IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control最新文献

{"title":"Cryogenic Characterization of Low-Loss Thin-Film Lithium Niobate on Sapphire Shear Horizontal Surface Acoustic Wave Devices","authors":"Zhi-Qiang Lee;Jyothish Raj;Kongbrailatpam Sandeep Sharma;Gayathri Pillai;Ming-Huang Li","doi":"10.1109/TUFFC.2024.3504285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TUFFC.2024.3504285","url":null,"abstract":"This article reports a cryogenic study on wideband shear horizontal surface acoustic wave (SH-SAW) devices based on an emerging Y-cut <inline-formula> <tex-math>$mathrm{LiNbO}_3 / mathrm{SiO}_2 /$ </tex-math></inline-formula> sapphire lithium niobate on sapphire (LNOS) platform. To perform a comprehensive study, low-loss acoustic delay lines (ADLs) equipped with unidirectional transducers were designed with a wavelength (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$lambda$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$4 mu mathrm{~m}(900 mathrm{MHz}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and a wide fractional bandwidth (FBW) of around <inline-formula> <tex-math>$7 %$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, featuring various physical delays ranging from <inline-formula> <tex-math>$5 lambda$ </tex-math></inline-formula> to <inline-formula> <tex-math>$200 lambda$ </tex-math></inline-formula> as testing structures. By cooling the temperature down to 5 K, the insertion loss (IL) of the longest ADL and the extracted propagation loss (PL) were characterized as <inline-formula> <tex-math>$4.1 mathrm{~dB} / mathrm{mm}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math>$3.5 mathrm{~dB} / mathrm{mm}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, respectively. Compared with an IL of 5.78 dB and a PL of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$4.37 mathrm{~dB} / mathrm{mm}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at 275 K, the temperature-dependent acoustic losses diminish at low temperatures, with the overall PL dominated by the acoustic waveguide formed by the acoustic velocity mismatch between layers. Furthermore, a one-port resonator <inline-formula> <tex-math>$(lambda=2.8 mu mathrm{~m})$ </tex-math></inline-formula> with a large perceived effective electromechanical coupling greater than <inline-formula> <tex-math>$40 %$ </tex-math></inline-formula> was also characterized using the same technique, showing a <inline-formula> <tex-math>$2 x$ </tex-math></inline-formula> boost in the maximum Bode- <inline-formula> <tex-math>$Q$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at cryogenic temperatures. This study not only characterized the acoustic properties of wideband LNOS SH-SAW devices but also validated their excellent performance across a wide temperature range, suggesting their potential applications in cryogenic phononic circuits.","PeriodicalId":13322,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control","volume":"72 1","pages":"55-63"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143107107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of Experimental Methods for Characterizing Ferroelectric Domain Dynamics in Relaxor-PbTiO3 Single Crystals","authors":"Jeong-Woo Sun;Zhengze Xu;Sang-Goo Lee;Wook Jo;Xiaoning Jiang;Jong Eun Ryu","doi":"10.1109/TUFFC.2024.3497662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TUFFC.2024.3497662","url":null,"abstract":"Relaxor-based ferroelectric single crystals possess colossal piezoelectric and dielectric properties and have been attractive for a wide range of electromechanical applications including transducers, sensors, and actuators. However, domain dynamics of relaxor ferroelectric single crystals are still not fully understood despite significant progress in the last three decades, partly because of the combined relaxor and normal ferroelectrics with complex domain structures within the material. Without a comprehensive understanding of domain dynamics, rational domain engineering for high piezoelectricity is challenging. In this review, we review experimental methods for characterizing domain dynamics in nanoscale and bulk mesoscale that exhibit both intrinsic and extrinsic contributions. We focus on literature published since 2010 and critically evaluate their strengths and limitations. From an overview of recent understanding, we highlight the need for real-time observations at appropriate time and length scales and cross-validation of different methods for precise measurements of domain dynamics.","PeriodicalId":13322,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control","volume":"72 1","pages":"2-19"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143107103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TinyProbe: A Wearable 32-Channel Multimodal Wireless Ultrasound Probe","authors":"Sergei Vostrikov;Josquin Tille;Luca Benini;Andrea Cossettini","doi":"10.1109/TUFFC.2024.3496474","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TUFFC.2024.3496474","url":null,"abstract":"The need for