{"title":"A Wideband and High Sensitivity Active Near-Field Magnetic Probe With a Horizontal Transition","authors":"Zhi-Jun Luo, Yun-Feng Fan, Yu-Xu Liu","doi":"10.1049/mia2.70076","DOIUrl":"10.1049/mia2.70076","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this paper, the wideband and high sensitivity active near-field magnetic probe is proposed. The probe has three sections, including a coupling section, a transmission section and an amplifier circuit section. In the coupling section, the small loop with the process limit is designed to achieve high spatial resolution. In the transmission section, the horizontal gradual microstrip line (SL) to grounded coplanar waveguide (GCPW) transition is designed for good field and impedance matching, resulting in a wide bandwidth. A low-noise amplifier is integrated into the amplifier section to achieve high sensitivity. The proposed probe is fabricated under the printed circuit board (PCB) process. Simulation and measurement results indicate that the operating frequency band of the probe is from 10 MHz to 8 GHz, the spatial resolution is 0.6 mm, and the sensitivity is 21.5 dB higher than that of the passive reference probe with the same size.</p>","PeriodicalId":13374,"journal":{"name":"Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/mia2.70076","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147665934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Miniaturised Circularly Polarised Planar Antenna Utilising a Novel Square Ring Patch Feeding Structure","authors":"Minyu Jiang, Lei Zhu, Yuanjian Liu","doi":"10.1049/mia2.70080","DOIUrl":"10.1049/mia2.70080","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this article, a miniaturised circularly polarised (CP) metasurface (MTS) antenna excited by a square-ring patch loaded with L-shaped stubs is proposed and developed. A novel MTS antenna is presented, composed of a 3 × 3 patch array integrated with four sets of orthogonal capacitive stubs. In contrast to traditional MTS CP antenna, the capacitive stubs loaded in this design simultaneously control circular polarisation and miniaturisation characteristics, thus requiring a specially designed square-ring feeding structure. Simulated results for the proposed antenna show that an axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of 11.7% in fraction (5.65–6.34 GHz) is achieved with excellent impedance matching. Compared to conventional aperture coupled MTS CP antennas, the proposed structure achieves a size reduction of over 50%. It also exhibits superior axial ratio (AR) bandwidth and a more compact form factor compared to other antennas of similar type. Measured results show a −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 15% (5.66–6.57 GHz), a 3 dB AR bandwidth of 9.5% (5.7–6.25 GHz) and a peak gain over 6.53 dBi in addition to a compact overall size of 0.48λ<sub>0</sub> × 0.48λ<sub>0</sub> × 0.07λ<sub>0</sub>.</p>","PeriodicalId":13374,"journal":{"name":"Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/mia2.70080","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147643206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Study and Experimental Demonstration of 2-D Electronically Controlled Continuous Beam Steering With the Combination of Slotted Waveguide and Digital Beamforming in 0.2 THz Band","authors":"Kai Wang, Chao Li, Shen Zheng, Xiaojun Liu, Guangyou Fang, Yirong Wu","doi":"10.1049/mia2.70093","DOIUrl":"10.1049/mia2.70093","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Electronic beam scanning surpasses mechanical rotation in speed and maintenance, yet 2-D continuous electronic scanning around 0.2 THz remains challenging. This paper proposes combining slotted-waveguide frequency scanning with digital beamforming phased-arrays to realise 2-D continuous electronic scanning at 197–205 GHz. Frequency scanning employs alternating slot placement on a rectangular waveguide to broaden the scan range while achieving E-plane symmetry. Optimisation using an equivalent circuit model and power transmission method yields H-plane patterns with 20 dB grating lobe suppression and high main beam radiation efficiency. Phase scanning utilises unit aperture extension to suppress grating lobes even for element spacing much larger than a wavelength. Testing combines near-to-far field extrapolation with digital beamforming via a ‘two-step feed line calibration’, verifying phase-controlled scanning capability. According to the measurement results, the proposed antenna achieves a beam scanning range of 14.1° × 8° and exhibits main beam radiation efficiency of more than 86% across the entire bandwidth.</p>","PeriodicalId":13374,"journal":{"name":"Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/mia2.70093","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147668390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Adaptive Partitioning Parallel MLFMA for Simulating Radome-Enclosed Antenna Arrays","authors":"Lei Yin, Peng Hou, Xunwang Zhao, Zhongchao Lin, Yu Zhang, Xifeng Pu, Yong-Chang Jiao","doi":"10.1049/mia2.70094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/mia2.70094","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Accurate and efficient simulation of large-scale radome-enclosed antenna arrays is challenging in the fields such as radar and communication. The parallel multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA) is suitable for solving radiation problems of large-scale radome-enclosed antenna arrays. To enhance the efficiency and balance the workloads for the MLFMA, this paper presents a parallel MLFMA framework. The proposed algorithm creates multiple MLFMA octrees for different medium regions and waveport excitations. In the parallel computation of near-field interactions, an auxiliary octree is constructed to avoid the duplication of triangular integrals and employ the K-way approach to partition the workloads. In the computation of far-field interactions through evaluating the workloads related to each tree and dynamically partitioning the process groups, an adaptive partitioning strategy is designed to balance the workloads of multiple octrees, which reduces the communication traffic and achieves high parallel efficiency. Numerical results show that efficiencies of the parallel MLFMA are higher than 80% when the number of processes increases from 36 to 720.</p>","PeriodicalId":13374,"journal":{"name":"Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/mia2.70094","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147665929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Simon Stenmark, Thomas Rylander, Tomas McKelvey, Andrei Ludvig-Osipov
{"title":"GIANT Networks: Very Deep Fully Connected Neural Networks Applied to Microwave Problems","authors":"Simon Stenmark, Thomas Rylander, Tomas McKelvey, Andrei Ludvig-Osipov","doi":"10.1049/mia2.70077","DOIUrl":"10.1049/mia2.70077","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We present the Gradient-Informed Attentive Normalisation Training (GIANT) framework with the objective to create very deep fully connected neural networks, which we use as surrogate models in the context of microwave problems. As the central component of the GIANT framework, we introduce a novel dynamic reparameterisation procedure for the weight-bias parameter space by means of a low-variance preserving normalisation layer for each fully connected layer and we refer to this construction as Attentive Normalisation (AttNorm). As part of AttNorm, we also introduce a new and tailored updating scheme that improves the convergence during training. To efficiently train very deep fully connected neural networks, we exploit Sobolev training with gradient information, which is computed at a very low computational cost by means of continuum sensitivity analysis. We test our novel approach on two microwave applications: (i) a six-port microwave cavity with a random medium and (ii) an H-plane waveguide filter optimised under geometrical uncertainty. For these examples, we demonstrate successful training of neural networks with up to 30 layers, which are sufficiently accurate and expressive to serve as excellent surrogate models.</p>","PeriodicalId":13374,"journal":{"name":"Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/mia2.70077","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147643224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}