Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry最新文献

{"title":"Coagulopathy is Initiated with Endothelial Dysfunction and Disrupted Fibrinolysis in Patients with COVID-19 Disease.","authors":"Fatma Burcu Belen Apak, Gulbahar Yuce, Deniz Ilhan Topcu, Ayse Gultekingil, Yunus Emre Felek, Tugce Sencelikel","doi":"10.1007/s12291-023-01118-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12291-023-01118-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A substantial group of patients suffer from Covid-19 (CAC) coagulopathy and are presented with thrombosis. The pathogenesis involved in CAC is not fully understood. We evaluated the hemostatic and inflammatory parameters of 51 hospitalized Covid-19 adult patients and 21 controls. The parameters analyzed were danger signal molecule (High molecular weight group box protein-1/HMGBP-1), platelet count, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), D-dimer, fibrinogen, endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR), soluble E-selectin, soluble P-selectin, thrombomodulin, tissue plasminogen activator (TPA), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), soluble fibrin monomer complex (SFMC), platelet-derived microparticles (PDMP), β-thromboglobulin, antithrombin and protein C. The main objective of our study was to investigate which part of the hemostatic system was mostly affected at the admission of Covid-19 patients and whether these parameters could differentiate intensive care unit (ICU) and non-ICU patients. In this prospective case-control study, 51 patients ≥ 18 years who are hospitalized with the diagnosis of Covid-19 and 21 healthy control subjects were included. We divided the patients into two groups according to their medical progress, either in ICU or non-ICU group. Regarding the outcome, patients were again categorized as a survivor and non-survivor groups. Blood samples were collected from patients at admission at the time of hospitalization before the administration of any treatment for Covid-19. The analyzes of the study were made with the IBM SPSS V22 program. <i>p</i> < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. A total of 51 adult patients (F/M: 24/27) (13 ICU and 38 non-ICU) were included in the study cohort. The mean age of the patients was 68.1 ± 14.4 years. The control group consisted of 21 age and sex-matched healthy individuals. All of the patients were hospitalized. In a group of 13 patients, Covid-19 progressed to a severe form, and were hospitalized in ICU. We found out that the levels of fibrinogen, prothrombin time (PT), endothelial protein-C receptor (EPCR), D-dimer, soluble E-selectin, soluble P-selectin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) were increased; whereas, the levels of soluble fibrin monomer complex (SFMC), platelet-derived microparticles (PDMP), antithrombin and protein-C were decreased in Covid-19 patients compared to the control group at hospital admission. Tissue plasminogen activator was the only marker with a significantly different median level between ICU and non-ICU groups (<i>p</i> < 0.001). In accordance with the previous literature, we showed that Covid-19 associated coagulopathy is distinct from sepsis-induced DIC with prominent early endothelial involvement and fibrinolytic shut-down. Reconstruction of endothelial function at early stages of infection may protect patients from progressing to ICU hospitalization. We believe that af","PeriodicalId":13280,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry","volume":"38 2","pages":"220-230"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9922102/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9600720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spectrum of Rare and Novel Indel Mutations Responsible for β Thalassemia in Eastern India","authors":"Sajan Sinha, Atanu Kumar Dutta, Paramita Bhattacharya, Subham Bhattacharya, Mrinal Kanti Das","doi":"10.1007/s12291-022-01098-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12291-022-01098-w","url":null,"abstract":"There is limited data available regarding the clinical utility of routine molecular diagnosis of β Thalassaemia in addition to HPLC-based screening in low resource settings. The current study highlights the caveats of an HPLC-based screening compared to the inclusion of genetic confirmation as a second-tier test and its implications in terms of genotype-phenotype correlation. A prospective, institution-based, observational study was conducted at the Department of Paediatric Medicine, including 103 children aged up to 12 years. Five common mutations for β Thalassemia and the HbE mutation in the HBB gene were tested by a two-tiered approach using multiplex ARMS PCR and PCR RFLP methods respectively. Sanger sequencing of all three exons of the HBB gene was performed in all negative cases. Sequencing revealed many rare pathogenic mutations like c.316-106 C > G (dbSNP: 34,690,599); Hb Kairouan (c.92G > C); c.33 C > A (dbSNP rs35799536); c.47G > A (dbSNP rs63750783); c.51delC (HbVar ID 799); c.