Indian Journal of Dermatology最新文献

{"title":"Detection of Dermatophytes in Subclinically Involved Nails by Polymerase Chain Reaction in Patients with Skin Dermatophytosis: A Prospective Observational Study.","authors":"Daya Babu, Reena Rai, Lavanya Sriramajayam","doi":"10.4103/ijd.ijd_350_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijd.ijd_350_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Patients with skin dermatophytosis can have subclinical dermatophytes in the nails, which can easily be missed on clinical examination. Dermatophytes may not be isolated from normal-appearing nails by KOH and culture, where it can serve as a reservoir for recurrent infection. Detection can be made by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a more sensitive and faster technique.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To detect the presence of dermatophytes in clinically unaffected nails by PCR in patients with skin dermatophytosis and to evaluate the diagnostic performance of KOH, culture, and PCR in detecting subclinical nail involvement.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this prospective observational study, 120 patients with skin KOH positivity had their nail clippings collected and sent for KOH, PCR, and culture. Results were tabulated, and statistical analysis was done.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 120 patients, nail KOH revealed that 39 patients (32.5%) tested positive for dermatophytes, while 81 (67.5%) tested negative. Nail culture on Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) and dermatophyte test medium (DTM) showed dermatophyte growth in 44 patients: <i>Trichophyton mentagrophytes</i> (15.1%), <i>Trichophyton rubrum</i> (12.1%), <i>Trichophyton tonsurans</i> (4.2%), and unidentified dermatophytes (2.4%). PCR identified dermatophytes in 57 patients (47.5%). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy of KOH compared to PCR were found to be 68.4%, 100%, 100%, 77.8%, and 85% respectively; the same parameters for culture versus PCR were found to be 77.2%, 96.8%, 95.7%, 82.4%, and 87.5%, respectively, and for PCR versus culture were found to be 100%, 82.9%, 77.2%, 100%, and 89.2%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In patients with dermatophyte infection, nail PCR can detect subclinical infection in the nail, which may serve as a reservoir for ongoing infection and recurrence.</p>","PeriodicalId":13401,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Dermatology","volume":"71 5","pages":"380-385"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13549690/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148906136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence of Pathogens and Evaluation of their Antibacterial Sensitivity among Iraqi cases with Inflammatory Acne.","authors":"Fadhil Abbas Abdulrasool, Faten Al-Azzawi, Wisam Majeed Kattoof, Rabab Naeem Alag","doi":"10.4103/ijd.ijd_227_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijd.ijd_227_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acne vulgaris (AV) is one of the most common skin diseases. It is caused by several types of bacterial genera that are resident in the human skin. P. acne in particular is one of the most important causes because it is found in the pilosebaceous units. This study aimed to isolate and identify the common bacteria that cause AV and test the antibiotic susceptibility.</p><p><strong>Materials: </strong>This study ran from April to October 2024. Samples of the study were taken from inflammatory papular and pustular acne lesions from 50 dermatology patients (22 males and 28 females) aged between 18 and 26 years.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Staph aureus was the most prevalent bacteria with (29) 43.28% and Staph epidermidis the least common with (3) 4.47%. Sometimes patients had both P. acne and Staphylococcal aureus (12 samples, 17.91%). Both species showed high sensitivity to levofloxacin in the top of the list and the strongest resistance to ampicillin on the other side.</p>","PeriodicalId":13401,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Dermatology","volume":"71 5","pages":"366-371"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13549695/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148906177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapidly Enlarging Dark Purple Flank Vascular Tumour in a 12-Month-Old Infant with Thrombocytopenia.","authors":"Eui Deuk Hwang, Jinhee Kim, Jung Eun Kwon, Dae-Lyong Ha","doi":"10.4103/ijd.ijd_292_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijd.ijd_292_25","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13401,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Dermatology","volume":"71 5","pages":"421"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13549678/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148906241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dermoscopy's Hidden Gem: Cross-Polarized Dermoscopy Unveiling Trichothiodystrophy at the Bedside.","authors":"Taiba Trumboo, Yasmeen Jabeen Bhat, Saika Reyaz","doi":"10.4103/ijd.ijd_857_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijd.ijd_857_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13401,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Dermatology","volume":"71 5","pages":"421"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13549682/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148906158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is Impaired Sleep Quality a Triggering Factor in Melasma Patients? A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Ceylan Avcı, Gülfem Akın, Sevgi Akarsu, Turna İlknur","doi":"10.4103/ijd.ijd_879_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijd.ijd_879_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sleep disorders trigger the hormonal imbalance and the accumulation of reactive oxygen molecules which are involved in melasma pathogenesis.</p><p><strong>Aims and objectives: </strong>This study aims to assess the potential relationship between melasma and sleep components.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>One hundred patients with melasma and 100 sex- and age-matched healthy controls aged over 18 were included. The melasma area severity index (MASI) and melasma quality of life (MelasQoL) scores of the patients were calculated. The Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) were applied to patients with melasma and healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with the controls, the median PSQI and ESS total scores were higher in the melasma patients. The patients with melasma reported impaired sleep components more frequently than the healthy controls. The rate of cases with excessive daytime sleepiness was similar between the patients and the controls. The analysis did not reveal any statistically significant correlation between MASI, MelasQoL, and the two questionnaires for melasma patients. In the multivariate analyses, the following factors were found to affect melasma: subjective sleep quality score (OR: 2.49, 95%CI: 1.26-4.89); sleep latency score (OR: 2.16, 95%CI: 1.34-3.49), sleep disturbances score (OR: 2.78, 95%CI: 1.17-6.57), Fitzpatrick skin type (OR: 1.88, 95% CI: 1.15-3.07), and total ESS score (OR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.04-1.23).