continuous monitoring of cardiorespiratory activity, blood pressure, bladder, muscle motion analysis, and more is pushing for research and development of wearable ultrasound (US) devices. In this context, there is a critical need for highly configurable, energy-efficient wearable US systems with wireless access to raw data and long battery life. Previous exploratory works have primarily relied on bulky commercial research systems or custom-built prototypes with limited and narrowly focused field applicability. This article presents TinyProbe, a novel multimodal wearable US platform. TinyProbe integrates a 32-channel US receive (RX)/transmit (TX) front-end, including TX beamforming (<inline-formula> <tex-math>${64};{V}_{textit {pp}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> excitations, 16 delay profiles) and analog-to-digital conversion (up to 30 Ms/s, 10 bit), with a Wi-Fi link (21.6 Mb/s, UDP), for wireless raw data access, all in a compact (<inline-formula> <tex-math>${57} times {35} times 20$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm) and lightweight (35 g) design. Using advanced power-saving techniques and optimized electronics design, TinyProbe achieves a power consumption of <1 W for imaging modes (32 ch., 33 Hz) and <1.3 W for high-PRF Doppler mode (2 ch., 1400 Hz). This results in a state-of-the-art power efficiency of 44.9 mW/Mb/s for wireless US systems, ensuring multihour operation with a compact 500 mAh Li-Po battery. We validate TinyProbe as a versatile, general-purpose wearable platform in multiple in vivo imaging scenarios, including muscle and bladder imaging, and blood flow velocity measurements.","PeriodicalId":13322,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control","volume":"72 1","pages":"64-76"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142619305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LSMD: Long-Short Memory-Based Detection Network for Carotid Artery Detection in B-Mode Ultrasound Video Streams","authors":"Chunjie Shan;Yidan Zhang;Chunrui Liu;Zhibin Jin;Hanlin Cheng;Yidi Chen;Jing Yao;Shouhua Luo","doi":"10.1109/TUFFC.2024.3494019","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TUFFC.2024.3494019","url":null,"abstract":"Carotid atherosclerotic plaques are a major complication associated with type II diabetes, and carotid ultrasound is commonly used for diagnosing carotid vascular disease. In primary hospitals, less experienced ultrasound physicians often struggle to consistently capture standard carotid images and identify plaques. To address this issue, we propose a novel approach, the long-short memory-based detection (LSMD) network, for carotid artery detection in ultrasound video streams, facilitating the identification and localization of critical anatomical structures and plaques. This approach models short- and long-distance spatiotemporal features through short-term temporal aggregation (STA) and long-term temporal aggregation (LTA) modules, effectively expanding the temporal receptive field with minimal delay and enhancing the detection efficiency of carotid anatomy and plaques. Specifically, we introduce memory buffers with a dynamic updating strategy to ensure extensive temporal receptive field coverage while minimizing memory and computation costs. The proposed model was trained on 80 carotid ultrasound videos and evaluated on 50, with all videos annotated by physicians for carotid anatomies and plaques. The trained LSMD was evaluated for performance on the validation and test sets using the single-frame image-based single shot multibox detector (SSD) algorithm as a baseline. The results show that the precision, recall, average precision (AP) at \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$text {IoU}={0.50}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 (\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$text {AP}_{{50}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000), and mean AP (mAP) are 6.83%, 12.29%, 11.23%, and 13.21% higher than the baseline (\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>${p}lt {0.001}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000), respectively, while the model’s inference latency reaches 6.97 ms on a desktop-level GPU (NVIDIA RTX 3090Ti) and 29.69 ms on an edge computing device (Jetson Orin Nano). These findings demonstrate that LSMD can accurately localize carotid anatomy and plaques with real-time inference, indicating its potential for enhancing diagnostic accuracy in clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":13322,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control","volume":"71 11","pages":"1464-1477"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142604212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Phantom-Free Approach for Estimating the Backscatter Coefficient of Aggregated Red Blood Cells Applied to COVID-19 Patients","authors":"François Destrempes;Boris Chayer;Marie-Hélène Roy Cardinal;Louise Allard;Hassan Rivaz;Madeleine Durand;William Beaubien-Souligny;Martin