[93-2 A > C] and c.118 C > T (HbVar ID 845). We detected a novel Pathogenic M_000518.5(HBB):c.164_168delinsGGCATCA (p.Val55fs) mutation in a heterozygous state which was reported in the ClinVar database with accession ID VCV000590977.2. We also encountered several cases of silent carrier on HPLC and de novo occurrence of mutation. We conclude that the multiplex touchdown ARMS PCR methodology employed in the present study provides a low-cost solution for molecular diagnostics of Β Thalassaemia. The problem of silent carriers in HPLC is significant enough to rethink if we need supplemental genetic testing in the couple when one of the partners is a carrier.","PeriodicalId":13280,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135554720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cell-free DNA Release in the Plasma of Patients with Cardiac Disease is Associated with Cell Death Processes.","authors":"Junko Fujihara, Yoshikazu Takinami, Kaori Kimura-Kataoka, Yasuyuki Kawai, Haruo Takeshita","doi":"10.1007/s12291-022-01034-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12291-022-01034-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is released into the plasma of patients with cardiac disease. Here, the source and mechanism of plasma cfDNA release in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) and other cardiac diseases (<i>n</i> = 59) were investigated. Plasma levels of various markers including M30 (apoptosis), M65 (apoptosis and necrosis), cyclophilin A (CyPA) (necrosis), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) (neutrophil activation) were assayed. The plasma cfDNA concentrations in MI and other cardiac diseases were significantly higher than that in the healthy control subjects. Significant differences were not observed among the cardiac disease patients (MI and other cardiac diseases) and healthy control subjects in M30, M65, and CyPA levels. In contrast,the MPO levels were significantly elevated in cardiac disease patients when compared to control groups, and MPO levels in MI patients were significantly higher than other cardiac diseases patients. These results suggest that cfDNA is mainly released by neutrophils via NETosis in addition to apoptosis except for epithelial apoptosis in patients with cardiac disease and the degree is greater in MI patients. The results from this study provide basic information for diagnosis marker of MI.</p>","PeriodicalId":13280,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry","volume":"38 1","pages":"67-72"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9852365/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10578525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of <i>Abutilon indicum</i> (L) Extract on Adipogenesis, Lipolysis and Cholesterol Esterase in 3T3-L1 Adipocyte Cell Lines.","authors":"Lavanya Lakshminarayana, V Veeraraghavan, Kuruvalli Gouthami, Renuka Srihari, Prashantha Chowdadenahalli Nagaraja","doi":"10.1007/s12291-022-01022-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12291-022-01022-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Abutilon indicum</i> (L) is an Indian traditional plant used for the treatment of diabetes and heart diseases. The present study is to evaluate the functional of <i>A. indicum</i> leaf extract as insulin like character to inhibit lipolysis and stimulates Adipogenesis activity. The ability of the <i>A. indicum</i> leaf extract in anti-obesity effect of Adipogenesis, lipolysis and cholesterol esterase functions can be predicted by using 3T3-L1 adipocyte cell lines. Substances were isolated from <i>A. indicum</i> leaves and the double filtered crude sample were used for Adipogenesis, lipolysis and cholesterol esterase activity using 3T3-L1 adipocytes at different concentrations. We used differential media-I, differential media-II and maintenance media (MM1) at concentrations of 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 200 and 400 µg/mL respectively. In addition to the extract, there is a significance increase in glycerol release (<i>p</i> < 0.001) compared with crude and reference compounds. Cholesterol esterase activity predicts the IC₅₀ = 27.11 µg/mL of orlistat positive control compare with IC₅₀ = 8.158 µg/mL of crude extract. Based on the observation, <i>A. indicum</i> leaf extract can promotes lipolysis and differentiated adipocytes. It is potentially used as adjuvant in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":13280,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry","volume":"38 1","pages":"22-32"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9852410/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10580743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Search for Uniformity in Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) Reporting.","authors":"Mala Mahto, Ayan Banerjee, Mukunda Kumar, Sushil Kumar, Jagjit Pandey","doi":"10.1007/s12291-021-00970-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12291-021-00970-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Varying reports across different laboratories or across different analysers in the same lab for the same sample is not an uncommon phenomena. Experts call this a lack of harmonization. A test that is harmonized provides the same results regardless of the manufacturer of reagents used or the laboratory where the test is performed. When laboratory tests are not harmonized, the entire continuum of patient care can be affected in a number of ways. Here, we present a case of varying reports for a single serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) sample on two different immunoassay platforms for a young female presenting with an abdominopelvic mass. The lab reports for serum hCG for this particular patient showed inconsistent results with the same sample within the same lab. The phenomena behind this was lack of harmonization of test results. We introspect many of the factors responsible for lack of uniformity in hCG results amongst the major ones being with use of antibodies directed against different epitopes of hCG (analyte) and the heterogeneity of the hCG molecule itself. Harmonization is a process to ensure that different clinical testing procedures used by different laboratories give equivalent results. Harmonizing