Indian Journal of Dermatology最新文献

{"title":"Role of Antioxidants in Melasma: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Rashmi Sarkar, Anjali Sahu","doi":"10.4103/ijd.ijd_473_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijd.ijd_473_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Melasma is a common skin disorder characterized by facial hyperpigmentation, often aggravated by sun exposure. Antioxidants are being studied as a treatment option for their potential to reduce oxidative stress and improve skin pigmentation. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed for articles published over the past decade, up to January 31, 2024, on the use of antioxidants in melasma treatment. The systematic review, conducted by two independent investigators, included 30 studies on antioxidants in melasma, covering vitamin C, cysteamine, silymarin, PLE, tomato extract/lycopene, zinc sulfate, melatonin, and other antioxidants. Findings indicated that combining vitamin C with physical therapies, such as peels and lasers, yielded better results. Cysteamine, a naturally occurring aminothiol, showed efficacy comparable to hydroquinone with fewer side effects. Silymarin was effective in reducing melasma severity with minimal adverse effects. PLE showed mixed results but potential as an effective antioxidant when combined with other treatments. Lycopene from tomato extract demonstrated significant improvements in melasma when used as an adjuvant therapy. Zinc sulfate showed some effectiveness but was less potent than hydroquinone. Melatonin had antioxidant capabilities but showed no statistically significant improvement. Glutathione is emerging as a new antioxidant therapy showing efficacy in melasma in combination with other topicals and microneedling. Other antioxidants, including combinations of vitamins C, E, and ferulic acid, showed potential as adjuncts in melasma treatment. These findings highlight the diverse efficacy of antioxidants in managing melasma, suggesting their potential as safe and effective treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":13401,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Dermatology","volume":"70 3","pages":"125-134"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12139628/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144247714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two White Lesions on the Floor of the Mouth.","authors":"Evânio V Silva, Magdalena R T Reyes, Karina H Martins, Luana S S Gonçalves, Anderson T F da Silva, Jorge E León","doi":"10.4103/ijd.ijd_199_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijd.ijd_199_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13401,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Dermatology","volume":"70 3","pages":"166-168"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12139620/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144247715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unravelling the Enigma: Primary Angioplasmacellular Hyperplasia.","authors":"Priyanka Sunil Malhotra, Mahesh Unni, Akshata Anil Mane, Akshay Arvind Patankar","doi":"10.4103/ijd.ijd_540_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijd.ijd_540_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13401,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Dermatology","volume":"70 3","pages":"157-158"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12139619/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144247716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"80% Lactic Acid Peel Versus 50% Glycolic Acid Peel for Melasma: A Randomised Clinical Trial.","authors":"Priya P Kadu, Rachana A Laul","doi":"10.4103/ijd.ijd_969_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijd.ijd_969_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Peels are simple, inexpensive office procedures with acceptable side effect profiles and make a good treatment modality for patients with melasma. Glycolic acid peels have been used widely for the treatment of melasma. Due to their tendency to cause undesirable side effects such as post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, other modalities need to be studied. To compare the efficacy of 80% lactic acid and 50% glycolic acid peel for the treatment of melasma. This was a prospective, single-blinded (study subjects), randomised study. Forty patients with melasma between the ages of 18-50 years from the dermatology outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital in Central India were included in the study and randomised to receive either 80% lactic acid peel or 50% glycolic acid peel (20 in the lactic acid group and 20 in the glycolic acid group) for four sessions at 2-week intervals. The efficacy was assessed using Melasma Area and Severity Index (MASI) scores calculated at the baseline and at the end of the treatment (10 weeks). The pre- and post-treatment MASI scores were calculated for each treatment, and their difference was compared using the Mann-Whitney test. Thirty-four patients completed the study over 6 months and were included in the final analysis. Six patients were lost to follow-up. The median (25^th-75^th percentile) decrease in MASI with glycolic acid 50% peel was 2.85 (1.875-3), which was significantly higher as compared to lactic acid 80% peel, which was 1.8 (1.125-2.4) (<i>P</i> value = 0.009). No significant difference was seen in the side effect profile (<i>P</i> value = 0.105). 