Indian Journal of Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Nitrile-Hydrolyzing Haloalkalitolerant Rhodococci of Soda Sludge Storage.","authors":"Yu G Maksimova, G A Syrovatskaya, A Yu Maksimov","doi":"10.1007/s12088-024-01445-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-024-01445-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The goal of the work is to study the growth characteristics, nitrile-hydrolyzing activity and biofilm formation of <i>Rhodococcus</i> <i>qingshengii</i> IEGM 1416 and <i>R.</i> <i>erythropolis</i> IEGM 1417 under the effect of harsh environmental conditions (high mineralization, high pH, and solvents). The haloalkalitolerant nitrile-utilizing <i>R.</i> <i>qingshengii</i> IEGM 1416 and <i>R.</i> <i>erythropolis</i> IEGM 1417 were isolated from an alkaline highly mineralized soda sludge storage, and their ability to accumulate biomass at high salt concentrations and high pH was studied. The effect of pH 10 and 50 g/L NaCl on nitrile-hydrolyzing activity, as well as the ability to grow in the presence of high concentrations of nitriles and other solvents, were studied. <i>R.</i> <i>qingshengii</i> IEGM 1416 was isolated from soda sludge with pH 11. This strain accumulates 2 times more biomass at pH 10 than at pH 8, and its nitrile-hydrolyzing activity is 2.5 times higher at pH 10 than at pH 7 of the reaction medium. Extremely high tolerance of these strains to nitriles was established. <i>R.</i> <i>qingshengii</i> IEGM 1416 and <i>R.</i> <i>erythropolis</i> IEGM 1417 are able to grow at 1.5 M acetonitrile and acrylonitrile, and at 10-80% hexane. Biofilm formation is an adaptive ability of these strains. NaCl (50-200 g/L) in cultivation media and pH 10-12 course to an increase in the <i>R.</i> <i>qingshengii</i> IEGM 1416 biofilm biomass relative to the control (0.5 g/L NaCl, pH 7). Biofilm biomass of <i>R.</i> <i>erythropolis</i> IEGM 1417 increases under 10-200 g/L NaCl and pH 8-12. The biofilm biomass of both strains significantly decreases at 37 °C compared to 30 °C. It has been shown that the extreme habitat of nitrile hydrolyzing bacteria affects their ability to hydrolyze nitriles in a highly mineralized and alkaline environment. Nitrile-hydrolyzing haloalkalitolerant rhodococci are a promising biotechnological object and can be used in the nitrile hydrolysis under high pH and mineralization.</p>","PeriodicalId":13316,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"66 1","pages":"141-149"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12909698/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146219488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization and Partial Characterization of Biopigment Production from Endophytic <i>Mesobacillus subterraneus</i> SGL and Its Antimicrobial Activity.","authors":"Gayathri Devi Kandasamy, Priyanka Ravichandran, Preethi Kathirvel","doi":"10.1007/s12088-025-01498-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-025-01498-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, the multitude of advantages that natural pigments offer over synthetic pigments has opened up intriguing avenues for diverse applications across numerous sectors. Bacteria are a preferable source of biocolorants, as they can produce large amounts in a short time and without seasonal constraints, making them appear safe and biodegradable. Among them, endosymbiotic bacteria that coexist with plants might serve as an alternative source for the synthesis of several unique bioactives with distinctive medicinal properties. In view of this, the primary objective of the current research was directed towards the isolation and identification of seagrass-associated pigmented bacteria, the extraction and characterization of the pigment using Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, followed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, as well as studying the biological characteristics of the pigment. Among 13 distinct bacterial colonies, an orange-red pigment-producing endophyte was identified as <i>Mesobacillus subterraneus</i> SGL, employing morphological features and phylogenetic characterization by 16S rRNA sequencing. After screening appropriate media for pigment production, the physiochemical parameters (temperature, pH, incubation period, inoculum percentage, agitation, nitrogen, and carbon sources) affecting the pigmentation bioprocess were refined through a stepwise optimization approach. The pigment synthesized by the isolate was extracted using methanol, and different spectroscopic analysis revealed that the extracted pigment might be a carotenoid. In vitro bioactivity studies demonstrated that the extracted pigment exhibited 79.36 ± 0.89% of antioxidant potential and displayed a notable antimicrobial effect against the tested pathogens.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12088-025-01498-5.