Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation最新文献

{"title":"Analysis of an Impedance-Adaptive W-Band GaN MMIC Power Amplifier","authors":"Stefan Stroessner,&nbsp;Laila Marzall,&nbsp;Andrea Arias-Purdue,&nbsp;Scott Schafer,&nbsp;Zoya Popović","doi":"10.1049/mia2.70132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/mia2.70132","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper presents a W-band monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) power amplifier (PA) with an integrated, low-loss reconfigurable matching network (RMN) implemented in a 40-nm GaN-on-SiC process. To investigate adaptive impedance matching, two shunt 4 × 37.5 <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>μ</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${upmu }$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>m GaN HEMTs are incorporated as a discrete RMN at the output of the combiner. An extensive analysis shows that in simulation, the integrated RMN demonstrates low insertion loss with modest efficiency improvement under load variation compared to a fixed 50 <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>Ω</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${Omega }$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> design. Nonlinear model tuning of foundry PDK elements is performed to identify discrepancies between simulation and measurements, which are attributed to intrinsic model parameter shifts. The three-stage PA employs a 1:2:4 staging ratio across two driver stages and an output stage with reactive power combining, achieving a peak small-signal gain of 18.1 dB at 77 GHz and a 3-dB bandwidth of 74.7–81 GHz (8 <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>%</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $%$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> FBW). Large-signal measurements at 77.2 GHz show an output power of 25.3 dBm (0.34 W), 13.3 dB power gain and 11 <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>%</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $%$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> PAE. The amplifier performance is evaluated across multiple chips to analyse repeatability. The results demonstrate the feasibility of embedding reconfigurable elements into millimetre-wave PAs while highlighting tradeoffs between integration complexity, drive limitations and achievable efficiency across multiple chips from different wafers.</p>","PeriodicalId":13374,"journal":{"name":"Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/mia2.70132","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149146045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid Dielectric–Metadome Structures Modelled via 2-D Ray Tracing and Physical Optics","authors":"Hairu Wang,&nbsp;Mingzheng Chen,&nbsp;Francisco Mesa,&nbsp;Oscar Quevedo-Teruel","doi":"10.1049/mia2.70134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/mia2.70134","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study introduces a hybrid dome structure that combines a dielectric lens (DL) and a metadome (MD) to enhance the scanning capabilities of phased array antennas (PAAs). These configurations show great potential for improving the scanning capacity of PAAs with a lightweight dome while allowing a broad frequency range. Since traditional full-wave simulations of such electrically large structures are computationally intensive and time-consuming, the radiation characteristics of hybrid dome structures are analysed using a simplified two-dimensional (2-D) ray-tracing and physical-optics (RT-PO) model. This RT-PO model enables precise computation of the radiation pattern in a principal plane using much less computational resources than full-wave simulations. The RT-PO model is validated by comparing it with full-wave simulations of hybrid domes featuring practical metaelements. The novelty of this work lies in the validation of the hybrid dome concept and the use of a simplified 2-D RT-PO model that facilitates rapid analysis/design tasks. The hybrid dome is found to be an effective solution to extend the scanning range of PAAs and this integrated system is highly suitable for a wide range of uses in emerging beam-scanning antenna technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":13374,"journal":{"name":"Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/mia2.70134","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149048418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of a Broadband Reconfigurable Transmitarray and Evaluation of Its Radiation and Scattering Characteristics Using an EM-Acquired CRCS-Based Link Gain Model","authors":"Ting-Hao Shih,&nbsp;Shih-Cheng Lin,&nbsp;Dai-Ting Tsai","doi":"10.1049/mia2.70133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/mia2.70133","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper presents the design, modelling, and experimental validation of a broadband 1-bit reconfigurable transmitarray (RTA) for transmissive beamforming at 11.7 GHz. A receive–transmit (Rx–Tx) unit cell is developed by introducing interdigital structures on both the receive and transmit layers, providing capacitive loading and additional high-frequency current paths without requiring an air gap. The proposed unit cell achieves a 3-dB transmission-loss bandwidth of 23.1% from 10.48 to 13.18 GHz, with a transmission loss of 1.6 dB and a 1-bit phase difference within 180° ± 20° at 11.7 GHz. To connect the unit-cell scattering response with array-level performance, an end-to-end link gain model incorporating frequency-dependent EM-acquired complex radar cross section (CRCS) patterns is proposed. The model evaluates both the RTA antenna radiation gain and the RTA scattering characteristics, including its RCS and equivalent relay-gain interpretation. A 32 × 32 RTA prototype with a 32.5 × 32.5 cm² aperture is fabricated and measured. The measured results demonstrate beam scanning from 120° to 240°, a boresight gain of 20.7 dBi, a maximum scanning loss of 3.5 dB and a 3-dB gain bandwidth of 19.7%. The proposed model effectively predicts the main-beam direction, gain trend and gain-frequency response.