Girard;Guy Cloutier","doi":"10.1109/TUFFC.2024.3493602","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TUFFC.2024.3493602","url":null,"abstract":"The ultrasound backscatter coefficient (BSC) is a frequency-dependent quantity intrinsic to biological tissues that can be recovered from backscattered radio frequency (RF) signals, granted acquisitions on a reference phantom (RP) are available under the same system’s settings. A phantom-free (PF) BSC estimation method is proposed based on Gaussian-shaped approximation of the point spread function (PSF) (electronics and piezoelectric characteristics of the scanner’s probe) and the effective medium theory combined with the structure factor model (EMTSFM), albeit the proposed approach is amenable to other models. Meanwhile, the total attenuation due to intervening tissues is refined from its theoretical value, which is based on reported average behaviors of tissues, while allowing correction for diffraction due to the probe’s geometry. The RP method adapted to a similar approach except for the Gaussian approximation is also presented. The proposed PF and RP methods were compared on ten COVID-19 positive patients and 12 control subjects with measures on femoral veins and arteries. In this context, red blood cells (RBCs) are viewed as scatterers that form aggregates increasing the backscatter under the COVID-19 inflammatory condition. The considered model comprises five parameters, including the mean aggregate size estimated according to the polydispersity of aggregates’ radii, and anisotropy of their shape. The mean aggregate size over the two proposed methods presented an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.964 for consistency. The aggregate size presented a significant difference between the two groups with either two methods, despite the confounding effect of the maximum Doppler velocity within the blood vessel and its diameter.","PeriodicalId":13322,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control","volume":"71 12: Breaking the Resolution Barrier in Ultrasound","pages":"1879-1896"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142604210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Frequency Wearable Ultrasound Array Belt for Small Animal Echocardiography","authors":"Yushun Zeng;Xin Sun;Junhang Zhang;Chi-Feng Chang;Baoqiang Liu;Chen Gong;Jie Ji;Bryan Zhen Zhang;Yujie Wang;Matthew Xinhu Ren;Robert Wodnicki;Hsiao-Chuan Liu;Qifa Zhou","doi":"10.1109/TUFFC.2024.3492197","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TUFFC.2024.3492197","url":null,"abstract":"Wearable ultrasound has been widely developed for long-term, continuous imaging without the need for bulky system manipulation and repeated manual locating. To potentially lead to more accurate and reliable imaging monitoring, this work presents the design, fabrication, and evaluation of a novel high-frequency wearable ultrasound array belt (WUAB) for small animal echocardiography. The fabrication process involved precise dicing technology for a \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$lambda$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000-pitch design. The \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$20-mathrm{MHz}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 WUAB consists of two matching layers, a piezoelectric composite with 128 channels, a customized flexible circuit substrate, an acoustic backing layer, and a customized belt structure with designed end tip and insertion point for wearability. The resulting WUAB demonstrates the sensitivity of \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$-5.69 pm 2.5 mathrm{~dB}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 and the fractional bandwidth (BDW) of \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$57 % pm 5 %$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000. In vivo experiments on rat model showed expected echocardiography and B-mode images of rat heart. These results represent significant promise for future longitudinal studies in small animals and real-time physiological monitoring.","PeriodicalId":13322,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control","volume":"71 12: Breaking the Resolution Barrier in Ultrasound","pages":"1915-1923"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142590767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep Power-Aware Tunable Weighting for Ultrasound Microvascular Imaging","authors":"Hengrong Lan;Lijie Huang;Yadan Wang;Rui Wang;Xingyue Wei;Qiong He;Jianwen Luo","doi":"10.1109/TUFFC.2024.3488729","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TUFFC.2024.3488729","url":null,"abstract":"Ultrasound microvascular imaging (UMI), including ultrafast power Doppler imaging (uPDI) and ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM), obtains blood flow information through plane wave (PW) transmissions at high frame rates. However, low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of PWs causes low image quality. Adaptive beamformers have been