miRNAs) and small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), are increasingly recognized as key regulators of viral and cellular processes. This study investigates the dynamic expression profiles of miRNAs and snoRNAs during rAAV plasmid transfection and vector production in HEK293F cells. A total of 142 miRNAs were differentially expressed during the peak phase of rAAV production, with 128 associated with the Gene Ontology term \"viral process\", indicating broad involvement in host-virus interactions. Target gene analysis linked these miRNAs to biological pathways such as nucleocytoplasmic transport, innate immunity, apoptosis, and transcriptional regulation, highlighting potential roles of miRNAs in shaping the cellular environment during viral vector assembly. In contrast, snoRNAs exhibited more modest changes in expression, yet five were significantly differentially expressed during active production, suggesting a possible, underexplored involvement in viral replication. These findings illuminate the underexplored contributions of ncRNAs to the host response during rAAV biogenesis and provide a valuable resource for understanding how cellular regulatory networks are engaged throughout vector production.</p>","PeriodicalId":134,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Journal","volume":"20 8","pages":"e70092"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12329270/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144793032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xueqin Fu, Zhiqin Zhu, Peipei Yin, Yi Yang, Yunhong Huang, Zhong-Er Long, Zhiming Wu, Long Zou, Haiyan Ni
{"title":"Exiguobacterium mexicanum PY14 Reduces Toxic Selenite to Elemental Selenium: Characterization and Mechanism.","authors":"Xueqin Fu, Zhiqin Zhu, Peipei Yin, Yi Yang, Yunhong Huang, Zhong-Er Long, Zhiming Wu, Long Zou, Haiyan Ni","doi":"10.1002/biot.70096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/biot.70096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microbial reduction of toxic Se(IV) oxyanions to biogenic Se(0) has garnered considerable attention for detoxification. This study presents a comprehensive investigation of Se(IV) reduction by environmentally versatile Exiguobacterium genus through integrated physicochemical, genomic, and transcriptomic analyses. Exiguobacterium mexicanum PY14 demonstrated remarkable efficiency, reducing ∼1 mM selenite to extracellular Se(0) within 12 h under aerobic conditions, with broad adaptability to pH (7-9), temperature (30-37°C), and salinity (up to 40 g L<sup>-1</sup> NaCl). The produced Se(0) revealed crystalline nanoaggregates with biomolecular coatings. Genomic sequencing identified a chromosome and six plasmids enriched with genes for carbohydrate metabolism, inorganic ion transport, and mobile genetic elements. Transcriptomic profiling under Se(IV) stress unveiled a coordinated stress response: up-regulation of catabolic pathways (glycolysis and citric acid cycle) for energy and NAD(P)H production, bacterial motility, and chemotaxis, alongside down-regulation of energy-intensive biosynthetic processes. Notably, genes for glutathione biosynthesis (gsh), NAD(P)H generation (gntZ), and ROS scavenging (btuE) were significantly up-regulated, along with the evidence of increased GSH levels, implicating a GSH-dependent detoxification pathway driving Se(IV) reduction. These findings deepen mechanistic understanding of Se(IV) reduction mechanism within the understudied Exiguobacterium genus, and the strain's haloalkaliphilic trait underscores its potential for bioremediating Se(IV)-contaminated saline-alkaline environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":134,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Journal","volume":"20 8","pages":"e70096"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144793031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bang Lou, Hongzhou Liu, Weiyong Hong, Qingliang Yang, Hanbing Li, Gensheng Yang
{"title":"Adsorption and Separation of the Biomolecular Motors of F<sub>O</sub>F<sub>1</sub>-ATPase-Embedded Chromatophores Using Titanium Dioxide Microsphere.","authors":"Bang Lou, Hongzhou Liu, Weiyong Hong, Qingliang Yang, Hanbing Li, Gensheng Yang","doi":"10.1002/biot.70093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/biot.70093","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The biomolecular motor F<sub>O</sub>F<sub>1</sub>-ATPase-embedded chromatophore, a biomolecular motor loaded into a lipid bilayer of chromatophores derived from biocells demonstrates significant potential for applications in various biomedical fields, such as targeted drug delivery within tumor microenvironments, biological tissue penetration, and biosensor detection. However, conventional purification