humanities Journal of University of Zakho最新文献

{"title":"Influence of first language on English word stress assignment by bahdini Kurdish learners of English","authors":"Mazheen Mohammad, Aveen Hasan","doi":"10.26436/hjuoz.2023.11.4.1242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26436/hjuoz.2023.11.4.1242","url":null,"abstract":"Studies on learning second language (L2) phonology agree that first language (L1) has a key role in the production of learners L2. This study was carried out on Bahdini Kurdish (henceforth, BK) learners of English in order to investigate how phonological characteristics of Kurdish word stress affect the production of English word stress as far as the two languages have different stress placement rules. It was hypothesized that BK learners will face challenges in learning English stress and they will, more frequently, place stress on the final syllable of the English words, similar to their L1. Thirty students from the English Language Department at University of Zakho participated in this study. The participants completed a production test of reading 48 English words with different grammatical categories, stress positions and morphological structures. The learners’ production was recorded and listened to by the researcher and two phonologists to indicate the correct stress placement in their performance. The results show that BK learners were not able to place stress on the correct syllable of all types of words in English: simple, complex and compound. Furthermore, language transfer was not clear in the learners’ performance of the test words, that is, they did not place stress on the final syllable of the words. The learners were unaware of English stress rules and English pronunciation in general and did not properly acquire them. Mispronunciation of words and parts of the words and lack of knowledge about English stress rules, therefore, were clearly the factor of stress misplacement in all types of words.","PeriodicalId":134960,"journal":{"name":"humanities Journal of University of Zakho","volume":"45 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138602369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"دور الموازنة العامة في تخفيض مستويات الفقر والبطالة في العراق للمدة (2010-2020)","authors":"ميرخاس طاهر, أحمد الصفار","doi":"10.26436/hjuoz.2023.11.4.1083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26436/hjuoz.2023.11.4.1083","url":null,"abstract":"يهدف البحث إلى تحديد دور الإيرادات والنفقات العامة في موازنة جمهورية العراق الاتحادية في الحد من الفقر ومعدل البطالة في الفترة (2010-2020 . ولتحقيق هدف البحث تم استخدام أسلوب تحليلي وصفي بالاعتماد على البيانات والأرقام والمعلومات الرسمية والرسوم البيانية المنشورة على مواقع البنك المركزي العراقي ووزارة المالية ووزارة التخطيط العراقية. وقد توصل البحث الى أن الإيرادات من قطاع النفط تمثل أكبر نسبة من إجمالي إيرادات الدولة في الفترة قيد الدراسة (2010-2020) ، وكذلك النمو وعدم التوازن في الإنفاق العام، حيث تمثل النفقات الجارية الحصة الأكبر من الإنفاق العام. مما يعكس طبيعة الإنفاق الرأسمالي وتراجع قيمته، واتضح خلال فترة الدراسة وجود خلل ملحوظ في الموازنة العامة للعراق يتمثل في عجز في معظم الفترات التي تم تحليلها بسبب الحرب مع داعش، تقلبات أسعار النفط وعدم الاستقرار الأمني ​​، وفي الأخير تم التوصل الى نتيجة مفادها إن معدلات البطالة ومؤشرات الفقر ترتبطان بعلاقة عكسية مع النفقات العامة، كون الزيادة في النفقات العامة تؤدي إلى زيادة الاستثمار وبالتالي تخفيض معدلات الفقر والبطالة، وهذا ما يتفق مع فرضية البحث.\u0000The research paper concluded that revenues from the oil sector represent the largest percentage of public revenues of the federal state during the research period (2010-2020), and that the increase in public expenditures and their imbalance is that current expenditures represent the highest proportion of public expenditures, which reflects the nature of investment expenditures and their low value. And it became clear during the study period that the general budget of the Republic of Iraq faced a clear imbalance represented by a deficit in most of the study periods due to the wars with ISIS and fluctuations in oil prices. The research paper concluded with many recommendations, the most important of which are:\u0000Work to increase the contribution of investment expenditures in the productive fields because of their impact on diversifying the production base as they play an important role in stimulating the national economy and reducing unemployment rates and poverty levels.