</p>","PeriodicalId":13374,"journal":{"name":"Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/mia2.70133","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148942666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compact Single-Cavity Dual-Band SIW Filter Based on Orthogonal Hybrid Loading","authors":"Ziyu Zhou,&nbsp;Gang Dong,&nbsp;Xinqing Lei,&nbsp;Zhangming Zhu","doi":"10.1049/mia2.70126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/mia2.70126","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A compact, high-selectivity, dual-band substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) filter is proposed in this paper based on an orthogonal hybrid loading scheme. To address the inherent trade-off among circuit size, frequency selectivity and tuning flexibility in conventional single-cavity dual-band SIW designs, two symmetrical capacitive conductive posts and three central inductive metallised vias are orthogonally integrated into a single cavity to reconstruct the first four resonant modes for dual-passband operation. The capacitive posts modulate higher-order resonant modes to support mode reconstruction, lowering the lower passband frequency for miniaturisation and quasi-independent tuning. The inductive vias regulate the inter-mode coupling strength to generate two controllable transmission zeros and achieve independent bandwidth adjustment for both passbands. A filter prototype is implemented using the multilayer PCB process. It occupies a compact footprint of 0.76 λg² and operates at 5.48 and 8.36 GHz with 3-dB fractional bandwidths of 3.8% and 5%, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":13374,"journal":{"name":"Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/mia2.70126","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148753091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gain Enhancement of Spoof Surface Plasmon Polaritons Fed Tapered Slot Antenna Arrays","authors":"Yiming Zhang,&nbsp;Peng Zhang,&nbsp;Zhi Ning Chen,&nbsp;Sailing He","doi":"10.1049/mia2.70125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/mia2.70125","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPP)-based field-matching feeding method is presented to enhance the gain of tapered slot antenna arrays (TSAAs). By enhancing electromagnetic energy transfer at SSPP hotspots and enhancing field confinement for a uniform electric field distribution over TSA apertures, the radiation efficiency relative to accepted power is increased and directivity is improved. The study demonstrates a 2.82-dB gain enhancement for a single TSA at 30 GHz compared with a conventional microstrip-to-slotline feeding structure. Furthermore, a 12-element linear leaky-wave antenna (LWA) using the proposed SSPP-fed TSA unit cells realises a maximum measured gain of 15.4 dBi and an average measured gain of 13.3 dBi across the operating bands. The LWA's single-beam scanning continuously covers a range from −72° to +75° (17–31.2 GHz) under the <i>n</i> = −1 space harmonic and from −14° to +48° (33–38 GHz) under the <i>n</i> = −2 space harmonic.</p>","PeriodicalId":13374,"journal":{"name":"Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/mia2.70125","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148752903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurement and Hybrid Modelling of Scattering Characteristics of Indoor Materials at 300 GHz","authors":"Jingyi Liang,&nbsp;Yuanjian Liu,&nbsp;Shuangde Li,&nbsp;Xu Zhang,&nbsp;Wei Cao","doi":"10.1049/mia2.70109","DOIUrl":"10.1049/mia2.70109","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the terahertz (THz) band, where the wavelength is comparable to the material surface microstructure, rough surface scattering significantly influences wave propagation mechanisms. The classical Beckmann–Kirchhoff (B–K) model is widely used for rough surface scattering, but its accuracy in realistic THz indoor scenarios remains insufficiently quantified. This paper evaluates the B–K model against 300 GHz scattering measurements from six representative indoor materials including ceramic tile, wood plank, rough plasterboard, smooth plasterboard, bamboo-wood fibre and aluminium alloy. Although the B–K model is nearly unbiased on average, it overestimates near the specular direction and underestimates at wide scattering angles due to limitations of the Kirchhoff approximation. To address this, we propose a physics-informed hybrid model that uses the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm to learn nonlinear residuals between B–K predictions and measurements. The residual correction model achieves an <i>R</i>² of 0.934 and root mean square error (RMSE) of 1.87 dB on the test set, reducing specular overestimation and improving wide-angle prediction. Leave-one-material-out validation further indicates that the model learns transferable scattering relationships for dielectric building materials, whereas extrapolation to metals is limited by the database containing only a single metal. This work provides a physics-informed residual correction framework for THz scattering prediction and highlights the need for diverse material databases to enable broader model transferability.