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study's findings suggest impaired subjective sleep quality, prolonged sleep onset latency, and sleep disturbances may affect melasma. Dermatologists should consider the potential benefits of improving sleep hygiene and treating sleep disorders in melasma patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":13401,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Dermatology","volume":"71 5","pages":"348-353"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13549686/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148906200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness and Safety Profile of Oral Tofacitinib in Alopecia Areata: An Observational Study from a Tertiary Hospital.","authors":"Yasmeen Jabeen Bhat, Mohd Shurjeel Ul Islam, Taiba Trumboo, Kewal Krishan, Manzoor Ahmad Bhat, Saika Reyaz, Ishrat Binti Ismail, Najam U Saqib, Shuhaab Ahmad Shah, Megha Jain, Hassina Banoo","doi":"10.4103/ijd.ijd_865_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijd.ijd_865_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Alopecia areata (AA) is a chronic folliculocentric inflammatory disease with hair loss ranging from patchy to diffuse involvement, with a chronic remitting and relapsing course. It has a multifactorial pathogenesis and immense psychosocial implications. Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway involving the inhibition of interferon-gamma (IFNγ) and subsequent inflammatory cytokine cascade is its key mechanism of action.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To determine the effectiveness and safety profile of oral tofacitinib in alopecia areata.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 30 patients with extensive AA, not responding to conventional therapies, were included in this study. Clinical assessment was performed by Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT) score and dermoscopic assessment by alopecia areata predictive score (AAPS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SALT score at 6 months showed a mean SALT reduction of 79.27% (43.33% of patients), followed by 93.16% (26.67%), 28.24% (20%), and 3.76% (10%). Similarly, at 6 months, we observed a positive change in AAPS of 4.25 (>90% SALT reduction) followed by 2.9 (50%-90%), 1.66 (10%-50%), and 1 (<10%). Highly statistically significant results were achieved. Autoimmune thyroid disease was the most common comorbidity. Mild side effects were observed and managed with dose reduction.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>These included small sample size, less follow-up periods, lack of controls, and non-responders.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Oral tofacitinib showed promising results, with most patients showing a >50% (mean = 79.27%) SALT reduction and a mean 2.9 dermoscopic positive change in AAPS assessment. Mild or no side effects were observed.</p>","PeriodicalId":13401,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Dermatology","volume":"71 5","pages":"372-379"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13549691/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148906155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"'Cutting Through the Roots': A Critical Appraisal of Transverse and Vertical Sectioning Techniques of Scalp Biopsy for Primary Alopecia.","authors":"Seetu Palo","doi":"10.4103/ijd.ijd_450_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijd.ijd_450_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alopecia, a prevalent and distressing condition with diverse aetiologies, encompasses both scarring and non-scarring types and necessitates accurate diagnostic approaches for effective management. Apart from optimal biopsy site selection based on clinical suspicion, such as active borders for scarring alopecias and lesion borders for non-scarring alopecias, choice of appropriate method for grossing of alopecic scalp biopsies also forms a key step. Historically, debates on 'One (biopsy) Vs Two (biopsies)' and 'Vertical/Longitudinal Vs Horizontal/Transverse' sections persist, each approach carrying its advantages and disadvantages. Traditional methods, such as those proposed by Headington and Whiting, describe the landmarks for slicing a biopsy for transverse section. Newer innovative strategies, including the HoVert technique and the Tyler technique, aim to obtain both vertical and horizontal sections from a single biopsy. This article meticulously presents all the methodologies employed in the grossing of alopecic scalp biopsies in a simplified manner, presents a comprehensive overview of their strengths and limitations, and offers evidence-based recommendation for choosing optimal grossing techniques based on clinical scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":13401,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Dermatology","volume":"71 5","pages":"403-409"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13549692/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148906182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cultural Competency in Sustainable Dermatology: Climate Change, Environmental Impact, and Traditional Care.","authors":"Vijayasankar Palaniappan, Hima Gopinath, Kaliaperumal Karthikeyan","doi":"10.4103/ijd.ijd_704_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijd.ijd_704_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Climate change and environmental degradation profoundly affect skin health, necessitating sustainable dermatological practices. Integrating cultural competency enhances these efforts by respecting traditional care systems while promoting eco-conscious choices. Many Indian communities use plant-based, biodegradable, and locally sourced ingredients such as coconut oil, Shikakai, soapnut, hibiscus, and henna, aligning naturally with sustainability goals. Evaluating the life-cycle impact of dermatologic products, reducing plastic use, and incorporating cultural practices like sari or turban-based sun protection can advance equitable and green dermatology. Combining scientific evidence with traditional wisdom fosters inclusive, ethical, and environmentally responsible skin care for a resilient dermatological future.</p>","PeriodicalId":13401,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Dermatology","volume":"71 5","pages":"392-394"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13549694/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148906118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Pigmented Eccrine Poroma Inspected by Dermoscopy: A Correspondence.","authors":"Zongzhou Xie, Yingjia Chen, Feiyan Lin","doi":"10.4103/ijd.ijd_704_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijd.ijd_704_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13401,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Dermatology","volume":"71 5","pages":"414-415"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13549677/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148906109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology as an Aid to Diagnose Lymphogranuloma Venereum in a Resource-Poor Setting - A Case Report.","authors":"Jeebanjyoti Mishra, Jayashree Mohanty, Aurobinda Bhoi, Suchismita Dalai, Kishore Kumar Meher, Siddhartha Dash","doi":"10.4103/ijd.ijd_1176_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijd.ijd_1176_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13401,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Dermatology","volume":"71 5","pages":"420"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13549684/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148906121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}