\u0000Work on reforming the tax system from administrative and legislative problems and developing ways to collect taxes.\u0000Fighting administrative and financial corruption, as it is one of the biggest problems and dilemmas facing the possibility of improving public revenues in the Iraqi economy.","PeriodicalId":134960,"journal":{"name":"humanities Journal of University of Zakho","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138604190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"الاغراق الاقتصادي : الآثار والمعالجات مع اشارة خاصة لأقليم كوردستان العراق","authors":"شلير نورالدين","doi":"10.26436/hjuoz.2016.4.1.1310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26436/hjuoz.2016.4.1.1310","url":null,"abstract":"أن ظاهرة الاغراق الاقتصادي هي أحدى التحديات التي تواجه أقتصاد أقليم كوردستان _العراق ، نتيجة لتحرر التجارة والانفتاح على العالم الخارجي بعد عام 2003 والذي كان له الاثر السلبي على أقتصاد الاقليم ،ومن هنا جاء أهمية البحث في تسليط الضوء على مفهوم الاغراق الاقتصادي وأنواعه المختلفة التي يتخذها سواء من حيث الدوافع التي تدفع الدول أو الشركات لممارستها، أو من حيث الفترة التي تستغرقها ،الآثار المترتبة لممارسة الاغراق على أقتصاديات الدول التي تمارس هذه السياسة  والدول التي تمارس فيها  الاغراق مع اشارة خاصة للاغراق الاقتصادي في أقليم كوردستان والاجراءات والمعالجات لمكافحتها في أسواق الاقليم ،وتوصل البحث الى مجموعة من الاستنتاجات والمقترحات كان أهمها : الاغراق الاقتصادي في الاقليم هو أختراق لأسواق الاقليم والسيطرة عليها من قبل الدول الاجنبية. و الذي أدى الى ضعف القدرة الانتاجية والتنافسية للمنتج المحلي وأغلاق العديد من المشاريع الكبيرة والمتوسطة والصغيرة ، وتهديد منظومة الامن القومي  والتنمية الاقتصادية  في الاقليم بشكل عام وهذا يعود الى عدم تفعيل القوانين والتشريعات التي تنظم الاستيراد و ضعف الاجهزة الرقابية على حدود الاقليم .أما اهم المقترحات لمعالجة آثار الاغراق فهي أن تتبنى حكومة الاقليم سياسات زراعية تهدف الى خلق ميزة نسبية في أنتاج المحاصيل الزراعية الاستراتيجية .والعمل على تطوير الانتاج الزراعي كما ونوعا بأستخدام التكنولوجيا الحديثة وكذلك وضع آليات عملية لمراقبة السلع والبضائع والمنتجات الواردة ، وأجراء الفحوصات اللازمةعليها وفق المؤشرات والمقاييس الفنية العالمية للسماح لها بالدخول الى الاسواق لحماية المواطنين في الاقليم،وفيما يخص القطاع الصناعي لابد من دعم وتشجيع الصناعات الوطنية في الاقليم عن طريق توفير البيئة الاقتصادية المناسبة لهذه الصناعات .","PeriodicalId":134960,"journal":{"name":"humanities Journal of University of Zakho","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126812885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of indirect external dialogue in the epic of zambilfirosh by feqiye teyran","authors":"Soleen Rasheed, Nawzat Othman","doi":"10.26436/hjuoz.2023.11.2.1092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26436/hjuoz.2023.11.2.1092","url":null,"abstract":"Since ancient times, dialogue has had a great impact on human life, as it contributes to strengthening relationships, exchanging ideas, and revealing secrets between people. Its importance is evident in most literary genres, especially in artistic techniques, where its role appears in it. According to this hypothesis, the literary text is built on the indirect external dialogue, and it is one of the dominant and prevalent genres in the epic text. The study is based on the assumption that the external, indirect dialogue plays a major role in the embodiment of the characters and the sequence of events in the epic \"Zimbelfrosh\" by (Fakih Al-Tayran). The research attempted to find out: Was the indirect dialogue in Zimbilfrosh Faqi Airan the reason for expressing the intellectual and emotional attitude, as well as the natural, psychological, and social dimensions of the characters? And to what extent does the indirect dialogue contribute to the development of events and the disclosure of secrets? This study, titled \"The Role of Indirect External Dialogue in the Epic of Zambilfirosh by Feqiye Teyran,\" is an effort to illustrate the role of indirect external dialogue in the epic of Zambilfirosh. In the beginning, this study briefly discusses the history, usefulness, and role of dialogue. It later, studies the indirect dialogue in Zambilfirosh of Feqiye Teyran. In