strategies relying on gradient/ultracentrifugation remain hampered by prohibitive costs, technical complexity, and scalability constraints, critically limiting their biomedical translation. Here, we present a paradigm-shifting approach utilizing titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) microspheres for efficient chromatophore isolation via Lewis acid-base interactions. Through constructing chromatophore-TiO<sub>2</sub> complexes, we systematically investigated adsorption mechanisms using isotherm modeling and FTIR spectroscopy, revealing that 7.11%-8.84% of interfacial interactions originated from physisorption. This novel strategy achieved 93.3% ± 3.21% separation efficiency and 90.7% ± 5.77% recovery rates-surpassing conventional centrifugation by 2.1-fold in operational efficiency while maintaining chromatophore integrity. Crucially, the preserved bio functionality of FoF<sub>1</sub>-ATPase post-separation was validated through sustained proton gradient-driven ATP (adenosine triphosphate) synthesis. Our findings establish TiO<sub>2</sub>-based adsorption as a robust alternative for biomotor purification and elucidate fundamental principles governing nanobiointerfaces between inorganic matrices and membrane-embedded molecular machines. This work provides a universal platform adaptable for diverse biofilm-encapsulated agents, bridging critical gaps between laboratory-scale development and clinical-scale production of advanced bionanodevices.</p>","PeriodicalId":134,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Journal","volume":"20 8","pages":"e70093"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144797716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Characterizing the Effect of Volume on Hydrodynamics of Plant Cell Suspensions Using CFD Modeling","authors":"Vidya Muthulakshmi Manickavasagam, Kameswararao Anupindi, Nirav Bhatt, Smita Srivastava","doi":"10.1002/biot.70086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/biot.70086","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Biomass productivities in shake flasks are often not reproduced in bioreactors for plant cell cultures due to change in hydrodynamics. Considering shake flask biomass productivity as benchmark, this study employs shake flask geometries as a model system to understand hydrodynamic changes with volume and identify suitable scale-up criteria for plant cell cultivations, with minimal cost and time, given their slow growth time, using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and experiments. Cultivation of <i>Viola odorata</i> cells in increasing flask volumes (100–3000 mL) revealed no significant change in biomass productivity. CFD analysis indicated that volumetric oxygen mass transfer coefficient (<i>k<sub>L</sub>a</i>), increased up to 1000 mL and then decreased, due to saturation of energy dissipation rates (<i>k<sub>L</sub></i> is a function of energy dissipation rates) and decreasing interfacial area. The unaffected biomass concentration, despite decreased <i>k<sub>L</sub>a</i>, suggests that <i>k<sub>L</sub>a</i> may not be a significant scale-up parameter. Instead, maintaining a constant shear environment, indicated by power per unit volume saturation at higher volumes, was proposed as a suitable scale-up parameter for <i>V. odorata</i> cell cultivation in bioreactors. Moreover, the decrease in velocity difference between fluid layers with increased flask volume, indicated that minimizing velocity gradients in bioreactors could help achieve shake flask biomass productivity.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":134,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Journal","volume":"20 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144716477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Characterization and Application of a Thermostable HAD Phosphatase From Thermophilibacter mediterraneus for Glucosamine Production","authors":"Yanmei Qin, Nan Geng, Chun You","doi":"10.1002/biot.70083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/biot.70083","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Glucosamine (GlcN), a high-value nutraceutical, is currently produced via environmentally detrimental chitin hydrolysis or inefficient microbial fermentation. While acidic hydrolysis of crustacean chitin raises environmental and allergen concerns, microbial fermentation faces challenges in strain engineering and byproduct formation. One-pot production of GlcN from maltodextrin by an in vitro synthetic enzymatic biosystem (ivSEB) containing glucosamine 6-phosphate phosphatase, which dephosphorylates glucosamine 6-phosphate (GlcN6P) to GlcN, was developed recently. In this study, we identified a thermostable haloacid dehalogenase (HAD) phosphatase, TmHAD, from <i>Thermophilibacter mediterraneus</i> through database mining. Biochemical characterization revealed its remarkable dephosphorylation specificity for GlcN6P, exhibiting 27.6- and 138.0-fold higher activity toward GlcN6P compared to glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) and fructose 6-phosphate (F6P), respectively. The enzyme demonstrated Mg<sup>2+</sup>-dependent activity and moderate thermal stability with a half-life of 6.6 h at 45°C. When incorporated into an ivSEB (phosphorylation, isomerization, amination, and dephosphorylation), TmHAD enabled GlcN production from maltodextrin with a molar yield of 44.5%. This biosystem represented an effective complement to current GlcN production methods, with the exceptional substrate specificity and thermal stability of TmHAD making it particularly promising for industrial-scale GlcN manufacturing in vitro.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":134,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Journal","volume":"20 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144716886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Biological Routes for Biohydrogen Production: A Clean and Carbon-Free Fuel","authors":"Minseok Cha, Min-Seo Park, Soo-Jung Kim","doi":"10.1002/biot.70074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/biot.70074","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) is a clean, renewable, and sustainable energy source that holds great promise as an alternative fuel and is expected to play a central role in the future transportation energy economy. However, the hydrogen yield from microorganisms remains insufficient, presenting a significant challenge. Biohydrogen (bio-H<sub>2</sub>) production pathways are well established and can be categorized into four main processes: (1) direct biological photolysis of water by green algae; (2) indirect biological photolysis by cyanobacteria, a combination of green algae and photosynthetic microorganisms, or a separate two-stage photolysis using only green algae; (3) photo-fermentation by purple bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, or fermentative bacteria; and (4) dark anaerobic fermentation by fermentative bacteria. Among these processes, dark fermentation shows great potential for practical applications, such as organic waste treatment. This review summarizes recent advances in bio-H<sub>2</sub> production, including both fundamental research and applied studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":134,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Journal","volume":"20 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/biot.70074","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144716885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Combinatorial Strategy of Modular Metabolic Engineering and Fermentation Optimization Jointly Improved Gibberellic Acid Production in Fusarium fujikuroi","authors":"Chun-Yue Weng, Jia-Yi Han, Zhi-Tao Dong, Zhi-Qiang Liu, Yu-Guo Zheng","doi":"10.1002/biot.70088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/biot.70088","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Gibberellic acid 3 (GA<sub>3</sub>), a diterpenoid phytohormone industrially biosynthesized by <i>Fusarium fujikuroi</i>, serves as a pivotal plant growth regulator with extensive agricultural applications. Currently, industrial GA<sub>3</sub> production predominantly relies on prolonged submerged microbial fermentation with <i>F. fujikuroi</i> as the main production strain, valued for its native biosynthetic capacity. Nevertheless, large-scale industrialization of GA<sub>3</sub> remains constrained by low production yields. In this study, a systematic multimodular metabolic engineering framework was implemented to enhance GA₃ biosynthesis in <i>F. fujikuroi</i>. The engineering strategy encompassed four synergistic modules: reinforcement of fatty acid biosynthesis, augmentation of acetyl-CoA metabolic flux, optimization of redox cofactor homeostasis, and overexpression of the positive transcriptional regulator. This integrated approach yielded the engineered strain OE: <i>Lae1-AGP3</i> demonstrating a 2.58 g/L GA₃ titer in shake-flask fermentation. Subsequent bioprocess optimization through exogenous fatty acid supplementation further elevated GA<sub>3</sub> production to 2.86 g/L, representing a 10.9% increase. This study demonstrates the feasibility of coordinated metabolic modifications for improving GA<sub>3</sub> biosynthesis in <i>F. fujikuroi</i>, offering practical insights for overcoming productivity limitations in fungal secondary metabolite fermentation processes.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":134,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Journal","volume":"20 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144716884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Isabella Frighetto Bomfiglio, Isabelli Seiler de Medeiros Mendes, Diego Bonatto
