Immunopathologia Persa最新文献

{"title":"Consistency analysis of ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration and histopathology results in thyroid nodules","authors":"A. Bahrami, Soheila Valizadeh, Nasser Aghamohammadzadeh, F. Najafipour, M. Halimi, Reza Javad-Rashid, J. Jalili, Jalil Houshyar","doi":"10.34172/ipp.2022.31350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ipp.2022.31350","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Thyroid nodules are considered as a frequent clinical problem. The great majority of thyroid nodules are benign; however malignancy probability is predicted to be 5-10%. The inconsistency between ultrasonography and fine-needle aspiration (FNA) findings is one of important problems in management of thyroid nodules. Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the consistency of ultrasonography, FNA and histopathology findings in thyroid nodules. Patients and Methods: In this descriptive study, 93 patients who were candidate for thyroid surgery were included. Data on ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration of the thyroid and histopathologic results before and after surgery were considered. The Cramér’s V and Fisher’s exact tests were conducted for this study. Results: In patients whose ultrasound (US) results were low-suspicious, we observed a significant correlation between FNA and pathology results (Cramér’s V = 0.574, P = 0.037). However, relationship between FNA and pathology was not accessible among patients whose ultrasonography results were intermediate suspicious or high-suspicious due to insufficient number of samples. Conclusion: In our study, a significant correlation was observed between FNA and pathology results in low-suspicious nodules.","PeriodicalId":13454,"journal":{"name":"Immunopathologia Persa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43870931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Composition of the essential oils, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the methanolic extract of Prangos uloptera","authors":"Ali Valibeik, Narges Tavakoli, H. Amiri, Rouhollah Heydari, Leila Hasanvand, R. Rostami, Niloufar Tavakoli Dastjerd, H. Ahmadvand","doi":"10.34172/ipp.2022.29278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ipp.2022.29278","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Prangos uloptera is a medicinal plant from the Apiaceae family which is native to Iran. Objectives: In the current study, phytochemical constituents of the essential oils, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of methanolic extract of the aerial parts of P. uloptera were investigated. Materials and Methods: To determine the main ingredients of the essential oils and to investigate the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of this plant, the GC-MS (gas chromatography - mass spectrometry) analysis, DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay and microdilution method were used. Results: The GC–MS analysis showed that the leading constituents of the essential oils were butyl octanoate (24.88%), 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z) (14.19%) and alpha-pinene (19.28%) in the flowers, fruit and leaves, respectively. The greatest amount of phenolic compound was observed in methanolic extract of the leaves (0.5 ± 0.11 mgGAEs/g). Likewise, the greatest level of flavonoids (0.074 ± 12.4 mg QEs/g) was identified in the leaves. Furthermore, DPPH assay showed the most radical scavenging activity (IC50 201.7 ± 20.39 μg/mL) in the methanolic extract of the leaves. The highest total antioxidant capacity was observed in the fruit (0.004 ± 0.0005 g AAE/ml). The antibacterial activity of the plant extracts against the pathogenic fungal and bacterial species was investigated by broth microdilution method. Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) amounts were in the ranges of 312 to 10000 and 1000 to 10000 mg/ml, respectively. Conclusion: The results of this research demonstrated that P. uloptera was a potent source of useful bioactive compounds, making it a promising candidate for further studies.","PeriodicalId":13454,"journal":{"name":"Immunopathologia Persa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43430821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autoimmune thyroid disease in women with ages between 35 to 45 years based on Azar cohort data","authors":"A. Bahrami, F. Ghorbani, Nasser Aghamohammadzadeh, Farzad Najafipur, Vahieh Sadra","doi":"10.34172/ipp.2022.25265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ipp.2022.25265","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Autoimmune thyroid diseases are common findings in women of childbearing age that could affect fertility rate, pregnancy outcome and complications after pregnancy. These diseases also correlated with other autoimmune diseases. Objectives: In this study, we aim to evaluate the autoimmune thyroid disease in women aged 35 to 45 years based on Azar cohort study data. Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional analytical study, 507 women 35-45 years old without previous thyroid disease from Azar cohort study were evaluated. Demographic findings, data related to previous pregnancies, abortion, miscarriage, infertility and gestational diabetes were recorded for all patients. Blood samples were taken from all patients to measure TSH and anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) levels. Anti-TPO levels ≥40 IU/mL were considered positive. Results: In the studied women, miscarriage occurred in 5.3%, abortion in 27.6% and infertility in 7.3%. Gestational diabetes was reported in 3.9%. The positive anti-TPO prevalence was 21.5%. Patients with positive anti-TPO compared to those with negative anti-TPO had significantly higher cases of hypothyroidism (P<0.001). There was no difference between patients with and without positive anti-TPO regarding miscarriage (5% versus 6.4%), abortion (27.4% versus 28.4%), infertility (7.5% versus 6.4%) and gestational diabetes (7.9% versus 3.6%) (P>0.05). There was no correlation between age and anti-TPO levels. Conclusion: The prevalence of thyroid antibodies in our study population is higher than previous studies. Anti-TPO positivity has no significant effect on pregnancy outcome in this population. Further studies are necessary to define the exact effect of anti-TPO on pregnancy outcomes.","PeriodicalId":13454,"journal":{"name":"Immunopathologia Persa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45724329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The evaluation of COVID-19 effect on pregnancy loss; a molecular and diagnostic approach","authors":"Narjes Afrooz, Seyedeh Kosar Mahmoudi, Mina Yazdizadeh, Zahra Jahanshahiafshar, Neda Sabernia, Marzieh Rohaninasab","doi":"10.34172/ipp.2022.30332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ipp.2022.30332","url":null,"abstract":"The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus originates from Wuhan, China; it has spread around the world. According to studies, the results of the SARS-CoV-2 test have been reported positive for some pregnant women. However, not much is known about the effect of this virus on pregnancy and the outcome of baby. The aim of this review study was to evaluate the molecular and diagnostic approach in evaluating the effect of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on pregnancy loss. The entry of COVID-19 virus into the pregnant mother’s body through various channels, such as the angiotensin-converting enzyme receptor (ACE2) affects immune and coagulation systems and hormone levels. These changes include D-Dimer, platelets and antithrombin III (AT-III) raises and protein C (PC) decrement and also elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, followed by disruption of various signaling pathways such as JAK / STAT and PI3K. Additionally, decreased expression of cyclooxygenase 1 (COX1) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and hormones such as progesterone were observed. These changes ultimately lead to serious pregnancy risks, including miscarriage. Therefore, identifying pathways by which COVID-19 impairs immune and coagulation systems of pregnant women can be a way to design abortion preventive strategies.","PeriodicalId":13454,"journal":{"name":"Immunopathologia Persa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42978727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Helicobacter pylori infection with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","authors":"Saeid Hosseininia, Susan Mohammadi-Kebar, F. Pourfarzi, M. Bahadoram, Masoud Aslani","doi":"10.34172/ipp.2022.32412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ipp.2022.32412","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disease that is systematically characterized by an abnormal inflammatory response affecting the airways, interstitium and vascular bed through reactions to gas and particles, especially cigarette smoking. Recent studies have shown an association between Helicobacter pylori infection and various inflammatory diseases. H. pylori is a gram-negative, microbial bacterium that can be resistant to acidic stomach conditions and can interfere with gastric urease production. In this study, we examined the relationship between H. pylori infection in patients with COPD and the prevalence of H. pylori infection. Objectives: Determining the association between H. pylori infection and COPD. Patients and Methods: This case-control study is based on the Persian cohort study of patients who were referred to the digestive disease research center after being identified in the pulmonary clinic for H. pylori fecal antigen. Information on demographic variables and other related variables were obtained. Finally, the collected information was entered into SPSS software version 24 and the results were displayed descriptively using distribution and frequency tables and graphs and analytical statistics were analyzed using t test and logistic regression. Results: Out of 250 patients, 134 (53.6%) tested positive for H. pylori and 116 (46.4%) tested negative. Out of a total of 250 non-infected people; 106 patients (42.4%) were positive and 144 patients (57.6%) were negative. The two groups were statistically significantly different based on the chi-square test (P = 0.012). Conclusion: Our study showed a direct and significant relationship between H. pylori and COPD, which can be due to the effect of bacteria on lung growth in early life and also the development of systemic inflammation throughout life.","PeriodicalId":13454,"journal":{"name":"Immunopathologia Persa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45315597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IL-17A rs2275913 gene polymorphism in patients with diabetic