proposed to suppress noise energy to achieve higher image quality accompanied by increasing computational complexity. Deep learning (DL) leverages powerful hardware capabilities to enable rapid implementation of noise suppression at the cost of flexibility. To enhance the applicability of DL-based methods, in this work, we propose a deep power-aware tunable (DPT) weighting (i.e., postfilter) for delay-and-sum (DAS) beamforming to improve UMI by enhancing PW images. The model, called Yformer, is a hybrid structure combining convolution and Transformer. With the DAS beamformed and compounded envelope image as input, Yformer can estimate both noise power and signal power. Furthermore, we utilize the obtained powers to compute pixel-wise weights by introducing a tunable noise control factor (NCF), which is tailored for improving the quality of different UMI applications. In vivo experiments on the rat brain demonstrate that Yformer can accurately estimate the powers of noise and signal with the structural similarity index measure (SSIM) higher than 0.95. The performance of the DPT weighting is comparable to that of superior adaptive beamformer in uPDI with low computational cost. The DPT weighting was then applied to four different datasets of ULM, including public simulation, public rat brain, private rat brain, and private rat liver datasets, showing excellent generalizability using the model trained by the private rat brain dataset only. In particular, our method indirectly improves the resolution of liver ULM from 25.24 to \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$18.77~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000m by highlighting small vessels. In addition, the DPT weighting exhibits more details of blood vessels with faster processing, which has the potential to facilitate the clinical applications of high-quality UMI.","PeriodicalId":13322,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control","volume":"71 12: Breaking the Resolution Barrier in Ultrasound","pages":"1701-1713"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142557736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optically Validated Microvascular Phantom for Super-Resolution Ultrasound Imaging","authors":"Jaime Parra Raad;Daniel Lock;Yi-Yi Liu;Mark Solomon;Laura Peralta;Kirsten Christensen-Jeffries","doi":"10.1109/TUFFC.2024.3484770","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TUFFC.2024.3484770","url":null,"abstract":"Super-resolution ultrasound (SRUS) visualizes microvasculature beyond the ultrasound (US) diffraction limit (wavelength(\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$lambda $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000)/2) by localizing and tracking spatially isolated microbubble (MB) contrast agents. SRUS phantoms typically consist of simple tube structures, where diameter channels below \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>${100}~{mu }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000m are not available. Furthermore, these phantoms are generally fragile and unstable, have limited ground truth validation, and their simple structure limits the evaluation of SRUS algorithms. To aid SRUS development, robust and durable phantoms with known and physiologically relevant microvasculature are needed for repeatable SRUS testing. This work proposes a method to fabricate durable microvascular phantoms that allow optical gauging for SRUS validation. The methodology used a microvasculature negative print embedded in a Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to fabricate a microvascular phantom. Branching microvascular phantoms with variable microvascular density were demonstrated with optically validated vessel diameters down to \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>${sim } 60~{mu }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000m (\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$lambda text {/}{5.8}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000; \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>${lambda ={sim }{350}}~{mu }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000m). SRUS imaging was performed and validated with optical measurements. The average SRUS error was \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>${15.61}~{mu }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000m (\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$lambda text {/22}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000) with a standard deviation error of \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>${11.44}~{mu }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000m. The average error decreased to \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>${7.93}~{mu }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000m (\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$lambda text {/44}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000) once the number of localized MBs surpassed 1000 per estimated diameter. In