{"title":"A Review of DNA Restriction-Free Overlapping Sequence Cloning Techniques for Synthetic Biology","authors":"Isabella Frighetto Bomfiglio, Isabelli Seiler de Medeiros Mendes, Diego Bonatto","doi":"10.1002/biot.70084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/biot.70084","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>DNA cloning methods are fundamental tools in molecular biology, synthetic biology, and genetic engineering that enable precise DNA manipulation for various scientific and biotechnological applications. This review systematically summarizes the major restriction-free overlapping sequence cloning (RFOSC) techniques currently used in synthetic biology and examines their development, efficiency, practicality, and specific applications. In vitro methods, including Gibson Assembly, Circular Polymerase Extension Cloning (CPEC), Polymerase Incomplete Primer Extension (PIPE), Overlap Extension Cloning (OEC), Uracil DNA Glycosylase-based Cloning (UDG-Cloning), and commercially available techniques such as In-Fusion, have been discussed alongside hybrid approaches such as Ligation-Independent Cloning (LIC), Sequence-Independent Cloning (SLIC), and T5 Exonuclease-Dependent Assembly (TEDA). Additionally, in vivo methods leveraging host recombination machinery, including Yeast Homologous Recombination (YHR), In Vivo Assembly (IVA), Transformation-Associated Recombination (TAR), and innovative approaches such as Phage Enzyme-Assisted Direct Assembly (PEDA), are critically evaluated. The review highlights that method selection should consider individual research projects’ scale, complexity, and specific needs, noting that no single technique is universally optimal. Future trends suggest the increased integration of enzymatic efficiency, host versatility, and automation, broadening the accessibility and capabilities of DNA assembly technologies.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":134,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Journal","volume":"20 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144705592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pik K. Chan, Chao-Hsiang (Richard) Wu, Yaokai Duan, Jiu-Li Song, Chetan T. Goudar
{"title":"Automatic Assay Preparation Platform (A2P2) for Real-Time Critical Quality Attributes Monitoring of Cell Culture Samples","authors":"Pik K. Chan, Chao-Hsiang (Richard) Wu, Yaokai Duan, Jiu-Li Song, Chetan T. Goudar","doi":"10.1002/biot.70082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/biot.70082","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>As the biopharmaceuticals industry becomes increasingly competitive, improving speed-to-market and achieving “Right First Time” are key factors that propel a company to success. Building upon our foundational work on the Automatic Assay Preparation Platform (A2P2) initially introduced to enhance process analytical technology (PAT), this publication describes its innovative application for real-time sample preparation, acquisition, and monitoring of critical quality attributes (CQAs) for biotherapeutic production. Determination of CQA in cell culture is typically supported by analytical laboratories. Titer is determined before product purification by affinity capture column using a liquid handler. Purified product concentration is then measured before subjecting to a subsequent product quality assay. This process takes up to four separate instruments and several analysts to complete. The A2P2 system, embodying an end-to-end automated and autonomous PAT solution, is configured to streamline titer measurement, product purification, purified product concentration measurement, and CQA assay within a single run sequence using a modified ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC<span>)</span> instrument. By utilizing Chromeleon's System Suitability Tests (SST) and Intelligence Run Control (IRC) feature and the Agilent injector program, A2P2 significantly reduces analysts’ hands-on time and shortens result turnaround time for improved efficiency. This evolution of the A2P2 system not only reduces laboratory footprint but also positions it as an ideal solution for real-time bioprocess monitoring of CQA, further advancing our commitment to accelerating the delivery of safe and effective biotherapeutics.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":134,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Journal","volume":"20 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144705439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}