Yuwei Zhang, Shu Lin, Zhenyu Xu, Xingqi Zhang, Xinyue Zhang
{"title":"Compact broadband high-gain dielectric rod antenna with air–dielectric hybrid design for millimetre-wave applications","authors":"Yuwei Zhang, Shu Lin, Zhenyu Xu, Xingqi Zhang, Xinyue Zhang","doi":"10.1049/mia2.12537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/mia2.12537","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper presents a compact, broadband, high-gain dielectric rod antenna. By utilising an air–dielectric hybrid method for designing the radiating and matching sections, gradual variations in the average equivalent permittivity along the rod are achieved, and the mechanism of the method is analysed. This approach facilitates a smooth impedance transition from the feed to the air, resulting in good impedance matching characteristics. Additionally, the antenna is fed through a tapered double-ridged waveguide (DRW) with a coaxial line to tapered DRW transition. The proposed antenna achieves an impressive impedance bandwidth of 90.2%, covering the entire K and Ka bands. The unique structure of the proposed dielectric rod significantly enhances the antenna's gain, reaching a maximum value of 17.86 dBi. With its small aperture and compact longitudinal dimensions, this antenna is suitable for applications in settings like the Space Environment Simulation Research Infrastructure (SESRI).</p>","PeriodicalId":13374,"journal":{"name":"Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation","volume":"18 12","pages":"1156-1163"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/mia2.12537","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143248399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ehsan Rashidi-Ranjbar, Jalil A. Rashed-Mohassel, Mojtaba Dehmollaian
{"title":"Frequency-diverse aperture imaging using an open cavity with a rough base","authors":"Ehsan Rashidi-Ranjbar, Jalil A. Rashed-Mohassel, Mojtaba Dehmollaian","doi":"10.1049/mia2.12535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/mia2.12535","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper proposes a single-shot computational imaging using a new frequency-diverse aperture, an open-ended cavity with a rough surface base. First, it shows that scattering from a conducting rough surface made of conducting cones placed at random positions on a conducting ground plane, normally illuminated by an ultra-wideband horn antenna (working in the 2–20 GHz range) provides random patterns with a frequency correlation function (FCF) width of Δ<i>f</i>, about hundreds of MHz. Next, by introducing four conducting walls placed around the rough surface, it obtains a higher number of spatially uncorrelated radiation patterns and a narrower FCF width of about Δ<i>f</i>/10, tens of MHz. To approximate the radiation patterns and measurement matrices in the numerical simulations, the geometrical optics (GO) approximation is used taking into account multiple interactions. On the other hand, to estimate them in practice, a trihedral corner reflector installed on an XYZ positioning table is employed. Finally, the image of a planar object with the shape of plus is reconstructed using the minimum least-squares technique. The paper shows that for a 0.81 square metre image size, a decent-focused image with a pixel size of about 0.81/400 square metres (about 5 cm × 5 cm) is realisable by using 400 frequency samples within the frequency range of 2–20 GHz.</p>","PeriodicalId":13374,"journal":{"name":"Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation","volume":"18 12","pages":"1139-1147"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/mia2.12535","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143248319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"280–300 GHz SiGe-InP hybrid-integrated transmitter with 21.9 dBm EIRP and 10 Gbps data rate","authors":"Haiyan Lu, Jixin Chen, Pinpin Yan, Si-Yuan Tang, Yu Zheng, Sidou Zheng, Wei Cheng, Yan Sun, Peigen Zhou, Long Chang, Longzhu Cai, Zhi Hao Jiang, Hongqi Tao, Tangsheng Chen, Wei Hong","doi":"10.1049/mia2.12532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/mia2.12532","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this paper, a 280–300 GHz hybrid-integrated transmitter is proposed. The advantages of the SiGe and InP chips are fully made use by integrating these two chips. For low cost and high integration, the local oscillator chain and mixer are based on chips in SiGe technology, and the 300-GHz power amplifier and on-chip antenna are realised in InP technology for high output power and small die size. The low-cost bonding wires are introduced for the interconnection between these two chips, and the lens are attached above the on-chip antenna for further EIRP enhancement. Finally, the proposed transmitter is fabricated and measured, which shows comparable performances with 21.9 dBm EIRP (equivalent isotropic radiated power) and 10 Gbps data rate.</p>","PeriodicalId":13374,"journal":{"name":"Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation","volume":"18 12","pages":"878-884"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/mia2.12532","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143253713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Machine learning-driven design of dual-band antennas using PGGAN and enhanced feature mapping","authors":"Lung-Fai Tuen, Ching-Lieh Li, Yu-Jen Chi, Chien-Ching Chiu, Po Hsiang Chen","doi":"10.1049/mia2.12534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/mia2.12534","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper presents a systematic antenna design methodology that integrates machine learning, leveraging the progressive growth technique of Progressive Growing of GANs (PGGAN) to generate images of various dual-band PIFA-like antenna structures. The process involves using data augmentation methods to generate 4180 antenna samples. In the latent space, the authors employ Latin Hypercube Sampling to maintain diversity and combine it with the Hough Transform to enhance the edge features of the antennas while providing labelling functionality. This labelling method strengthens the relationship between antenna frequency and wavelength characteristics. The paper clearly outlines the design process, starting from the simulation of two types of single-frequency PIFA-like antennas (2.45 and 5.2 GHz, respectively) to the completion of PGGAN's generation task, resulting in a novel dual-band Wi-Fi PIFA-like antenna structure. The measurement results of the dual-band antennas exhibit excellent consistency with the simulation results.