{"title":"Frequency and polarisation selective surface for sub-millimetre wave atmospheric remote sensing","authors":"Zhaoran Chen, Yuying Li, Kaiyan Huang, Guozhong Zhao, Jinshan Deng, Zezhong Wang, Junjie Hu, Xiayuan Yao","doi":"10.1049/mia2.12427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/mia2.12427","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A novel Frequency and Polarisation Selective Surface (FPSS) is proposed, which separates two adjacent bands with a narrow transition zone by the staggered separation scheme and is suitable for atmospheric remote sensing. The traditional FSS is transparent in a particular frequency band for both the TE and TM polarisations, while it is opaque in another band for both orthogonal polarisations. The FPSS is introduced in a new splitting scheme that operates above 300 GHz. The channel 420–430 GHz of the TE polarisation and the channel 360–400 GHz of the TM polarisation transmit in the FPSS. In contrast, the band 360–400 GHz of the TE polarisation and the channel 420–430 GHz of the TM polarisation are reflected. The water vapour and the oxygen profiles are detected by the 380 GHz band and the 425 GHz band, respectively. The insertion loss is lower than 1 dB, and the reflection band rejection is superior to 10 dB in the experiment, which determine the sensitivities of the bright temperature by 1.5 (RMS K). The scattered wave of the FPSS is calculated through the far field pattern, the maximum of which is about 5%. The side effect of the scattered wave is able to be ignored in the optical path.</p>","PeriodicalId":13374,"journal":{"name":"Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation","volume":"17 14","pages":"1062-1072"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/mia2.12427","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"109168047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Generalisable convolutional neural network model for radio wave propagation in tunnels","authors":"Siyi Huang, Shiqi Wang, Xingqi Zhang","doi":"10.1049/mia2.12412","DOIUrl":"10.1049/mia2.12412","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Propagation models are essential for the prediction of received signal strength and the planning of wireless systems in a given environment. The vector parabolic equation (VPE) method has been widely applied to the modelling of radio wave propagation in tunnels. However, carrying out simulations for large-scale environments is still computationally expensive. A convolutional neural network (CNN)-based propagation model, which can provide high-fidelity received signal strength prediction based on results from low-cost VPE simulations, is proposed. A thorough study of the generalisability, including both interpolation and extrapolation capabilities, of the proposed CNN model is conducted. It is found that the proposed model can achieve significant computational savings while maintaining acceptable accuracy, and its performance is validated in both simulations and actual tunnel cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":13374,"journal":{"name":"Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation","volume":"18 7","pages":"467-479"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/mia2.12412","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136212523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Low power and low phase noise complementary voltage controlled oscillator optimised by a meta-heuristic algorithm","authors":"Mohammad Jafar Hemmati, Sepehr Ebrahimi Mood","doi":"10.1049/mia2.12424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/mia2.12424","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper presents a differential complementary metal oxide semiconductor inductor-capacitor voltage controlled oscillator (LC-VCO). The VCO is adopted from the gate-to-source capacitor feedback Colpitts VCO which has the advantage of large value of negative conductance. Due to the large negative conductance, the VCO has a more reliable startup oscillation at the lower currents. The main characteristics of the VCO such as negative conductance, oscillation frequency and phase noise are discussed and analysed. The value of parameters in this circuit have been determined using Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) to have the optimum performance. The designed VCO oscillates at 2.76 GHz under a supply voltage of 1.4 V. Power dissipation of the proposed VCO is 873 μW which is significantly lower than that of some other VCOs. The post-layout simulation results of the proposed VCO are presented and compared with the performance of some other VCOs.</p>","PeriodicalId":13374,"journal":{"name":"Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation","volume":"17 14","pages":"1073-1081"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/mia2.12424","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"109167640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Novel antenna array configuration using miniature double box branch-line couplers for wideband circularly polarised applications","authors":"Bal S. Virdee, Tohid Aribi, Tohid Sedghi","doi":"10.1049/mia2.12388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/mia2.12388","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article presents a wideband circularly polarised (CP) antenna array using a miniaturised double box branch-line coupler. This was achieved by creating a slow wave structure by introducing open-circuit stubs on the inside arms of the branch-line coupler. The 2 × 2 antenna array is made of four CP slot radiating elements excited through 1 × 4 feeding network. Moreover, sequentially