Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation最新文献

The Large Gap E-Plane Omori Circulator: First and Second Circulation Conditions 大间隙e平面Omori环行器：一、二次循环条件

IF 1.1 4区计算机科学

Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1049/mia2.70026

Joseph Helszajn, Louis-Philippe Carignan, Mark McKay, Bill Tsounis, Ke Wu

引用次数: 0

Fully Controllable Beam-Steering 1-THz Transmitarray Using Graphene–Metal Hybrid Metasurface 基于石墨烯-金属混合超表面的完全可控波束导向1太赫兹发射阵列

IF 1.1 4区计算机科学

Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1049/mia2.70025

P. Hosseini, H. Oraizi

{"title":"Fully Controllable Beam-Steering 1-THz Transmitarray Using Graphene–Metal Hybrid Metasurface","authors":"P. Hosseini, H. Oraizi","doi":"10.1049/mia2.70025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/mia2.70025","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a 1-THz graphene–metal-hybrid transmissive metasurface is proposed, which consists of six layers. By applying a dc biasing voltage, over a <math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mn>360</mn>\u0000 <mo>°</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $360{}^{circ}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>-phase variation of the transmitted wave is obtained. Also a transmitarray for steering a pencil-beam in the 3D direction is designed using the proposed unit cell. Using the patch type structure in the transmitarray design has less surface wave and edge diffraction, in comparison with slot type transmitarray design, which leads to lower side lobe level and a wider steering angular rang. The obtained maximum gain is 23.5 dB. The designed beam steering is in <math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>θ</mi>\u0000 <mo>=</mo>\u0000 <mn>0</mn>\u0000 <mo>°</mo>\u0000 <mo>−</mo>\u0000 <mn>45</mn>\u0000 <mo>°</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $theta =0{}^{circ}-45{}^{circ}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> and <math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>ϕ</mi>\u0000 <mo>=</mo>\u0000 <mn>0</mn>\u0000 <mo>°</mo>\u0000 <mo>−</mo>\u0000 <mn>360</mn>\u0000 <mo>°</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $phi =0{}^{circ}-360{}^{circ}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>.","PeriodicalId":13374,"journal":{"name":"Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/mia2.70025","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144074363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Waveform and Weight Vector Design for Anti-Reconnaissance Based on FDA 基于FDA的反侦察波形和权向量设计

IF 1.1 4区计算机科学

Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation Pub Date : 2025-05-07 DOI: 10.1049/mia2.70015

Mingjie Liu, Chunyang Wang, Lei Bao, Jian Gong, Ming Tan, Changlin Zhou

{"title":"Waveform and Weight Vector Design for Anti-Reconnaissance Based on FDA","authors":"Mingjie Liu, Chunyang Wang, Lei Bao, Jian Gong, Ming Tan, Changlin Zhou","doi":"10.1049/mia2.70015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/mia2.70015","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes an anti-reconnaissance waveform and weight vector design method for frequency diverse array (FDA). According to the spatial spectrum estimation, the direction of arrival (DOA) mean square error (MSE) model is built based on the waveform and weight vector. The authors analyse the anti-reconnaissance capability of phased array (PA), Multiple-input Multiple-output (MIMO), and FDA. Moreover, the waveform and weight vector of the FDA can be designed to affect the estimation of the reconnaissance aircraft DOA. Then, reconnaissance aircraft DOA estimation MSE and radar DOA estimation MSE are combined to form an optimisation problem. The waveform and weight vector joint design method is proposed. The authors decompose the multivariate non-convex optimisation problem into waveform and weight vector optimisation subproblems. The theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed method can affect reconnaissance aircraft estimation compared to other radars and methods. The radar DOA estimation performance can also be maintained well.","PeriodicalId":13374,"journal":{"name":"Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/mia2.70015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fundamental and Harmonic Beamforming of Desire Time-Modulated Planar Arrays With Deep Learning 基于深度学习的期望时调制平面阵列基频和谐波波束形成

IF 1.1 4区计算机科学

Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation Pub Date : 2025-05-07 DOI: 10.1049/mia2.70018