addition, less than 10% variance of acoustic and optical properties and the mechanical toughness of the phantoms measured a year after fabrication demonstrated their long-term durability. This work presents a method to fabricate durable and optically validated complex microvascular phantoms which can be used to quantify SRUS performance and facilitate its further development.","PeriodicalId":13322,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control","volume":"71 12: Breaking the Resolution Barrier in Ultrasound","pages":"1833-1843"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142545196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved Limited-View Ultrasound Tomography via Machine Learning","authors":"Mikolaj Mroszczak;Stefano Mariani;Peter Huthwaite","doi":"10.1109/TUFFC.2024.3486668","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TUFFC.2024.3486668","url":null,"abstract":"Tomographic reconstruction is used extensively in medicine, nondestructive testing (NDT), and geology. In an ideal situation, where measurements are taken at all angles around an object, known as full-view configuration, a full reconstruction of the object can be produced. One of the major issues faced in tomographic imaging is when measurements cannot be taken freely around the object under inspection. This may be caused by the size and geometry of the object or difficulty accessing from particular directions. The resulting limited view (LV) transducer configuration leads to a large deterioration in image quality; thus, it is very beneficial to employ a compensation algorithm. At present, the most effective compensation algorithms require a large amount of computing power or a bespoke case-by-case approach, often with numerous arbitrary constants which must be tuned for a specific application. This work proposes a machine learning (ML)-based approach to perform the LV compensation. The model is based around an autoencoder (AE) architecture. It is trained on an artificial dataset, taking advantage of the ability to generate arbitrary LV images given a full view input. The approach is evaluated on ten laser-scanned corrosion maps and the results compared to positivity regularization-a LV compensation algorithm similar in the speed of execution and generalization potential. The algorithms are compared for root mean squared error (RMSE) across the image and maximum absolute error (MAE). Furthermore, they are visually compared for subjective quality. Compared to the conventional algorithm, the ML-based approach improves on the MAE in eight out of the ten cases. The conventional approach performs better on mean RMSE, which is explained by the ML outputting an inaccurate background level, which is not a critical ability. Most importantly, the visual inspection of outputs shows the ML approach reconstructs the images better, especially in the case of irregular corrosion patches. Compared to LV images, the ML method improves both the RMSE and MAE by 41%.","PeriodicalId":13322,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control","volume":"71 12: Breaking the Resolution Barrier in Ultrasound","pages":"1906-1914"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142499385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Volumetric Ultrasound Localization Microscopy","authors":"Louise Denis;Georges Chabouh;Baptiste Heiles;Olivier Couture","doi":"10.1109/TUFFC.2024.3485556","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TUFFC.2024.3485556","url":null,"abstract":"Super-resolution ultrasound (SRUS) has evolved significantly with the advent of ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM). This technique enables subwavelength resolution imaging using microbubble contrast agents. Initially confined to 2-D imaging, ULM has progressed toward volumetric approaches, allowing for comprehensive 3-D visualization of microvascular networks. This review explores the technological advancements and challenges associated with volumetric ULM, focusing on key aspects such as transducer design, acquisition speed, data processing algorithms, or integration into clinical practice. We discuss the limitations of traditional 2-D ULM, including dependence on precise imaging plane selection and compromised resolution in microvasculature quantification. In contrast, volumetric ULM offers enhanced spatial resolution and allows motion correction in all directions, promising transformative insights into microvascular pathophysiology. By examining current research and future directions, this review highlights the potential of volumetric ULM to contribute significantly to diagnostic across various medical conditions, including cancers, arteriosclerosis, strokes, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases.","PeriodicalId":13322,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control","volume":"71 12: Breaking the Resolution Barrier in Ultrasound","pages":"1643-1656"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142499469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}