Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation最新文献

Ultra Wideband Low-RCS Linear Polarised Array Based on Composite Metasurface 基于复合超表面的超宽带低rcs线性极化阵列

IF 1.1 4区计算机科学

Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation Pub Date : 2025-06-09 DOI: 10.1049/mia2.70024

Yanni Wang, Chenjiang Guo, Xia Ma, Jun Ding, Xiaoyan Pang

{"title":"Ultra Wideband Low-RCS Linear Polarised Array Based on Composite Metasurface","authors":"Yanni Wang, Chenjiang Guo, Xia Ma, Jun Ding, Xiaoyan Pang","doi":"10.1049/mia2.70024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/mia2.70024","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposed the design of an ultra-wideband antenna array with low radar cross section (RCS) based on a composite metasurface. In the high-frequency region, an ultra-wideband polarisation conversion metasurface (PCM) unit is designed. Under normal incident wave illumination, a pair of mirrored PCM units operate in anti-phase, effectively achieving radar cross section reduction (RCSR). In the lower frequency region, a corner-cut square patch is introduced, which generates an approximate <math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mn>180</mn>\u0000 <mo>°</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $180{}^{circ}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> phase shift relative to the PCM unit, enabling RCSR through phase cancellation. These corner-cutted square patches simultaneously serve as antenna radiators, thereby simplifying the design and reducing structural complexity. Simulation results demonstrate that the metasurface-excited antenna array operates within a frequency range of 10<math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>∼</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${sim} $</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>11.5 GHz, achieving a peak gain of 12.5 dBi. The in-band and out-of-band RCSR bandwidth reaches 125.6%. Compared with the reference antenna and reference metasurfaces composed of a single type of unit, the proposed antenna not only broadens the RCSR bandwidth but also enhances the RCSR performance. Finally, the fabricated antenna is measured, and the measured results align well with the simulations, confirming the proposed design's effectiveness, antenna array, metasurface, radar cross section, ultra-wideband, and phase cancellation.","PeriodicalId":13374,"journal":{"name":"Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/mia2.70024","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144244900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hybrid Frequency-Polarisation Coding Method for Chipless Radio-Frequency Identification Tags With Angular Orientation 角定向无芯片射频识别标签的混合频偏振编码方法

IF 1.1 4区计算机科学

Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation Pub Date : 2025-06-05 DOI: 10.1049/mia2.70028

Zilong Chen, Yang Yang, Xiaoxiang He, Shengchuan Xiao

引用次数: 0

A Novel Ku-Band Waveguide Piezo-Electric Air Gap Capacitor Using a Single Tuning Element 一种使用单一调谐元件的新型ku波段波导压电气隙电容器

IF 1.1 4区计算机科学

Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation Pub Date : 2025-06-05 DOI: 10.1049/mia2.70029

Abraham Loutridis, Ioannis Vagias, Glenn Leighton, Chris Shaw

{"title":"A Novel Ku-Band Waveguide Piezo-Electric Air Gap Capacitor Using a Single Tuning Element","authors":"Abraham Loutridis, Ioannis Vagias, Glenn Leighton, Chris Shaw","doi":"10.1049/mia2.70029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/mia2.70029","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, a tuning element with controllable air gap integrated and implemented in a rectangular Ku-band WR62 waveguide is presented. The proposed tuning element concept, consists of two, top and bottom, thin conductive parallelepiped arms, which are placed in the middle of the rectangular waveguide structure. The bottom arm is bending to control the gap width (w) between the two arms, whereas the second arm is fixed. The curvature of the bending arm is controlled by a piezo-electric actuator, which affects the phase shift of the re-scattered E-field at the output port. The tuning element was designed with a 5% bandwidth centred at 15 GHz. The compact size, low-cost and the easy-to-manufacture proposed design offers a considerable phase shift with very low insertion loss, given its electrical size and operational waveband. A prototype, for the distinct frequency band, has been manufactured and measured. The same prototype has been simulated in ANSYS HFSS. The numerical results will be later used to validate the actual electromechanical prototype.","PeriodicalId":13374,"journal":{"name":"Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/mia2.70029","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144220193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Systematic Approach for Determining Transmitarray Specifications in Near-Field Scenarios 一种确定近场发射阵列规格的系统方法

IF 1.1 4区计算机科学

Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation Pub Date : 2025-05-29 DOI: 10.1049/mia2.70027