</p>","PeriodicalId":13316,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"66 1","pages":"193-206"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12909680/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146219497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strong Synergistic Antibacterial Effects of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles and Extracts of the Mushroom <i>Lentinus tigrinus</i>.","authors":"Yasaman Yazdi, Mohammad Reza Rezaei, Hamid R Pourianfar","doi":"10.1007/s12088-025-01481-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-025-01481-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The synergistic antibacterial activities of biosynthesized metallic nanoparticles (NPs) and commercial antibiotics are well-known. However, limited data is available regarding the synergy between metallic NPs and bioactive compounds. This study aimed to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) through a green approach using a hot water extract from Tiger Sawgill mushroom, <i>Lentinus tigrinus</i>. The study also aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the biosynthesized AgNPs alone and in combination with an acetone extract of <i>L</i>. <i>tigrinus</i>, known for its antibacterial properties. Characterization of the biosynthesized AgNPs showed that they were monodispersed, spherical particles with an average size of 5-25 nm. They exhibited a face-centered cubic structure and were stable due to the presence of bioorganic coating agents. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed that the hot water extract contained reducing and stabilizing biomolecules that facilitated the conversion of Ag⁺ to Ag⁰. The microdilution broth assay revealed that the biogenic AgNPs at concentrations lower than 1000 μg/mL were only active against <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>. However, when combined with the mushroom acetone extract, a synergistic antibacterial effect was observed. This led to a decrease in the lowest effective concentration to 31.25 μg/mL (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05). Specifically, the inhibition of <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, and <i>Bacillus cereus</i> by 500 μg/mL of this mixture increased by 306%, 380%, and 900%, respectively, compared with that of the biosynthesized AgNPs alone (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05). The present study confirmed that <i>L. tigrinus</i> is a novel source for green biosynthesis of AgNPs with antibacterial properties when combined with the mushroom acetone extract.</p>","PeriodicalId":13316,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"66 1","pages":"175-184"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12909646/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146219541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lignolytic Degradation of <i>Eucalyptus</i> and Bamboo Wood Blocks by Three White Rot Fungi and Their Action on-<i>Eucalyptus</i> Sawdust.","authors":"Sahith Chepyala, Sreedhar Bodiga, Jagadeesh Bathula, Kapil Sihag, Mohan Krishna Durgam","doi":"10.1007/s12088-024-01435-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-024-01435-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study aimed to assess the lignolytic enzyme production in three white rot fungi (WRF) upon stimulation with metal ion (FeSO₄·7H₂O) and thereby develop an optimal fungal consortium to enhance their lignolytic potential. In vitro wood decay experiments conducted with Eucalyptus and Bamboo demonstrated significant weight loss following inoculation with <i>Trametes versicolor</i> (TV), <i>Ganoderma lucidum</i> (GL), and <i>Schizophyllum commune</i> (SC). Over time (45-90 days), the weight loss gradually increased in all inoculations, ranging from 6.50 to 16.90% for <i>Eucalyptus</i> and 7.90-17.70% for Bamboo. Qualitative plate assays revealed TV's positive ligninolytic potential in all tests, SC in three, and GL in only two tests. Secondary screening confirmed laccase, manganese peroxidase, and lignin peroxidase activities for all fungi, with SC consistently exhibiting higher activity. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy analysis of Eucalyptus sawdust treated with individual fungi and the consortium (TV, GL, and SC) showed significant lignin degradation compared to the control. While individual strains displayed a decrease in lignin-associated bands, the consortium exhibited a more pronounced decrease (98.55% and 84.21% at I₁₅₁₁/I₁₇₃₉ and I₁₂₄₈/I₁₇₃₉), indicating synergistic effects. Conversely, cellulose and hemicellulose associated band intensities increased, suggesting preferential lignin degradation by the fungal consortium. Overall, the study highlights the potential of all three fungal isolates to produce lignolytic enzymes with industrial applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":13316,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"66 1","pages":"120-131"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12909699/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146219573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of