this research, the descriptive analytical method has been applied.","PeriodicalId":134960,"journal":{"name":"humanities Journal of University of Zakho","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116589627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"په‌یوه‌ندییا دیسلێكسییا ب شاره‌زاییا فۆنۆڵوجیێڤه‌ لده‌ڤ زارۆكان","authors":"دیار سه‌عید, ژیروان حاجى بدری","doi":"10.26436/hjuoz.2023.11.2.1060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26436/hjuoz.2023.11.2.1060","url":null,"abstract":"دیسلێكسییا نه‌خۆشیه‌كا زمانى یه‌ لده‌ڤ هنده‌ك زاڕۆكان هه‌یه‌ و تایبه‌ته‌ ب خواندنێڤه‌ و ب شێوه‌یێن جیاواز مینا ژناڤبرنا ده‌نگ و جه گوهۆڕینا ده‌نگان و كورتكرنا ڕسته‌یان د خواندنێدا ئه‌نجامدده‌ت، دیسلێكسییا و فۆنۆڵۆجییا دوو بابه‌تێن پێكڤه‌ گرێداینه‌، چونكى وه‌رگرتن و دركاندنا دروست یا ده‌نگێن زمانى دبیته‌ ڕێخوشكه‌ر بۆ ئه‌نجامدانا پڕۆسه‌یا په‌یوه‌ندیكرن و خواندنێ د ژیێ دروست د پڕۆسه‌یا خواندنیدا ب شێوه‌یێ سه‌ركه‌ڤتى و بێ ئاریشه‌، ئه‌ڤ ڤه‌كۆلینه‌ لژێر ناڤونیشانێ (په‌یوه‌ندییا دیسلێكسییا ب شاره‌زاییا فۆنۆڵوجیێڤه‌ لده‌ڤ زارۆكان) یه‌ د ئه‌ڤێڤه‌كۆلینیدا باس ل نه‌خۆشییا دیسلێكسییا لده‌ڤ زاڕۆكان و په‌یوه‌ندییا ئه‌وێ ب شاره‌زایى ل فۆنۆڵۆجییایێ و خواندنێ هاتییه‌كرن، چونكى د لێڤكرنا ده‌نگان دا شێوه‌یێ نه‌خۆشیێ لده‌ڤ زاڕۆكێ نه‌خۆش خۆیا دبیت، نموونه‌ و داتایێن ڤه‌كۆلیـن زاڕۆكێن ژیێن ئه‌وان ژ (8، 14 ) یێن هه‌ر دوو ڕه‌گه‌زان(نێر، مێ ) ل سه‌نته‌ره‌كێ تایبه‌ت ب نه‌خۆشیێن ئاخڤتنێڤه‌ ل باژێڕێ زاخۆ هاتینه‌ وه‌رگرتن، كو ڤه‌كۆله‌رى تاقیكرنه‌كا حه‌ڤت كارتى لسه‌ر ئه‌وان پڕاكتیك كریه‌، ب مه‌ره‌ما دیاركرن و لێگه‌ریان ل ئه‌وان زاڕۆكان یێن ئه‌ڤ نه‌خۆشى هه‌یه‌ و لگه‌ل زاڕۆكێن ساخله‌م به‌رزه‌نه‌، ڤه‌كۆلین لدویڤ ڕِێبازا وه‌سفى و ئامارا (spss) هاتییه‌ ئه‌نجامدان، گرنگی و ئارمانجا ڤه‌كۆلینێ ئه‌وه‌ دیاركرنا ڕاده‌یێ هه‌بوونا نه‌خۆشییا دیسلێكسییا لده‌ڤ زاڕۆكێن دیاركرى لدویڤ ئامارێ، كو لدویڤ تاقیكرنا تائى خۆیا بوو، جوداهیی لده‌ڤ تاكێن سه‌مپلا ڤه‌كولینى د دیسلێكسییایدا نه‌بوون و هه‌ر دوو ڕه‌گه‌ز وه‌كو ئێك بوون و ئه‌ڤه‌ بۆ په‌راوێزكرنا ئه‌وان دهێته‌ كرن و نه‌بوونا شاره‌زایى و پێزانینان لده‌ڤ فێركاران لسه‌ر چه‌وانییا ڕه‌فتاركرنێ لگه‌ل زاڕۆكێن دیسلێكسییایێ و جوداهى د هه‌بوونا تاقیكرنا خواندنا په‌یڤان دا هه‌بوو، كو لده‌ڤ ڕه‌گه‌زێ نێر بلند تربوو.","PeriodicalId":134960,"journal":{"name":"humanities Journal of University of Zakho","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126162371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of Shiite clerics during the Safavid state (1501-1722).","authors":"Jafarpoor Ali, N. Osman","doi":"10.26436/hjuoz.2023.11.2.1031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26436/hjuoz.2023.11.2.1031","url":null,"abstract":"This study deals with the political situation in Iran during the Safavid authority and the declaration of Shiism doctrine as the official state religion by Shah Ismael I (1501-1524). It presents how the Shiism was formed and strengthened, and also deals with the appearance of Shia religious men in the political and social fields from the declaration of the Safavid state until the end of their authority. Additionally, the religious changes and the relations of the Safavid rulers with religious men are investigated.The religious policy of Shah Tahmasp I (1524-1577) manifested in bringing a great number of scientists and Shia religious men from the Arab homeland to Iran. The Shah used those religious men in writing and publishing Shia jurisprudence books and expanding the Shiism. The fundamentals of Shiism was written during the reign of this Shah, and the authority of religious men reached the top. Besides, a great number of posts and religious titles were created at the reign of Shah Tahmasp. Another part of this study tackled the  arrival of Ismael II (1576-1577)  and his policy to weaken the authority of Shia religious men, and pay attention to the Sunni doctrine.Moreover, the study presented the religious policy of Shah Abbas the Great (1587-1622), who was the strongest Safavid Shah, and his attempt to remove the Qizal- Bash Sufis. He also reduced the political role of religious men and tried to establish a strong authority away from religious men. The authority of the religious men increased after Shah Abbas the Great, especially at the final reign of the Safavid authority at the reign of Hussein Al-Safawi (1694-1722). During that period, the Safavid state was completely controlled by