Sara Moinzad, Jalil A. Rashed Mohassel, Mahmoud Mohammad-Taheri

{"title":"A Systematic Approach for Determining Transmitarray Specifications in Near-Field Scenarios","authors":"Sara Moinzad, Jalil A. Rashed Mohassel, Mahmoud Mohammad-Taheri","doi":"10.1049/mia2.70027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/mia2.70027","url":null,"abstract":"Manipulating near-field electromagnetic wavefronts is crucial for hyperthermia, compact test range systems and wireless power transmission. This paper investigates a design methodology of transmitarrays for near-field wavefront shaping. Unlike conventional methods that rely on trial and error or optimisation procedures, this approach establishes practical relationships to determine transmitarray specifications. At first, the achievable resolution is calculated based on the observation distance. Then, transmitarray specifications are calculated based on the number of observation points, observation distance and achievable resolution. This methodology enables a swift and precise design process by integrating the Moore–Penrose inverse technique and dyadic Green's functions (DGFs). Detailed examples demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach, achieving desired electromagnetic patterns while reducing complexities and design iterations. This work significantly advances the understanding and practical implementation of near-field shaping techniques, particularly for applications requiring tailored electromagnetic patterns. Analytical and experimental results rigorously validate the problem formulation, confirming the proposed algorithm's capability and highlighting its potential for widespread application.","PeriodicalId":13374,"journal":{"name":"Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/mia2.70027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144171440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Large Gap E-Plane Omori Circulator: First and Second Circulation Conditions 大间隙e平面Omori环行器：一、二次循环条件

IF 1.1 4区计算机科学

Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1049/mia2.70026

Joseph Helszajn, Louis-Philippe Carignan, Mark McKay, Bill Tsounis, Ke Wu

引用次数: 0

Fully Controllable Beam-Steering 1-THz Transmitarray Using Graphene–Metal Hybrid Metasurface 基于石墨烯-金属混合超表面的完全可控波束导向1太赫兹发射阵列

IF 1.1 4区计算机科学

Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1049/mia2.70025

P. Hosseini, H. Oraizi

{"title":"Fully Controllable Beam-Steering 1-THz Transmitarray Using Graphene–Metal Hybrid Metasurface","authors":"P. Hosseini, H. Oraizi","doi":"10.1049/mia2.70025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/mia2.70025","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a 1-THz graphene–metal-hybrid transmissive metasurface is proposed, which consists of six layers. By applying a dc biasing voltage, over a <math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mn>360</mn>\u0000 <mo>°</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $360{}^{circ}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>-phase variation of the transmitted wave is obtained. Also a transmitarray for steering a pencil-beam in the 3D direction is designed using the proposed unit cell. Using the patch type structure in the transmitarray design has less surface wave and edge diffraction, in comparison with slot type transmitarray design, which leads to lower side lobe level and a wider steering angular rang. The obtained maximum gain is 23.5 dB. The designed beam steering is in <math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>θ</mi>\u0000 <mo>=</mo>\u0000 <mn>0</mn>\u0000 <mo>°</mo>\u0000 <mo>−</mo>\u0000 <mn>45</mn>\u0000 <mo>°</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $theta =0{}^{circ}-45{}^{circ}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> and <math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>ϕ</mi>\u0000 <mo>=</mo>\u0000 <mn>0</mn>\u0000 <mo>°</mo>\u0000 <mo>−</mo>\u0000 <mn>360</mn>\u0000 <mo>°</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $phi =0{}^{circ}-360{}^{circ}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>.","PeriodicalId":13374,"journal":{"name":"Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/mia2.70025","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144074363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Waveform and Weight Vector Design for Anti-Reconnaissance Based on FDA 基于FDA的反侦察波形和权向量设计

IF 1.1 4区计算机科学

Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation Pub Date : 2025-05-07 DOI: 10.1049/mia2.70015

Mingjie Liu, Chunyang Wang, Lei Bao, Jian Gong, Ming Tan, Changlin Zhou

{"title":"Waveform and Weight Vector Design for Anti-Reconnaissance Based on FDA","authors":"Mingjie Liu, Chunyang Wang, Lei Bao, Jian Gong, Ming Tan, Changlin Zhou","doi":"10.1049/mia2.70015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/mia2.70015","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes an anti-reconnaissance waveform and weight vector design method for frequency diverse array (FDA). According to the spatial spectrum estimation, the direction of arrival (DOA) mean square error (MSE) model is built based on the waveform and weight vector. The authors analyse the anti-reconnaissance capability of phased array (PA), Multiple-input Multiple-output (MIMO), and FDA. Moreover, the waveform and weight vector of the FDA can be designed to affect the estimation of the reconnaissance aircraft DOA. Then, reconnaissance aircraft DOA estimation MSE and radar DOA estimation MSE are combined to form an optimisation problem. The waveform and weight vector joint design method is proposed. The authors decompose the multivariate non-convex optimisation problem into waveform and weight vector optimisation subproblems. The theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed method can affect reconnaissance aircraft estimation compared to other radars and methods. The radar DOA estimation performance can also be maintained well.","PeriodicalId":13374,"journal":{"name":"Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/mia2.70015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fundamental and Harmonic Beamforming of Desire Time-Modulated Planar Arrays With Deep Learning 基于深度学习的期望时调制平面阵列基频和谐波波束形成

IF 1.1 4区计算机科学

Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation Pub Date : 2025-05-07 DOI: 10.1049/mia2.70018