</p>","PeriodicalId":13374,"journal":{"name":"Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/mia2.70109","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148466723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A High-Efficiency L-Band Planar Array Antenna Using a Shielded Suspended Stripline Feed Network on a Lossy FR-4 Substrate","authors":"Soon Young Eom,&nbsp;Dong Pil Chang","doi":"10.1049/mia2.70115","DOIUrl":"10.1049/mia2.70115","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper presents a high-efficiency L-band planar array antenna employing a shielded suspended stripline feed network on a conventional FR-4 substrate. Although achieving high efficiency on FR-4 is generally challenging because of its relatively high dielectric loss tangent, the proposed feed network mitigates substrate loss by realising quasi-air propagation characteristics with an effective permittivity close to unity. The antenna consists of a 6 × 6 planar array of cross-slot-coupled corner-truncated patch elements for left-hand circular polarisation (LHCP), and a sequential rotation feeding scheme based on four quarter subarrays with 90° phase offsets is adopted to improve the axial ratio at the array level. The fabricated antenna uses a 0.2-mm-thick FR-4 PCB integrated with upper and lower metallic shielding enclosures. Experimental results show a measured peak gain of 23.25 dBi and a system-level antenna efficiency exceeding 84% over the operating band from 1.52 to 1.675 GHz, with a boresight axial ratio below 1.51 dB across the entire band. These results confirm that high-efficiency planar array antennas can be realised on a lossy FR-4 substrate, making the proposed design a promising candidate for L-band satellite ground terminal applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":13374,"journal":{"name":"Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/mia2.70115","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148381134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perfectly Conducting Structures With Low Signature in a Broad Band of Frequencies","authors":"Johan Helsing,&nbsp;Anders Karlsson","doi":"10.1049/mia2.70114","DOIUrl":"10.1049/mia2.70114","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper is about perfectly electrically conducting structures designed to produce negligible scattered power when exposed to a time-harmonic plane electromagnetic wave. The structures feature cavities capable of concealing objects. Apart from examples of two- and three-dimensional close-to-invisible structures, two findings concerning invisibility are presented. The first establishes a reciprocity relation for the far-field scattering amplitude, and the second reveals the existence of nonradiating sources that generate substantial electromagnetic fields near the source region. The results have applications in low-observable technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":13374,"journal":{"name":"Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/mia2.70114","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148381175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultra-Compact Slot-Loaded Cross-Shaped Dual-Port Antenna With Intrinsic Isolation and High Front-to-Back Ratio for Dedicated Short-Range Communication Applications","authors":"C. Peter Devadoss,&nbsp;A. Beno,&nbsp;C. Bennila Thangammal,&nbsp;D. Rajesh Kumar,&nbsp;R. Dhananjeyan,&nbsp;Tadele A. Abose","doi":"10.1049/mia2.70117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/mia2.70117","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A compact dual-port antenna is proposed for Dedicated Short-Range Communications (DSRC) operating in the 5.85–5.925 GHz frequency band. The antenna employs a symmetric slot-loaded cross-shaped patch configuration with closely spaced central feed points to intrinsically suppress mutual coupling and control surface current distribution. Without using any external decoupling networks, parasitic elements, or complex feeding structures, the proposed antenna achieves high port isolation exceeding 25 dB, reaching approximately 35 dB at the centre frequency of 5.88 GHz. The antenna exhibits an ultra-compact electrical size of 0.43<i>λ</i> × 0.43<i>λ</i> × 0.012<i>λ</i> on a Rogers RT/Duroid 5880 substrate, making it well suited for space-constrained DSRC on-board unit integration. In addition to compactness and high isolation, the antenna demonstrates highly directional radiation characteristics with a measured front-to-back ratio of approximately 17.6 dB, which is explicitly quantified and experimentally validated. These attributes—an electrical footprint of 0.43<i>λ</i> × 0.43<i>λ</i> × 0.012<i>λ</i>, measured isolation of approximately 35 dB at 5.88 GHz, a gain of 6.4 dBi, and a front-to-back ratio of 17.6 dB collectively make the proposed antenna a practical and self-contained solution for DSRC on-board unit deployment in vehicular and point-to-point communication platforms.</p>","PeriodicalId":13374,"journal":{"name":"Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/mia2.70117","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148282529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wideband Dual-Polarised Tapered Slot Antenna With Compact Structure for Full-Duplex Applications","authors":"Fan Zhang,&nbsp;Yue-Ying Zhang,&nbsp;Rui Wang,&nbsp;Pan Lu","doi":"10.1049/mia2.70105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/mia2.70105","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A compact, wideband dual-polarised antenna with high isolation is presented for in-band full-duplex applications. In order to achieve high isolation, an orthogonal tapered slot antenna (TSA) with symmetric configuration is designed and investigated to realize the proposed aperture-level coupling cancelation (ALCC) concept. An asymmetric top-loading patch is employed to lower the TSA's profile, resulting in a more compact structure and improved impedance matching. The proposed design with electrical dimensions of Φ 0.49λ_min × 0.29λ_min (λ_min is the free-space wavelength at the lowest operational frequency) is fabricated, measured and analysed. The measurement results reveal that the proposed antenna exhibits a 10 dB return loss bandwidth of 73.5% (2.52–5.45 GHz), an isolation of ≥ 45.6 dB over the bandwidth from 3.4 to 5.45 GHz (46.3%) and peak isolation of 70.3 dB at 4.7 GHz.</p>","PeriodicalId":13374,"journal":{"name":"Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/mia2.70105","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148282289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}