religious men. At the reign of Shah Hussien, the Safavid authority became under the control of Mala (Mahmoud Baqir Majlisi) , who practiced a great deal of violence against other religions, especially the Sunni and Zaradashti religions.The degree and posts of religious men, their social position,  class and their influence on the Iranian society will be investigated. The study also will discuss the role of religious men in the field of education, and how Sharia courts were managed by religious men, because these two important and influential points were the reason behind strengthening the authority of religious men as it was completely supervised by them.","PeriodicalId":134960,"journal":{"name":"humanities Journal of University of Zakho","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122030637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orientalism and gender: the portrayal of the oriental women in frederick millingen’s wild life among the koords","authors":"Gharbi M. Mustafa","doi":"10.26436/hjuoz.2023.11.2.1070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26436/hjuoz.2023.11.2.1070","url":null,"abstract":"In Orientalism (1979), one of his most prominent works, Edward Said lays out a critique of the West’s framing and perceptions of the East. It reveals how Eastern communities and individuals are being imagined and reconstructed by the authoritative gaze and ideals of Western imperialism. Said explains how Western writings represent the East as an inferior, the Other which, justifies the European Western power over the East. The depiction of the harem as exotic oriental women is a long-familiar trope found in various Orientalist writings. The paper examines the representations of Oriental women in Frederick Millingen’s Wild Life Among the Koords (1870). The theoretical framework draws on the formulation of the travel writer’s representation of Oriental women in the context of Orientalist discourse and feminist criticism. It explores how the Orientalist constitutes himself and his subjectivity through the agency of desire and supremacy. This paper argues that this is not a question of the other, but rather a question of the Western subject’s views to present his visions of himself within foreign landscapes. Moreover, the detailed description of Oriental women and the depiction of Oriental culture establish modes of reorientation where women are discriminated against and sexualized.","PeriodicalId":134960,"journal":{"name":"humanities Journal of University of Zakho","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127995417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"محددات تدفق الإستثمار الأجنبي المباشر دراسة قياسية تحليلية لعينة من الدول النامية للمدة (1996-2020)","authors":"عبد السلام حسن, عبد الزهره طه ظاهر","doi":"10.26436/hjuoz.2023.11.2.1072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26436/hjuoz.2023.11.2.1072","url":null,"abstract":"تهدف هذه الدراسة الى قياس العوامل المحددة للإستثمار الأجنبي المباشر في الدول النامية ذات الدخل المتوسط الاعلى ضمن تصنيفات الدخل للبنك الدولي وتشمل خمسة دول وهي (المكسيك, البرازيل, ماليزيا, رومانيا والصين) للمدة 1996-2020. ولغرض التعرف على اهم عوامل جذب هذا النوع من الاستثمار في هذه الدول إعتمدت الدراسة على الأسلوب الكمي بإستخدام نموذج الإنحدار الذاتي للإبطاء الموزع والمتعلق بمعطيات بيانات البانل المتوازنة (Panel-ARDL) وذلك لتقدير معلمات تلك العوامل المحددة تدفق الإستثمار الأجنبي المباشر على المديين القصير والطويل والمتمثلة في كل من (معدل نمو الناتج المحلي الإجمالي, الاستقرار السياسي, إجمالي تكوين رأس المال, معدل التضخم وسعر الصرف). وتبين من نتائج الدراسة بأنه على المدى القصير لا يوجد تأثير معنوي ذو دلالة احصائية بين الإستثمار الأجنبي المباشر والمتغيرات المفسرة له, أما نتائج التقدير على المدى الطويل لقد أظهرت علاقة إيجابية ذات تأثير معنوي بين الإستثمار الأجنبي المباشر وكل من معدل نمو الناتج المحلي الإجمالي والاستقرار السياسي وإجمالي تكوين رأس المال في دول عينة الدراسة خلال المدة التي غطتها الدراسة. اما المتغيرات التي أثرت بشكل سلبي على الإستثمار الأجنبي المباشر فهما كل من متغير سعر الصرف ومعدل التضخم, فالأول كان ذات تأثير سلبي ومعنوي أما الثاني فكان ذو اثر سلبي ولكن غير معنوي, وكان متغير معدل نمو الناتج المحلي الاجمالي هو الأكثر تأثيرا في جذب الإستثمار الأجنبي المباشر, وتقترح الدراسة بأنه على دول الدراسة ان تواصل خطواتها في إطار المحافظة على الاستقرار