an E2 Protein Based Lateral Flow Assay as a Point-of-Care Test for the Diagnosis of Classical Swine Fever.","authors":"Shikha Chaudhary, B V S Kumar, Y P S Malik, D Deka, R S Sethi","doi":"10.1007/s12088-025-01471-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-025-01471-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Classical swine fever (CSF), a highly contagious viral disease, poses significant threats to pig farming in India and around the globe. In this study, we aimed to develop a rapid and reliable lateral flow assay as a point-of-care (POC) test for CSF diagnosis based on the recombinant CSFV E2 protein. The study began with the confirmation of the recombinant clone, followed by the expression of the CSFV E2 gene in Sf21 insect cells. Characterization of the expressed protein confirmed its presence and reactivity with specific antibodies. Hyperimmune sera raised in rabbits and chickens showed strong reactivity against the recombinant protein. Subsequently, gold nanoparticles were conjugated with the recombinant E2 protein and characterized, demonstrating successful conjugation. The developed lateral flow assay (LFA) exhibited high sensitivity (100%) and specificity (96.42%) when validated against a commercial ELISA kit, making it a reliable tool for on-site CSF detection. Cross-reactivity testing with African swine fever (ASF) sera showed no false positives. The assay also maintained consistent accuracy and functionality during a 30-day shelf-life test at 4 °C. Overall, the developed POC test offers a practical solution for rapid CSF screening, aiding in effective disease management and control in pig populations, particularly in pen-side settings.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12088-025-01471-2.</p>","PeriodicalId":13316,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"66 1","pages":"150-158"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12909649/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146219529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiome-Metabolomics Reveals the Bidirectional Associations Between Aging and Depression.","authors":"Weiheng Li, Fuxiao Wei, Huanle Liu, Meng Lv, Di Zhao, Xuemei Qin, Xiaojie Liu","doi":"10.1007/s12088-025-01538-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-025-01538-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aging increases the susceptibility to depression, and depression accelerates the aging process of body. However, it is needed to be studied deeply that the connotations of the correlation between aging and depression. By integrally applying metabolome and microbiome techniques, the study aimed to explore underlying mechanisms of bidirectional associations between aging and depression. Aging rat model and depression rat model were carried out. Classical behaviors were measured to assess the impacts of aging and depression on rats. On top of this, potential changes in the organism are revealed to elucidate the bi-directional associations between aging and depression based on the 16S rRNA sequencing of gut flora and ¹H-NMR of gut metabolites, respectively. Depression weakened the ability of autonomous activities, spatial memory, and gastrointestinal functions of rats, which are also closely related to aging. Vice versa, aging also weakens the autonomous activities of rats, which frequently appears in depression. Secondly, valine, propionate, etc. are potential fecal metabolites that are commonly shared by aging and depression, and these metabolites are closely related to changes in gut microbiota composition. Lastly, both aging and depression decreased the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes. Spearman's analysis found that a variety of metabolites, including proline, strongly correlated with Lactobacillus and Corynebacterium, suggesting that these bacterial species play a significant role in the metabolic changes observed in both aging and depression. Meanwhile, differential metabolites and gut microbiota were strongly associated with the number of rearings and gastrointestinal movement of rats, suggesting that potential associations between aging and depression remarkably occur at multiple levels. Exploring the bidirectional association of aging and depression from the perspectives of metabolome and microbiome will not only deepen our understanding of aging and depression, but also provide novel ideas for clinically treating the co-existence and co-occurrence of aging with depression.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12088-025-01538-0.