50% glycolic acid peel is more efficacious than 80% lactic acid peel for the treatment of melasma.</p>","PeriodicalId":13401,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Dermatology","volume":"70 3","pages":"152-156"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12139622/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144247687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-Sectional Study on Impact and Effect of Cosmetics upon Female Medical Students.","authors":"Narmadha Selvaraj, Abirami Punniyaseelan","doi":"10.4103/ijd.ijd_339_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijd.ijd_339_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and justification: </strong>The cosmetic market is booming all over the world with 25% annual growth in every year. By the year 2025, it is expected that the turn over from the industry will cross 20 billion dollars. After beauty contests that are conducted from various levels and after IT boom in India, the demand and urge for cosmetics has increased among the youngsters. In this context, we have planned to conduct a study on Impact and Effect of cosmetics upon female medical students.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>1. To assess the various cosmetics used for skin, hair and nail either daily or periodically. 2. To assess the effect of cosmetics on skin.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong><i>Study population</i>: Female medical students from 2^nd year to CRMI were taken on comparing the usability of cosmetics. <i>Sample size</i>: Twenty-five students from each batches were included. <i>Sampling procedures</i>: A questionnaire on cosmetics usage was issued and the responses were collected. A examination of the skin, hair and nail was done at the end along with skin moisture content analysis. <i>Analysis plan</i> <b>:</b> Univariate analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Acne and scarring noticed among 42 students, atopic dermatitis, xerosis and ichthyosis among 22 students. Their cleansers were not addressed properly. Seborrhoeic dermatitis noticed among 8 students and brittle hair/dry scalp among 9 students whose hair cleansers, oil application practices and hair conditioning techniques were rectified.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this study, we identified that medical students are also not exceptional for getting obsessed with online marketing, peer influence and irrational cosmetic usage. The adequate knowledge on cosmetics lack in many of our students. This grey area has to be addressed properly among medical students while teaching them.</p>","PeriodicalId":13401,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Dermatology","volume":"70 3","pages":"169"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12139625/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144247693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of <i>In vitro</i> Susceptibility Profile of Dermatophytes Against 8 Antifungal Agents: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Sudeshna Das, Deepti Rawat, Ravinder Kaur, Vibhu Mendiratta, Pradeep K Singh","doi":"10.4103/ijd.ijd_647_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijd.ijd_647_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The currently reported prevalence of dermatophytosis (superficial mycoses) in India ranges from 6.09%-61.5%. Due to the rising cases of treatment failure, chronic recalcitrant disease, and frequent relapses, standardization of antifungal susceptibility testing of dermatophytes has become important.</p><p><strong>Aims and objectives: </strong>To determine the <i>in vitro</i> susceptibility profile of different isolates of dermatophytes to eight antifungal drugs by broth microdilution method.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In total, 236 consecutive patients who were clinically suspected of suffering from dermatophytosis were included in this cross-sectional descriptive study. Nails, hair clippings, and skin scrapings were tested by the KOH mount and cultured on Sabouraud's agar medium (incubated at 25°C and 37°C) and dermatophyte test media. The dermatophytes isolated were identified based on the morphology of the colony growth as observed in the lacto phenol cotton blue (LPCB) mount, temperature tolerance, urease production, and <i>in vitro</i> hair perforation test. Antifungal susceptibility test was performed for dermatophytes against eight antifungal agents (terbinafine, griseofulvin, itraconazole, fluconazole, voriconazole, ketoconazole, luliconazole, and posaconazole) using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute broth microdilution method (M38-3^rd edition).