الإقتصادي, وإعداد خطة إستثمارية شاملة وواقعية لجميع الفرص الاستثمارية, وكذلك العمل على إستقرار الأوضاع السياسية والتي تعد من العوامل المهمة في تحقيق الحجم المرغوب لتدفق رؤوس الأموال الأجنبية في دول الدراسة.","PeriodicalId":134960,"journal":{"name":"humanities Journal of University of Zakho","volume":"884 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130709454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The reality of applying Bologna process in education from the students of Zakho University viewpoint","authors":"Bewar Shoukry, Mohammed A Mohammed, S. Haji","doi":"10.26436/hjuoz.2023.11.2.1086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26436/hjuoz.2023.11.2.1086","url":null,"abstract":"The current study aimed to identify the viewpoint of the students of  University of Zakho about the reality of applying Bologna process in university education, and the significance of the differences in their viewpoints according to the demographic variables: gender, class, and specialization. The sample consisted of (750) male and female students who were chosen in a stratified random manner from the colleges and faculties of  University of Zakho. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researchers prepared a questionnaire consisting of (41) items divided into four dimensions. The study’s validity and reliability indicators were verified. The data were treated statistically using the arithmetic means and standard deviations, in addition to using the t-test for one sample and for two independent samples. The results indicated that the reality of applying Bologna Process from the students’ point of view is good or high. Besides, there was a significant difference in the students’ point of view about the reality of applying  Bologna Process due to the college variable and in favor of the humanities colleges. No significant differences appeared in their views according to gender and class. In light of the results, a set of recommendations and proposals were presented.","PeriodicalId":134960,"journal":{"name":"humanities Journal of University of Zakho","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126153315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hindu versus christian perspectives on victory, god’s will and love: a comparative study","authors":"A. Mahmoud, Chiad A. Abdulkarim","doi":"10.26436/hjuoz.2023.11.2.914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26436/hjuoz.2023.11.2.914","url":null,"abstract":"This research paper investigates two literary texts, one is an ancient Indian epic Bhagavad Gita (The Song of the Lord) anonymously written between (500 -200 BC) while the second is a historical novel Manuscript Found in Accra by Paulo Coelho. Though the two texts may vary in their genre and their religious tradition, they still share significant features. The first is related to the setting. The first shared feature is army preparation for a war which is going to happen soon based on the setting of both texts. The second feature, in common with the two texts, is in connection with their narrative structures. Both texts are based on a question-answer dialogue, a discourse between two parties of characters. The third significant characteristic shared by the two texts is in connection with their core religious, spiritual, and philosophical themes. Arjuna, in Bhagavad Gita, and the people of Jerusalem, in Manuscript Found in Accra, agitatedly ask their spiritual leaders, Krishna, in the first text, and the Copt, in the second, religious and ethical questions. These questions evidently refer to key subjects which are victory in a military combat, God’s will and volition and love between man and God and among human beings. While analyzing these themes, the discussion thoroughly probes through the two texts’ religious contexts: the Hindu theologian tradition and Biblical teachings. The aim is to meticulously examine the points of disparity between the Hindu versus the Christian understanding of victory in the battlefield, God’s will and love, which are the core themes in this analysis.","PeriodicalId":134960,"journal":{"name":"humanities Journal of University of Zakho","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115175486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}