</p>","PeriodicalId":13316,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"66 1","pages":"243-259"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12909656/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146219543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indole-3-Acetic Acid Production and Molecular Insights into its Biosynthetic Pathway.","authors":"Pradeep Kumar, Simran Rani, Priyanka Dahiya, Balwant Kaur, Pawan Kumar, Kiran Arora, Ajit Kumar, Amita Suneja Dang, Pooja Suneja","doi":"10.1007/s12088-025-01535-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-025-01535-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>IAA synthesis by endophytes plays an important role in establishing a successful relationship between bacteria and plants. There are multiple pathways of IAA biosynthesis, IPyA pathway being widespread among endophytes. A total of five bacterial endophytes, <i>Pseudomonas lini</i> PRN1, <i>Bacillus</i> sp. PHR5, <i>Ochrobactrum</i> sp. PHR6, <i>Bacillus</i> sp. AJhN4 and <i>Pantoea agglomerans</i> CPHN2, were used in the present study. Out of these, three isolates <i>Bacillus</i> sp. PHR5, <i>Ochrobactrum</i> sp. PHR6, and <i>Bacillus</i> sp. AJhN4 were screened and optimized for IAA production by varying physicochemical parameters using OFAT. The presence of IAA in crude extracts was confirmed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) using IAA as standard. The highest IAA producing isolate was further used for scale-up of IAA production. Maximum production of 947 µg/ml IAA was obtained with 10% inoculum size, pH 9, DO of 60 after 19 h at 30 °C using 2-L stirred tank bioreactor. The study was further carried out, to specifically decipher the IAA pathway in this isolates and to characterize the <i>ipd</i>C gene. The genomic analysis of <i>ipd</i>C gene sequence of <i>P. agglomerans</i> CPHN2 performed and specific primers designed after annotation and amplicons of size 1720 bp and 2500 bp were obtained respectively. It was also observed that the IPDC protein is coded by the negative or antisense strand of DNA. Homology modelling approach was employed to develop a structural model of the IPDC proteins by utilizing sequences from closely related organisms, as well as from <i>P. agglomerans</i> CPHN2 IPDC protein sequence. All IPDC protein models exhibited significantly higher binding energy with indole-3-pyruvate compared to pyruvate. Among these, the IPDC from <i>P. agglomerans</i> CPHN2 showed the maximum binding energy with indole-3-pyruvate relative to other IPDC proteins. In the present study, the identification of the Indole-3-pyruvate (IPyA) pathway and characterization of the <i>ipd</i>C gene in <i>Pantoea agglomerans</i> offers insights into optimizing the IAA production for sustainable agriculture. Understanding the enzymatic pathways also opens avenues for genetic engineering in microbial biotechnology.</p><p><strong>Graphical abstract: </strong></p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12088-025-01535-3.</p>","PeriodicalId":13316,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"66 1","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12909741/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146219540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuberculosis Prognosis and Clinical Synergistic Activity with gut Microbiome.","authors":"Karthikeyan Sundaram, Leela Kagithakara Vajravelu","doi":"10.1007/s12088-024-01433-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-024-01433-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The association between tuberculosis and gut microbiota is notable clinical synergistic action. Tuberculosis is a highly contagious illness that poses a huge global risk. <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>, an acid-fast bacillus, is responsible for one of the top ten death associated lethal infection. The study of human commensal bacteria has a strong link to tuberculosis and its treatment. The gut microbiota is frequently altered with antimycobacterial drugs. Importantly, there was a significant association found between the gut microbiome and the brain via the gut-brain axis. This interaction is also thought to exist along the gut-liver and gut-lung axis, with possible connections to appropriate organs as well. <i>Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, and Fusobacteria</i> make up the majority of the microbiota in mammals' guts. Crucially, substantial data from human and animal studies shows that mycobacterial infection causes an imbalance in the gut microbiota, known as gut microbial dysbiosis. This dysbiosis is distinguished by variations in the abundance of certain microbes, particularly those that produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as <i>Bifidobacterium</i> and <i>Ruminococcus</i>. The review examined various studies on the association between tuberculosis and gut microbiota in order to develop a clinical algorithm and potential immune regulation against tuberculosis employing crucial gut commensal bacteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":13316,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"66 1","pages":"84-94"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12909629/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146219492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alterations of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in the Clinical Multidrug-Resistant <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> Isolates.","authors":"Thuy Thi Bich Vo, Van Thi Thu Ha, Minh Ngoc Nghiem","doi":"10.1007/s12088-025-01513-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-025-01513-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study purposed to investigate the antibiotic susceptibility data and the expression of resistance genes in <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> clinical isolates obtained from a military hospital in Vietnam. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted using both the disc diffusion method and the VITEK 2 automated system. The expression of ten key resistance genes associated with beta-lactamases, carbapenems, and aminoglycosides was assessed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method, gene expression quantified via QuantityOne software. Among the analyzed isolates, 83.33% exhibited multidrug resistance, while only 16.67% remained susceptible to antibiotics. The isolates demonstrated the highest resistance rates to beta-lactams and fluoroquinolones, whereas colistin (91.67%) and amikacin (60%) showed the highest levels of effectiveness. RT-PCR analysis revealed ubiquitous expression of the <i>carO</i> gene (100%) and a high prevalence of <i>adeB</i> (96.67%). Additionally, <i>bla</i> _OXA-51-like, <i>adeJ, bla</i> _OXA-23-like, and <i>oprD</i> were detected in 93.33%, 90%, 80%, and 70% of the isolates, respectively. In contrast, <i>aadA1</i>, <i>armA</i>, and <i>adeG</i> were expressed in less than half of the samples. These findings indicate a widespread distribution of several antibiotic resistance genes among <i>A. baumannii</i> isolates, especially a significant threat posed by multidrug-resistant strains in clinical settings. The results underscore the urgent need for robust molecular surveillance and infection control strategies in hospitals to prevent the further spread of these resistant pathogens and to improve treatment outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":13316,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"66 1","pages":"233-242"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12909678/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146219519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and Development of a Multiplex Real-Time PCR Method for the Detection of Herpes Family Viruses in Transplant Patients.","authors":"Reyhaneh Kalhor, Hassan Noorbazargan, Hourieh Kalhor, Sirous Naeimi, Mahdi Paryan","doi":"10.1007/s12088-025-01487-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-025-01487-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Early detection of viral infections is crucial for combating their spread in transplant patients, as it is significantly contributing to the success of organ transplantation. In transplant patients, infections motivated by herpes family viruses are common and pose serious barriers to successful organ engulfment. This study aimed to design and develop a Multiplex Real-time PCR-based method for accurate identification of these viruses, including Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV), Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), and Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV), in transplant patients. Primer pairs and probes targeting conserved regions of each virus genome were designed using bioinformatics software. Plasmid standards, detection limit, clinical, analytical, and sensitivity characteristics were determined using the designed primers and probes. Finally, simultaneous detection of the three herpes family viruses using Multiplex Real-time PCR was done on 22 blood specimens from transplant patients. The analytical sensitivity for HSV (6.25 copies per microliter) and VZV/EBV (25 copies per microliter) was 100% positive in all repetitions. The high copy number of one virus did not significantly affect the detection of the other two viruses with low copy numbers. Clinical sensitivity was determined to be 95% based on the analysis of 22 samples. Evaluation of the assay's specificity reached 100% using various viral samples and human genome. Reproducibility of the reaction was assessed at the intra-assay and inter-assay levels, demonstrating high repeatability of this method. The research findings indicated that the development of the multiplex Real-time PCR assay enables quicker, more accurate, and cost-effective detection of VZV, HSV, and EBV herpes family viruses in transplant patients, potentially leading to reduced treatment duration an associated complications.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12088-025-01487-8.</p>","PeriodicalId":13316,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"66 1","pages":"185-192"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12909647/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146219545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}