nephropathy","authors":"Akbar Nazarian, S. M. Hejazian, E. Ahmadian, S. Zununi Vahed, M. Haghi, M. Mobasseri, M. Ardalan","doi":"10.34172/ipp.2022.29320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ipp.2022.29320","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major microvascular complication of diabetes, leading to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the rs2275913 polymorphism of interleukin-17 (IL-17) gene and the incidence of kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Patients and Methods: Blood samples were collected from 113 T2D patients including 56 patients with nephropathy and 57 patients without nephropathy. In addition, 150 healthy individuals were included in this study to compare the results. Gene study was conducted by restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction (RFLP-PCR) method. Results: The frequency of A allele of IL-17A (rs2275913) gene polymorphism was significantly higher in patients with DN compared to healthy controls (P=0.043). In addition, serum creatinine levels were significantly higher in DN patients regardless of their genotypes (P<0.001). Conclusion: Our results showed that diabetic patients who carry at least one A allele of IL-17A (rs2275913) gene polymorphism may develop DN.","PeriodicalId":13454,"journal":{"name":"Immunopathologia Persa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46357629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the analgesic and sedative effects of intravenous ketamine versus morphine administration on relieving long/short bone-fracture pain in the upper/ lower limbs; a phase II clinical trial","authors":"H. Motamed, Meisam Moezi, Azam Khilghi, M. Fahimi","doi":"10.34172/ipp.2022.30334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ipp.2022.30334","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The importance of pain control in patients with limb trauma admitted to emergency departments as well as its complications is among the main concerns in post-emergency care, which contributes to the accelerated improvement of patients’ conditions in a significant manner. Objectives: The present study was to evaluate the analgesic and sedative effects of intravenous (IV) ketamine versus morphine administration on relieving long/short bone-fracture pain in the upper/lower limbs. Patients and Methods: The present study is as a double-blind randomized clinical trial. For this purpose, the effect of ketamine and morphine were initially examined using IV ketamine and morphine administration, respectively, at the doses of 0.4 and 0.1 mg/kg/IV/10 min in patients, aged 18-65 years with limb trauma, and admitted to hospital emergency departments. Afterward, the duration of the analgesic effect, the amount of pain relief, according to the visual analog scale (VAS) outcomes, and the complications for each drug, including apnea, bradycardia, tachycardia, altered level of consciousness, nausea, vomiting, hypertension/hypotension, seizures and disturbed sleep were compared, and then the preferred method was introduced. Results: In this study, 120 patients in total, including 60 cases receiving ketamine and 60 individuals receiving morphine, were recruited. The participants’ age range was between 19 -70 years. The patients’ mean age was 47.04±12.57 years of whom 89 patients (74.2%) were male. The study results indicated that the potency of the low-dose ketamine infusion in relieving pain in patients was comparable to that of morphine. Conclusion: It was concluded that ketamine could be administered as an alternative to IV morphine to reduce long/short bone-fracture pain in the upper/lower limbs. Trial Registration: The trial protocol was authorized by the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials, (identifier: IRCT20170716035105N3; https://en.irct.ir/trial/26628, ethical code: IR.AJUMS.REC.1396.248).","PeriodicalId":13454,"journal":{"name":"Immunopathologia Persa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42968778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The STAT4 SNP (rs7574865) and systemic lupus erythematosus","authors":"G. Bayat, S. M. Hejazian, E. Ahmadian, Seyed Sina Hejazian, A. Khabbazi, S. Zununi Vahed, M. Ardalan","doi":"10.34172/ipp.2022.29321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ipp.2022.29321","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease affecting several systems and organs in the body. The association of STAT4 transcription factor with SLE risk remains unclear. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the association of STAT4 gene polymorphism (rs7574865) with the incidence of SLE. Patients and Methods: One hundred and sixty participants (80 patients with SLE and 80 healthy individuals) were included in this study. Gene analysis was conducted by amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) in peripheral blood samples. Results: Fifty-seven percent (n=45) of patients with SLE had SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI) above six and had active disease. In the SLE group, the frequency of G and T alleles were 81% and 19%, respectively. Moreover, 72.50% (n=58) of patients carried the GG genotype, 17.5% (n=14) had the GT genotype and 10.1% (n=8) carried the TT genotype. There was no significant difference between allele frequency and genotypic distribution for rs7574865 polymorphism (P>0.05) between SLE and control groups. Significant