Mohammad Mashayekhi, Hossein Soleimani

{"title":"Fundamental and Harmonic Beamforming of Desire Time-Modulated Planar Arrays With Deep Learning","authors":"Mohammad Mashayekhi, Hossein Soleimani","doi":"10.1049/mia2.70018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/mia2.70018","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, there has been a significant surge in the utilisation of deep learning and machine learning techniques for addressing complex and time-intensive problems. The significance of employing deep learning becomes increasingly evident as the complexity of the problem increases. In the field of electromagnetics, the utilisation of deep learning techniques has exhibited exceptional efficacy across many applications, especially in wireless communications. In wireless communications, providing a structure that can simultaneously generate multiple beams and beamform them involves complexity and specific constraints. In this article, the time modulation technique is utilised to generate harmonics in the sidebands alongside the fundamental beam in various planar antenna arrays. By demonstrating the nonlinear shaping of the harmonic beams relative to each other, a novel approach is proposed that leverages deep learning techniques for the beamforming of both the fundamental beam and harmonic beams. In this regard, two models are proposed: a deep neural network (DNN) and a convolutional neural network (CNN). The input of CNN is comprised of two-dimensional patterns of the main beam and harmonics. The input to DNN, on the other hand, includes useful details about the main beam and harmonics, such as their scanning angles, side lobe levels and directivities. The output of the models consists of the time modulation parameters of the array elements, including the pulse width and the pulse delay. The results demonstrate that DNN has achieved better accuracy and a shorter processing time in comprehending the relationship between the time modulation of array elements with different array dimensions and the radiation pattern of the fundamental beam and harmonic beams. Additionally, several samples are presented to evaluate the proposed model. The results demonstrate a high level of accuracy in fundamental beamforming, as well as in harmonic beamforming and beam steering.","PeriodicalId":13374,"journal":{"name":"Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/mia2.70018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Antenna Modelling Based on Image-Model-Oriented CNN Exploiting LSTM 利用LSTM的面向图像模型的CNN天线建模

IF 1.1 4区计算机科学

Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation Pub Date : 2025-05-04 DOI: 10.1049/mia2.70021

Yubo Tian, Zhiwei Zhu, Jinlong Sun

{"title":"Antenna Modelling Based on Image-Model-Oriented CNN Exploiting LSTM","authors":"Yubo Tian, Zhiwei Zhu, Jinlong Sun","doi":"10.1049/mia2.70021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/mia2.70021","url":null,"abstract":"To address the time-consuming and computationally intensive challenges associated with antenna performance analysis using full-wave electromagnetic simulation software combined with global optimisation methods, this study proposes an efficient strategy based on deep learning, applied to high-precision antenna modelling. Considering the excellent performance of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) in pattern recognition and the high efficiency of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) structures of Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) in handling sequential data, this paper combines CNN and LSTM structures to form a hybrid CNN-LSTM network. Furthermore, to enhance network performance and leverage the characteristic of CNNs in extracting image features within the receptive field by mimicking the biological visual cortex, the antenna to be modelled is constructed as a two-dimensional image. Thus, an Image-Model-CNN-LSTM hybrid network is proposed. This study employs two different antenna models to validate the generalisation capability of the proposed approach. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed network exhibits significant advantages in terms of prediction accuracy and model fitting. Compared to the CNN-LSTM network, the proposed Image-Model-CNN-LSTM network applied to different antenna configurations achieves a reduction in Mean Squared Error (MSE) by 51.5% and 40.9%, respectively, while improving model fitting R2 by 5.6% and 4.0%.","PeriodicalId":13374,"journal":{"name":"Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/mia2.70021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143904884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Synthesis of Large Ultra-Wideband Rotationally Symmetric Sparse Circular Arrays 大型超宽带旋转对称稀疏圆形阵列的合成

IF 1.1 4区计算机科学

Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation Pub Date : 2025-04-28 DOI: 10.1049/mia2.70010

Hao Wen, Peng-Fei Gu, Shu-Yi Chen, Zhen-Hong Fan, Da-Zhi Ding

{"title":"Synthesis of Large Ultra-Wideband Rotationally Symmetric Sparse Circular Arrays","authors":"Hao Wen, Peng-Fei Gu, Shu-Yi Chen, Zhen-Hong Fan, Da-Zhi Ding","doi":"10.1049/mia2.70010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/mia2.70010","url":null,"abstract":"The paper introduces an effective method for synthesising large wideband rotationally symmetric sparse circular arrays. Initially, the approach involves incorporating several concentric auxiliary rings within the circular aperture comprised of rotationally symmetrical folds. The array elements are then distributed solely over these rings, thereby avoiding ineffective optimisation within each fold. Furthermore, an initial spacing is established and extended along the concentric rings to quickly establish the initial distribution of the uniform array. Subsequently, the optimisation process involves refining the element positions and numbers by imposing various constraints on factors such as the spacing increment between adjacent rings, the polar angle between adjacent elements on each ring, and the initial polar angle among adjacent elements, which significantly enhances optimisation efficiency. By utilising the peak sidelobe level in wide-angle scanning as the fitness function, the synthesis problem is transformed into an optimisation conundrum, which is addressed using the covariance matrix adaptation evolutionary strategy (CMA-ES). Finally, a series of numerical examples is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and benefits of the proposed synthesis method.","PeriodicalId":13374,"journal":{"name":"Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/mia2.70010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143884229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cross-Polarisation Suppression in Self-Diplexing Antennas 自双工天线中的交叉极化抑制