rotation method is used to increase the axial-ratio (AR) bandwidth of the array. The CP slot radiating element is fed by coplanar waveguide. The feedline of the horn-shaped radiator includes a circular matching stub. Ground connected asymmetric T-shaped stub, a pair of grounded L-shaped square strips, and single strip line are shown to induce CP and enhance the antenna's 3 dB impedance bandwidth and AR performance. The antenna constituting the array has impedance bandwidth of 2.45 GHz from 4.8 to 7.25 GHz that corresponds to a fractional bandwidth of 40%, and its 3 dB AR extends between 4.8 and 6.25 GHz. Compared to a conventional double-box branch-line coupler the size of the proposed coupler is reduced by 35% by increasing the capacitance of the coupler's arms. This also is shown to increase the impedance bandwidth of the coupler. A 2 × 2 array was fabricated, and its performance verified. Measured results confirm the proposed antenna array exhibits CP covering the bands of WiMAX IEEE 802.16, C-band and ITU-R F386.9. The measured 3 dB AR bandwidth of the antenna array extend from 3 to 7.3 GHz and its impedance bandwidth extends from 3.2 to 9.0 GHz. The antenna array radiates with a peak gain of 11.5 dBic.</p>","PeriodicalId":13374,"journal":{"name":"Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation","volume":"17 14","pages":"1023-1032"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/mia2.12388","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"109162399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wen-Liang Zhou, Shi-Wei Qu, Mingyao Xia, Shiwen Yang
{"title":"2–18 GHz dual-polarised tightly coupled dipole array with ±75° scanning range","authors":"Wen-Liang Zhou, Shi-Wei Qu, Mingyao Xia, Shiwen Yang","doi":"10.1049/mia2.12411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/mia2.12411","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The authors proposed an ultrawideband (UWB) dual-polarised tightly coupled dipole array (TCDA). A split X-shaped resistive frequency selective surface (FSS) is utilised, which can get more admirable impedance matching. The proposed antenna can achieve active voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) below 2.9 when scanning up to ±75° and ±60° in the E and H planes from 2 to 18 GHz, respectively. Furthermore, two rectangular patches served as directors are designed, which can provide stronger forward radiation to reduce the loss of resistive FSS for radiation efficiency. As a result, the average radiation efficiency is above 84% and the lowest radiation efficiency is 70%. Moreover, the overall antenna profile is 15 mm (0.1λ at the largest working wavelength). To validate the design method, a 16 × 16 array prototype is fabricated and measured. Good agreement is achieved between the simulations and measurements.</p>","PeriodicalId":13374,"journal":{"name":"Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation","volume":"17 14","pages":"1033-1041"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/mia2.12411","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"109162400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lihong Wang, Jingya Yang, Chunhua Zhu, Dongsheng Zhang, Dan Fei, Yi Wang, Zhenghui Li
{"title":"Channel measurement and characterisation for 5G multi-scenarios at 26 and 38 GHz","authors":"Lihong Wang, Jingya Yang, Chunhua Zhu, Dongsheng Zhang, Dan Fei, Yi Wang, Zhenghui Li","doi":"10.1049/mia2.12421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/mia2.12421","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Millimetre-wave (mmWave) frequencies play a vital role in fifth-generation (5G) wireless systems and beyond due to the vast available bandwidth of several GHz. This paper presents channel characteristics and their channel models for mmWave based on extensive channel measurements at 26 and 38 GHz conducted in 5G scenarios, such as the rooftop, the high-speed railway, and the Industrial Internet of Things scenarios. The channel sounder receiver (Rx) uses an omnidirectional or phased array antenna to meet the requirements of channel measurement, such as recording absolute delay and obtaining 3-dimensional angular information. We use the classical close-in model and floating-intercept model to model path loss. Meanwhile, channel statistics in the delay domain are derived from the measured power delay profiles. Note that the different scenarios are measured with the same channel sounder, making the measurement results of different scenarios comparable. It is shown that the shadow fading parameter <i>σ</i> is 0.7 dB as fewer large scatterers exist in the rooftop scenario. Moreover, due to the significant dependence of delay spread on the geometric relationship between the transmitter (Tx), Rx, and surrounding environment, the statistical data in the delay domain varies significantly in different scenarios. The channel characteristics and models will guide future air-interface, beamforming, and transceiver designs for 5G and beyond.