</p>","PeriodicalId":13374,"journal":{"name":"Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation","volume":"18 12","pages":"1113-1138"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/mia2.12534","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143253415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Computation of monostatic RCS using adaptive sparsity pattern preconditioning with an MBF-MLFMM approach","authors":"Carlos Delgado, Eliseo García, Felipe Cátedra","doi":"10.1049/mia2.12531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/mia2.12531","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This work presents a numerical technique for the analysis of the Radar Cross Section (RCS) of large targets combining macro-basis functions, the multilevel fast multipole method and the generation of near-field preconditioners, using an approximate inverse matrix where the sparsity pattern is dynamic and computed considering an upper memory threshold. In order to improve the scalability, a group of rows is computed using the same least squares matrix minimising the Frobenius norm of the error, rendering each row group problem independent from the rest. This approach is applied to large and realistic problems in the test cases included. The presented preconditioner can be used to optimise the convergence of complex problems with respect to the hardware resources available in each case while being transparent to the user.</p>","PeriodicalId":13374,"journal":{"name":"Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation","volume":"18 12","pages":"1094-1103"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/mia2.12531","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143253174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juseop Lee, Hyunjong Choi, Jongheun Lee, Minhyup Song
{"title":"Direct design method for wideband quadruplet and higher-order bandpass filters with a pair of transmission zeros based on explicit design formulas","authors":"Juseop Lee, Hyunjong Choi, Jongheun Lee, Minhyup Song","doi":"10.1049/mia2.12530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/mia2.12530","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper presents a direct design approach and explicit design formulas for a wideband quadruplet bandpass filter with a pair of transmission zeros. A filter can be designed based on a filter schematic composed of only transmission lines and a short-circuited coupled-line section. The electrical length of all lines including the coupled-line section is 90<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>°</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${}^{circ}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>. The impedances of all lines can be calculated by explicit design formulas given in terms of the normalised coupling values in a coupling matrix of a quadruplet filter, which differentiates this work from existing design approaches. A fourth-order filter example is illustrated for demonstrating the practicality of using the presented structure and design formulas. This paper also discusses the expansion of the presented direct design approach for higher-order filter designs.</p>","PeriodicalId":13374,"journal":{"name":"Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation","volume":"18 12","pages":"1084-1093"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/mia2.12530","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143252939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dan-Dan Wang, Qi-Zirui Lu, Chao Han, Yun Fang, Yu-Rong Pu
{"title":"General numerical solution of integral equation for long-range low-frequency groundwave propagation over irregular terrain","authors":"Dan-Dan Wang, Qi-Zirui Lu, Chao Han, Yun Fang, Yu-Rong Pu","doi":"10.1049/mia2.12536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/mia2.12536","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The flexibility of the integral equation (IE) method is limited by the available numerical solutions with uniform-grid schemes. In this paper, a general numerical solution of the IE is presented to predict long-range low-frequency (LF) groundwave propagation over irregular terrain. The general numerical solution is re-derived with the aid of Legendre–Gauss quadrature and interpolation quadrature. The great advantage of the resulting algorithm is that it can freely use non-uniform grid sizes in the computation area without loss of accuracy. Numerical results in two surface types, including triangular mountain and actual terrain are used to demonstrate the performance of the presented algorithm. Furthermore, it is ascertained that the non-physical perturbations at long propagation ranges in the IE predictions are caused by the inherent uniform-grid schemes of the numerical solution rather than the several approximations in the derivation of the IE form.