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>Trichophyton rubrum</i> was the most common dermatophyte species isolated in the study. Triazoles were found to have low minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), except fluconazole, which showed very high MIC values with 55.2% isolates showing resistance (MIC ≥ 32 μg/mL). Luliconazole had the lowest MIC90 (0.003 μg/mL). There was a wide variation in the MIC values for terbinafine (0.06-16 μg/mL) and griseofulvin (0.125-8 μg/mL) with 13.1% and 52.6% of isolates showing resistance (MIC ≥ 4 μg/mL) to terbinafine and griseofulvin respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study showcases the MIC values of eight anti-fungal drugs used for the treatment of different species of dermatophytes. It was observed that the commonly used antifungals such as fluconazole, griseofulvin, and terbinafine showed high MIC values compared to newer drugs such as luliconazole, posaconazole and voriconazole. More studies based on species distribution and antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST) should be performed to understand the changing epidemiology of dermatophytosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":13401,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Dermatology","volume":"70 3","pages":"117-124"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12139623/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144247691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 with High Fever: A Trigger Factor for Alopecia Areata?","authors":"Jiayi Liu, Jianke Li, Mingfei Chen","doi":"10.4103/ijd.ijd_323_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijd.ijd_323_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13401,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Dermatology","volume":"70 3","pages":"169"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12139621/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144247692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanistic Insights on Skin ageing and Dermatologic Interventions to Slow Ageing Process.","authors":"Rajashree Sriram, V Gopal","doi":"10.4103/ijd.ijd_210_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijd.ijd_210_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The skin which is a robust predictor of age-related diseases, undergoes morphological and physiological alterations, because of synergistic effects of Intrinsic or Chronological (Age-dependent decline of cell function) and Extrinsic (environmental insults) ageing factors. Ageing is a preordained process that can be determined as the collection of various deleterious changes in cells and tissues. Skin that ages as a consequence of the combination effect of intrinsic and extrinsic factors is characterized by coarseness, wrinkling, hyperpigmentation, telangiectasia, burns and skin sagging. Despite the structural and pathophysiological differences, both types of ageing share several molecular similarities, with the emergence of reactive oxygen species and matrix metalloproteinases induction reflecting as the key aspects of skin ageing. This review elucidates the skin ageing mechanism with a focus on the management of dermatologic ageing that includes treatment strategies and trends in the use of invasive procedures, and energy-based devices which are aimed at addressing skin ageing phenotypes.</p>","PeriodicalId":13401,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Dermatology","volume":"70 3","pages":"135-145"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12139627/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144247696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potassium Iodide in Dermatology- Recent Advances in Mechanism of Action, Preparation, Uses and Adverse Effects.","authors":"Nishant Goel, Bhavana R Doshi","doi":"10.4103/ijd.ijd_508_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijd.ijd_508_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Potassium iodide (KI) is a simple yet versatile drug. It has been successfully used for the treatment of various diseases in dermatology, but there are very limited studies on the exact mechanism of action, preparation, and dosage of potassium iodide, causing concerns regarding its toxicity. This article reviews the multimodal mechanism of action of KI and standardises the method of preparation of a saturated solution of potassium iodide (SSKI) on an OPD basis. It also lists the existing and newer indications, optimal dosages, adverse effects, and contraindications of potassium iodide, thereby enabling the proper utilisation of this age-old remedy as a cost-effective yet safe treatment option for various inflammatory dermatoses, including panniculitis (erythema nodosum, erythema induratum, subacute nodular migratory panniculitis), Wegener's granulomatosis, granuloma annulare, Behcet's syndrome, pyoderma gangrenosum, Sweet's syndrome, and erythema multiforme. Potassium iodide is also used for fungal infections, including cutaneous and lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis, cutaneous cryptococcosis, entomophthoramycosis, human pythiosis, chromoblastomycosis, and mucormycosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":13401,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Dermatology","volume":"70 3","pages":"169"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12139630/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144247697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dupilumab-Induced Granuloma Annulare: A Challenging Adverse Effect of Atopic Dermatitis Treatment.","authors":"Christeebella O Akpala, Yue-Ping Zhang, Giang H Nguyen","doi":"10.4103/ijd.ijd_32_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijd.ijd_32_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13401,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Dermatology","volume":"70 3","pages":"158-160"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12139617/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144247695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}