Mohammad Mashayekhi, Hossein Soleimani

{"title":"Fundamental and Harmonic Beamforming of Desire Time-Modulated Planar Arrays With Deep Learning","authors":"Mohammad Mashayekhi, Hossein Soleimani","doi":"10.1049/mia2.70018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/mia2.70018","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, there has been a significant surge in the utilisation of deep learning and machine learning techniques for addressing complex and time-intensive problems. The significance of employing deep learning becomes increasingly evident as the complexity of the problem increases. In the field of electromagnetics, the utilisation of deep learning techniques has exhibited exceptional efficacy across many applications, especially in wireless communications. In wireless communications, providing a structure that can simultaneously generate multiple beams and beamform them involves complexity and specific constraints. In this article, the time modulation technique is utilised to generate harmonics in the sidebands alongside the fundamental beam in various planar antenna arrays. By demonstrating the nonlinear shaping of the harmonic beams relative to each other, a novel approach is proposed that leverages deep learning techniques for the beamforming of both the fundamental beam and harmonic beams. In this regard, two models are proposed: a deep neural network (DNN) and a convolutional neural network (CNN). The input of CNN is comprised of two-dimensional patterns of the main beam and harmonics. The input to DNN, on the other hand, includes useful details about the main beam and harmonics, such as their scanning angles, side lobe levels and directivities. The output of the models consists of the time modulation parameters of the array elements, including the pulse width and the pulse delay. The results demonstrate that DNN has achieved better accuracy and a shorter processing time in comprehending the relationship between the time modulation of array elements with different array dimensions and the radiation pattern of the fundamental beam and harmonic beams. Additionally, several samples are presented to evaluate the proposed model. The results demonstrate a high level of accuracy in fundamental beamforming, as well as in harmonic beamforming and beam steering.","PeriodicalId":13374,"journal":{"name":"Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/mia2.70018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Antenna Modelling Based on Image-Model-Oriented CNN Exploiting LSTM 利用LSTM的面向图像模型的CNN天线建模

IF 1.1 4区计算机科学

Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation Pub Date : 2025-05-04 DOI: 10.1049/mia2.70021

Yubo Tian, Zhiwei Zhu, Jinlong Sun

{"title":"Antenna Modelling Based on Image-Model-Oriented CNN Exploiting LSTM","authors":"Yubo Tian, Zhiwei Zhu, Jinlong Sun","doi":"10.1049/mia2.70021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/mia2.70021","url":null,"abstract":"To address the time-consuming and computationally intensive challenges associated with antenna performance analysis using full-wave electromagnetic simulation software combined with global optimisation methods, this study proposes an efficient strategy based on deep learning, applied to high-precision antenna modelling. Considering the excellent performance of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) in pattern recognition and the high efficiency of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) structures of Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) in handling sequential data, this paper combines CNN and LSTM structures to form a hybrid CNN-LSTM network. Furthermore, to enhance network performance and leverage the characteristic of CNNs in extracting image features within the receptive field by mimicking the biological visual cortex, the antenna to be modelled is constructed as a two-dimensional image. Thus, an Image-Model-CNN-LSTM hybrid network is proposed. This study employs two different antenna models to validate the generalisation capability of the proposed approach. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed network exhibits significant advantages in terms of prediction accuracy and model fitting. Compared to the CNN-LSTM network, the proposed Image-Model-CNN-LSTM network applied to different antenna configurations achieves a reduction in Mean Squared Error (MSE) by 51.5% and 40.9%, respectively, while improving model fitting R2 by 5.6% and 4.0%.","PeriodicalId":13374,"journal":{"name":"Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/mia2.70021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143904884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Synthesis of Large Ultra-Wideband Rotationally Symmetric Sparse Circular Arrays 大型超宽带旋转对称稀疏圆形阵列的合成

IF 1.1 4区计算机科学

Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation Pub Date : 2025-04-28 DOI: 10.1049/mia2.70010

Hao Wen, Peng-Fei Gu, Shu-Yi Chen, Zhen-Hong Fan, Da-Zhi Ding

{"title":"Synthesis of Large Ultra-Wideband Rotationally Symmetric Sparse Circular Arrays","authors":"Hao Wen, Peng-Fei Gu, Shu-Yi Chen, Zhen-Hong Fan, Da-Zhi Ding","doi":"10.1049/mia2.70010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/mia2.70010","url":null,"abstract":"The paper introduces an effective method for synthesising large wideband rotationally symmetric sparse circular arrays. Initially, the approach involves incorporating several concentric auxiliary rings within the circular aperture comprised of rotationally symmetrical folds. The array elements are then distributed solely over these rings, thereby avoiding ineffective optimisation within each fold. Furthermore, an initial spacing is established and extended along the concentric rings to quickly establish the initial distribution of the uniform array. Subsequently, the optimisation process involves refining the element positions and numbers by imposing various constraints on factors such as the spacing increment between adjacent rings, the polar angle between adjacent elements on each ring, and the initial polar angle among adjacent elements, which significantly enhances optimisation efficiency. By utilising the peak sidelobe level in wide-angle scanning as the fitness function, the synthesis problem is transformed into an optimisation conundrum, which is addressed using the covariance matrix adaptation evolutionary strategy (CMA-ES). Finally, a series of numerical examples is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and benefits of the proposed synthesis method.","PeriodicalId":13374,"journal":{"name":"Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/mia2.70010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143884229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0