</p>","PeriodicalId":13374,"journal":{"name":"Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation","volume":"18 12","pages":"1148-1155"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/mia2.12536","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143253063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Plane wave diffraction by a semi-infinite parallel-plate waveguide with partial material loading: The case of H polarisation","authors":"Tong Zhang, Kazuya Kobayashi","doi":"10.1049/mia2.12528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/mia2.12528","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The analysis of diffraction by a semi-infinite parallel-plate waveguide with partial material loading is rigorously carried out using the Wiener–Hopf technique for the H-polarised plane wave incidence. In solving the Wiener–Hopf equations, the authors apply the Modified Residue Calculus Technique (MRCT) to achieve highly accurate solutions. The scattered field in real space is explicitly derived by performing the inverse Fourier transform of the solution in the transform domain. Within the waveguide, the scattered field is represented in terms of the waveguide TM modes, while the external field is asymptotically evaluated by applying the saddle-point method to yield a far field expression. The authors present representative numerical examples of the radar cross section for various physical parameters and discuss the far-field scattering characteristics in detail. Comparisons with the E-polarisation are also given.</p>","PeriodicalId":13374,"journal":{"name":"Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation","volume":"18 12","pages":"1055-1068"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/mia2.12528","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143252723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yongzhong Zhu, Fangxuan Zou, Wenxuan Xie, Kaiwei Zuo, Bao Xiong
{"title":"Ultra-broadband OAM generator of high-efficiency, high-purity vortex electromagnetic waves based on an ultrathin reflective Pancharatnam–Berry metasurface for the microwave band","authors":"Yongzhong Zhu, Fangxuan Zou, Wenxuan Xie, Kaiwei Zuo, Bao Xiong","doi":"10.1049/mia2.12513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/mia2.12513","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this paper, a new arc-shaped meta-atom like a fishbone controlled by Pancharatnam–Berry (PB) phase is designed for a microwave band, which can yield a high-purity vortex electromagnetic (EM) waves ranged from 10.63 to 26.86 GHz (relative bandwidth of 86.6%) with an efficiency of more than 90%. A single-beam metasurface with <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>m</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $m$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> = +1, −2 and +3 modes is designed, respectively. Finally, a prototype with <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>m</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $m$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> = −2 mode is manufactured in order to prove the feasibility of the designed metasurface. It shows that the experimental results are in good agreement with the ones of the simulation, which verified the excellent performance of the metasurface. The metasurface has a series of edges such as ultra-broadband, high efficiency, high purity and low profile compared to the conventional metasurfaces, which have strong practical applied value and significance for wireless communication.</p>","PeriodicalId":13374,"journal":{"name":"Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation","volume":"18 12","pages":"964-973"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/mia2.12513","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143248921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Junwei Bao, Zhuangzhuang Cui, Yang Miao, Qiuming Zhu, Kai Mao, Boyu Hua
{"title":"Doppler effects in UAV-to-vehicle multipath channels under 6D mobility","authors":"Junwei Bao, Zhuangzhuang Cui, Yang Miao, Qiuming Zhu, Kai Mao, Boyu Hua","doi":"10.1049/mia2.12527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/mia2.12527","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) empowered vehicular networks are capable of providing flexible radio access, efficient data transmission, and secure driving operation. For these promising applications, the authors focus on channel modelling for UAV-to-vehicle (U2V) communications in this paper, which is the very first step for communication system design. Based on geometry and multi-dimensional mobility patterns, a geometry-based stochastic model framework for U2V communication is studied. Considering the practical scenario, multipath components (MPCs) are composed of a line-of-sight (LoS) path, a ground reflection (GR) path, and several random scattering (SC) paths. Specifically, the movement of a UAV in both three-dimensional (3D) translational and 3D rotational directions is considered as well as a ground vehicle capable of moving in arbitrary directions with varying velocities. Subsequently, the Doppler shift expressions for various paths and movements are presented individually, incorporating spatial angles. Comprehensive simulation results are examined, illustrating that six-dimensional (6D) motion exhibits varying effects with linear relative velocity, local angular velocity, and two types of spatial angles. Moreover, channel statistical properties such as temporal auto-correlation function (TCF) and Doppler power spectral density (PSD) are studied to show the consideration of 6D mobility is indispensable.</p>","PeriodicalId":13374,"journal":{"name":"Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation","volume":"18 12","pages":"1042-1054"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/mia2.12527","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143248920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}