test results will enable healthcare providers to use clinical guidelines with greater confidence for diagnosing disease and managing patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":13280,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry","volume":"38 1","pages":"142-147"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s12291-021-00970-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10580746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytical Variation Between Two Different TSH Reagents from the Same Manufacturer.","authors":"Sudhesna Mohapatra, Sutirtha Chakraborty","doi":"10.1007/s12291-021-00957-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12291-021-00957-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) immunoassays are known for giving varying results based on the platform of testing and the generation of kit used. It is generally expected that the results should not vary to affect clinical diagnosis and management. We aimed to perform method comparison study between two TSH assays by the same manufacturer Siemens Healthineers. Results show that there is a large proportional error between the assays with a bias of -3.71mIu/L indicating that TSH assay gives higher values for TSH for the same patient as measured against the TSH3-Ultra kit. This can affect interpretation of results leading to false increase in patients categorized under hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism. We strongly suggest, to prevent errors in clinical evaluation of a patient with thyroid dysfunction, validation of the performance of the assay and method comparison should be performed in-house.</p>","PeriodicalId":13280,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry","volume":"38 1","pages":"132-135"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s12291-021-00957-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10585899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study of Maternal and Umbilical Cord Blood Lead Levels in Pregnant Women.","authors":"Abbas Ali Mahdi, Jamal Akhtar Ansari, Priyanka Chaurasia, Mohammad Kaleem Ahmad, Shipra Kunwar, Sally McClean, Pratheepan Yogarajah","doi":"10.1007/s12291-022-01040-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12291-022-01040-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lead is a highly toxic element which can cross the placental barrier and enter the fetus during pregnancy. Parental lead exposure has adverse effect on infant as well as on maternal health. As part of our program to investigate the lead poisoning in human population we investigated the maternal blood lead levels (MBLL) and umbilical cord blood lead (UBLL) levels in 200 pregnant women and collected their socio-demographic details. In the study we found high lead levels in both maternal and umbilical cord blood samples. The results showed 47.5% maternal blood (<i>n</i> = 95) detected with lead while 38.5% umbilical cord blood (<i>n</i> = 77) samples had lead concentration higher than that of reference range of ≤ 5 µg/dL. We also found that the Spearman's correlation coefficient (rs) revealed a strong positive correlation between the MBLL and UBLL (rs = 0.63). The results from socio-demographic questionnaire demonstrated that the recent home painting (<i>p</i> = 0.002) and residing close proximity to traffic congestion (<i>p</i> = 0.05) were significantly associated with MBLL. Education, mother age, fuel and water sources were not significantly associated with MBLL. Iron and calcium deficiency along with tiredness, lethargy, abdominal pain were also reported in women having high lead level > 5 µg/dL. Concludingly, on the basis of results obtained it may be stated that we found elevated BLLs in both pregnant women as well as in umbilical cord blood. The prevalence of elevated lead levels in mothers will expose the fetus to lead through placental barriers mobilization and it can have long term adverse effects on the developing fetus. Therefore, it is recommended that screening of blood lead levels be carried out in high-risk women based on their social, occupational, environmental, and individual factors. In addition, stringent regulations on lead-based products are also required from government agencies/authorities to reduce environmental lead burden and toxicity. Moreover, public awareness programs should be organized on hazardous effect of lead.</p>","PeriodicalId":13280,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry","volume":"38 1","pages":"94-101"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9852413/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10585901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnesium Supplementation Affects the Expression of Sirtuin1, Tumor Protein P53 and Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Genes in Patients with Atherosclerosis: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial.","authors":"Behnaz Rahnama Inchehsablagh, Farhad Ghadiri Soufi, Shabnaz Koochakkhani, Fariba Azarkish, Hossein Farshidi, Mahdiye Eslami, Masoumeh Mahmoodi, Nepton Soltani, Ebrahim Eftekhar","doi":"10.1007/s12291-022-01032-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12291-022-01032-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Magnesium seems to play a role in improving cardiovascular function, but its exact mechanism is unknown. In this study, we hypothesized that magnesium could modulate the expression of genes involved in atherosclerosis. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the effect of magnesium sulfate on the expression of sirtuin1 (SIRT1), tumor protein p53 (TP53), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) genes in patients with atherosclerosis. This study was a placebo-controlled double-blind randomized clinical trial on 56 patients with angiographically proven atherosclerosis. Participants were randomly divided into two groups receiving 300 mg/day magnesium sulfate (n = 29) and placebo (n = 27) for three months (following up every month). Fasting blood samples were taken before and after the intervention and total RNA was extracted and used to evaluate the expression level of SIRT1, TP53, and eNOS genes by Real-Time PCR. The expression of eNOS gene was significantly increased (<i>P</i> < 0.0001) and the expression of TP53 gene was decreased (<i>P</i> = 0.02) in the magnesium sulfate group compared to the placebo group. But SIRT1 gene expression was not significantly different between the two groups. Our findings demonstrate that magnesium sulfate supplementation may have a protective role against the progression of atherosclerosis through upregulation of eNOS and downregulation of TP53 gene. <b>Trial registration</b>: This present clinical trial has been registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) with the registration code of \"IRCT20151028024756N3\", https://www.irct.ir/trial/29097?revision=114102. Registered on 16 December 2019.</p>","PeriodicalId":13280,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry","volume":"38 1","pages":"59-66"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9852374/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10585905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dysregulation of Synaptic Plasticity Markers in Schizophrenia.","authors":"Neha Keshri, Hanumanthappa Nandeesha","doi":"10.1007/s12291-022-01068-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12291-022-01068-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by cognitive impairment resulting in compromised quality of life. Since the regulation of synaptic plasticity has functional implications in various aspects of cognition such as learning, memory, and neural circuit maturation, the dysregulation of synaptic plasticity is considered as a pathobiological feature of schizophrenia. The findings from our recently concluded studies indicate that there is an alteration in levels of synaptic plasticity markers such as neural cell adhesion molecule-1 (NCAM-1), Neurotropin-3 (NT-3) and Matrix-mettaloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in schizophrenia patients. The objective of the present article is to review the role of markers of synaptic plasticity in schizophrenia. PubMed database (http;//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed) was used to perform an extensive literature search using the keywords schizophrenia and synaptic plasticity. We conclude that markers of synaptic plasticity are altered in schizophrenia and may lead to complications of schizophrenia including cognitive dysfunction.</p>","PeriodicalId":13280,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry","volume":"38 1","pages":"4-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9852406/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10578521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal Serum Zinc, Copper, Magnesium, and Iron in Spontaneous Abortions.","authors":"Sairoz, Krishnananda Prabhu, Vidyashree G Poojari, Sahana Shetty, Mahadeva Rao, Asha Kamath","doi":"10.1007/s12291-022-01043-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12291-022-01043-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Twenty five percent of pregnant women have some degree of vaginal bleeding during the first trimester, and about 50% of those pregnancies end in spontaneous abortion (SA) because the fetus is not developing typically. As studies have reported that inadequacies of trace metals such as Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Magnesium (Mg) can predispose to various adverse pregnancy outcomes (PO); multiple micronutrient (MMN) supplementations are given without justifying their deficiency and toxicities on the fetus. Earlier studies on effects of MMN supplementations during pregnancy have not considered the need, duration, dose, and time of initiation of supplementations leading to inconclusive results. So, there is a need to optimize this to prevent their abuse and side effects. This study can help in establishing critical cut-offs of these minerals in maternal serum that can forecast future pregnancy outcomes. Study measured the serum Zn, Cu, Mg, and Fe in pregnant women who presented with (<i>n</i> = 80) and without (<i>n</i> = 100) SA at 5-2 weeks of pregnancy using iron -ferrozine method, magnesium-calmagite method, zinc reaction with nitro-PAPS, copper reaction with Di-Br- PAESA methods, respectively. Data analyzed using the student t test and cutoff value was established using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) by SPSS software. Maternal serum Cu, Mg, Fe, and Zn levels measured were significantly lower in SA as compared to that of controls (<i>p</i> < 0.005) (Fig. 1) and maternal age and Body mass index were not statistically significant different among study group. Maternal serum Cu, Mg, Zn and Iron (Fe) measured in 5-12 weeks of pregnancy has the potential to forecast future occurrence of SA. The study has been registered under \"The Clinical Trials Registry- India (CTRI),\" -REF/2020/01/030393.</p>","PeriodicalId":13280,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry","volume":"38 1","pages":"128-131"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9852411/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10578523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}