IF 1.1 4区计算机科学

Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation Pub Date : 2025-04-26 DOI: 10.1049/mia2.70020

Yitong Yao, Gang Dong

引用次数: 0

Compact Planar Zero-Ground-Clearance End-Fire CP Antenna With Integrated Slow-Wave Structure for Mobile Terminal Applications 用于移动终端的集成慢波结构的紧凑平面零离地间隙端射CP天线

IF 1.1 4区计算机科学

Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation Pub Date : 2025-04-24 DOI: 10.1049/mia2.70014

Huacheng Li, Wei Lin, Chow-Yen-Desmond Sim

{"title":"Compact Planar Zero-Ground-Clearance End-Fire CP Antenna With Integrated Slow-Wave Structure for Mobile Terminal Applications","authors":"Huacheng Li, Wei Lin, Chow-Yen-Desmond Sim","doi":"10.1049/mia2.70014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/mia2.70014","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces a novel compact planar end-fire antenna system featuring circularly polarised (CP) radiation and zero ground clearance. The system is constructed using a half-wavelength TE0.5,0 mode open waveguide, which inherently generates vertically polarised electric components. By incorporating a slow-wave (SW) structure in the form of metallised blind via holes within the waveguide, a significant SW effect is achieved, resulting in a 40% reduction in the waveguide longitudinal size compared to the conventional counterpart design. Furthermore, by etching an open-ended slot in the top metallic surface of the waveguide, the edges of its aperture are enabled to generate an electric dipole mode. In this way, the horizontally polarised electric components can be achieved without increasing the antenna's footprint. With the proper combination, the design can effectively achieve the required 90°-phase difference in the end-fire direction for these two components. Finally, a 2.5 GHz antenna was designed and optimised. Aiming to mimic the practical environment of mobile terminal devices, a large metallic ground was adopted under the antenna in the simulation and experiment. The measured results indicated that an overlapped impedance |S11| < −10 and axial ratio (AR < 3) bandwidth of 2.7% from 2.495 to 2.562 GHz is achieved. The proposed antenna shows great potential in wireless communication applications for mobile terminal devices.","PeriodicalId":13374,"journal":{"name":"Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/mia2.70014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143871687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Three-Way Wideband Filtering Power Dividers With Enhanced Power Dividing Ratio and High Isolation 具有增强的功率分频比和高隔离的三路宽带滤波功率分频器

IF 1.1 4区计算机科学

Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation Pub Date : 2025-04-21 DOI: 10.1049/mia2.70023

Tai-lai Zhang, Lei Liu, Yu Zuo, Zheng-bin Wang

引用次数: 0

Impact of Fuzz Button Degradation on AM and PRBS Signal Transmission 模糊按钮退化对AM和PRBS信号传输的影响

IF 1.1 4区计算机科学

Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation Pub Date : 2025-04-19 DOI: 10.1049/mia2.70022

Wenjia Wang, Jinchun Gao, Paolo Manfredi, Igor S. Stievano

{"title":"Impact of Fuzz Button Degradation on AM and PRBS Signal Transmission","authors":"Wenjia Wang, Jinchun Gao, Paolo Manfredi, Igor S. Stievano","doi":"10.1049/mia2.70022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/mia2.70022","url":null,"abstract":"As elastic electrical connectors, fuzz buttons provide a vertical and solderless electrical interconnection in microwave modules to enhance the integration. However, prolonged use in harsh environments poses a risk of potential failure in electronic components, potentially compromising communication system reliability. This work studies the impact of fuzz button degradation in harsh environments on analog modulation (AM) and pseudo random binary sequence (PRBS) signal transmission using theoretical analysis and experimental testing. Accelerated tests are designed to obtain the fuzz button samples with different degradation levels. The surface morphology observation and elemental analysis are conducted to analyse the degradation mechanism. In addition, a transmission channel with fuzz button interconnections is designed and the corresponding equivalent circuit model is developed. Based on the proposed circuit model, the effects of fuzz button degradation on the integrity of both AM signal and PRBS signal are investigated by analysing the metrics such as waveform, eye diagram and bit error rate (BER) of the output signal. In addition, the effects of the carrier frequency of AM signals, and the transmission rate of the PRBS signals on signal transmission are also investigated. The simulation results of the circuit model show good agreements with experimental tests. The research results provide a better understanding regarding the potentially corrosive effects of harsh environments on fuzz button connectors and the negative effects on the signal integrity. Moreover, the research results provide comprehensive data support for identifying key features that are used for the development of machine learning models for fault diagnosis and localisation in radio frequency (RF) circuits with fuzz button interconnections.","PeriodicalId":13374,"journal":{"name":"Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/mia2.70022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143850991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0