differences were observed between the distribution of genotypes and clinical manifestations including leukopenia (P=0.04), pulmonary (P=0.01) and ophthalmic (P=0.049) problems. The T allele with an odd ratio of 1.47 and confidence interval of 0.80 to 2.6 could increase the risk of SLE; however, it was not statistically significant (P=0.20). Conclusion: The T allele and TT genotype of the STAT4 rs7574865 polymorphism could increase the risk of lupus; however, these observations were not statistically significant.","PeriodicalId":13454,"journal":{"name":"Immunopathologia Persa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48058055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation the expression of insulin and insulin receptor-beta (IR-β) in sperm of infertile male with failed intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)","authors":"Fateme Alizadeh, M. Hemadi, G. Saki, Akram Gavahi, F. Moramezi, A. Valizadeh","doi":"10.34172/ipp.2022.7162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ipp.2022.7162","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Most infertility treatment centers are currently using semen analysis to differentiate between fertile and infertile individuals. Recent studies have evaluated the expression and secretion of independent insulin and related beta receptor (IR-β) in mammals’ ejaculated spermatozoa such as humans and pigs, and its effect on motility parameters capacitation and acrosomal reaction. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the expression of insulin, IR-β and the parameters of sperm and DNA fragmentation index (DFI) in men with intracytoplasmic sperm injections (ICSI) failed. Patients and Methods: This study was conducted on 15 men with unknown infertility with a history of unsuccessful ICSI and 10 fertile men. After collecting samples, sperm parameters (concentration and motility), sperm DNA fragmentation and expression of insulin and IR-β genes were investigated. To assess DFI from SDFA kit and to review the expression, the genes were analyzed via RT-PCR method. Data were analyzed statistically by t-test and covariance tests. Results: Based on the findings of this research, the concentration and percentage of motility in infertile men with a history of unsuccessful ICSI was significantly lower than fertile individuals, moreover, the amount of DNA fragmentation significantly increased in infertile men with a history of unsuccessful ICSI compared to fertile men (P < 0.05). Insulin expression in the sperm of infertile men with a failed ICSI history was significantly lower than fertile men (P < 0.05); however, the IR-β expression rate was not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion: Evaluation of insulin gene expression can be helpful as a good marker for identifying infertility with an unknown cause.","PeriodicalId":13454,"journal":{"name":"Immunopathologia Persa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42230113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost-effectiveness analysis of infliximab versus CinnoRA in the treatment of moderate to severe ulcerative colitis in Iranian patients","authors":"Meysam Olfatifar, H. Asadzadeh Aghdaei, Ayda Hasanpour Dehkordi, S. Shahrokh, M. Pourhoseingholi, H. Balaii, Mohsen Rajabnia, M. Ivanchuk, P. Ivanchuk, Saeed Hashemi Nazari, S. Sabour, P. Rohani, G. Mehralian, S. Khodakarim, B. Hatami, Habib Malekpour, Ghazal Sherkat, M. Zali, Sajjad Rahimi Pordanjani","doi":"10.34172/ipp.2022.29293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ipp.2022.29293","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: As two biological agents, infliximab (IFX) and biosimilar adalimumab (CinnoRA®) are routinely used in the clinical management of ulcerative colitis (UC) in Iran. Objectives: This study was done to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of IFX versus CinnoRA for the treatment of moderate-to-severe UC patients. Patients and Methods: To accomplish this, we developed a hybrid decision-tree/microsimulation (MS) approach for modeling UC’s natural history. We populated our model with available data on probabilities, costs, utilities / disutilities, and emergent adverse effects. Costs were reported in Iranian Rial (IRR) and in April 2021 US dollars ($). One-way and multiple sensitivity analyses were used to determine the uncertainty of the model’s parameters. Results: For five, 10, and lifetime horizon times, patients on IFX received slightly more quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) per year in remission and experienced about 3 to 5 times less surgery than CinnoRA patients. With willingness-to-pay (WTP) thresholds of 1800 ($7826.08), 820($3565.21), and 520 ($2260.86) million IRR for these horizon times, IFX was cost-effective with 100% certainty. Our findings were highly sensitive to the number of adverse effects. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that IFX is more effective and more costly than CinnoRA, and if we ignore the predicted surgeries, CinnoRA is nearly as effective as IFX. However, these findings should be cautiously interpreted without a robust clinical trial of CinnoRA in UC patients. Since the impact of CinnoRA may have been over/underestimated.","PeriodicalId":13454,"journal":{"name":"Immunopathologia Persa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44528963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}