</p>","PeriodicalId":13374,"journal":{"name":"Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation","volume":"17 14","pages":"1042-1055"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/mia2.12421","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"109175265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A wideband and high-gain switched-beam antenna system using active frequency selective surface","authors":"Zhenzhen Chen, Huimin Qiao, Qiang Chen, Xing Chen","doi":"10.1049/mia2.12423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/mia2.12423","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Antennas using the active frequency selective surface (AFSS) can achieve fast beam-scanning ability at a low cost. In this study, a switched beam antenna with a high gain and 360° coverage in the horizontal plane is proposed. Twelve columns of AFSS form a cylindrical cavity and are transmissive or reflective to the incident electromagnetic waves under the control of PIN diodes. Benefiting from a coaxial continuous transverse stub array placed at the cavity centre and using 4 units to generate a high gain omnidirectional radiation, the proposed antenna can realise a highly directive switched beam. An antenna prototype is designed, fabricated and measured. Results show that it achieves a |S<sub>11</sub>| < −10 dB bandwidth of 12.9% and is able to sweep its beam around the azimuth plane with a high gain up to 13.6 dBi at 5.8 GHz working frequency.</p>","PeriodicalId":13374,"journal":{"name":"Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation","volume":"17 14","pages":"1056-1061"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/mia2.12423","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"109174415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A CPW-fed fractal monopole antenna with a reduced ground plane in frequency range of 500 MHz-5.5 GHz","authors":"Shima Amirinalloo, Zahra Atlasbaf","doi":"10.1049/mia2.12418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/mia2.12418","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this article, the authors propose a super wide band CPW-fed fractal monopole antenna suitable for phased array antennas with a shaped beam radiation pattern, operating in the frequency ranges below and above 1 GHz at the same time. The antenna has an octagonal radiator with fractals of the same shape added to its edges and sides. Also, the symmetrical elliptical ground planes have reduced the antenna size and, consequently, the mutual coupling in the antenna array. Despite the super-wide frequency range, the antenna's radiation pattern is relatively steady in the E-plane, and the negligible ripple on the radiation pattern makes it suitable for shaped beam radiation patterns in phased array design. The single-element antenna with an overall size of 0.24<i>λ</i> × 0.38<i>λ</i> at 500 MHz is printed on an FR-4 substrate. The outcomes of the simulation and measurement are well agreed in the frequency band of [500 MHz to 5.5 GHz] with an impedance bandwidth (|S11|< −10dB) of 166.67% and VSWR< 2. Also, the fidelity factor of the antenna is studied to investigate the SWB performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":13374,"journal":{"name":"Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation","volume":"17 13","pages":"1006-1014"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/mia2.12418","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50145256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development in ambient backscatter communications","authors":"Shujuan Chang, Yuan Ding","doi":"10.1049/mia2.12419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/mia2.12419","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Backscatter communication (BackCom), the underlying technology for modern-day Radio Frequency Identification, has been studied as a promising solution for future ultra-low power Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications. Its development has pushed the performance boundaries significantly, in terms of communication distance, data transmission rate, and power consumption. An up-to-date review of one branch of BackCom systems, namely Ambient BackCom, which utilises the already available ambient signals, instead of a dedicated radio frequency carrier in most of the BackCom works, to establish BackCom links is conducted. This further reduces the cost and complexity of the system and opens an opportunity for mass deployment.</p>","PeriodicalId":13374,"journal":{"name":"Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation","volume":"17 13","pages":"963-973"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/mia2.12419","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50141187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A two-dimensional beam steering Fabry–Pérot antenna employing a liquid-based reconfigurable metasurface","authors":"Wei Chen, Zhiming Liu, Huilin Zhou, Jens Bornemann, Yuhao Wang, Fei Wang","doi":"10.1049/mia2.12420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/mia2.12420","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A novel 2-D beam steering technology using a Fabry–Pérot antenna with a liquid-based reconfigurable metasurface is presented. The antenna employs a reconfigurable partially reflecting surface to regulate phase distribution and adopts a microstrip antenna as feed to realise 2-D beam steering. The antenna beam can be tilted in four different directions by injecting liquid metal into the specific area of the microfluidic channels embedded in the metasurface. Moreover, the antenna has a simple and compact structure with a low profile. A prototype is manufactured, and good agreement between simulated and experimental results verifies the correctness of the design. The measured results of the manufactured antenna prototype demonstrate that the main beam tilts to maximum values of ±15° and ±28° in the <i>yoz</i> and <i>xoz</i> planes, respectively, between 9.5 and 9.7 GHz.</p>","PeriodicalId":13374,"journal":{"name":"Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation","volume":"17 13","pages":"999-1005"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/mia2.12420","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50153184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}