Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry最新文献

{"title":"The Remarkable Roles of the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (RAGE) and Its Soluble Isoforms in COVID-19: The Importance of RAGE Pathway in the Lung Injuries.","authors":"Mitra Salehi,&nbsp;Shahin Amiri,&nbsp;Dariush Ilghari,&nbsp;Lawahidh Fadhil Ali Hasham,&nbsp;Hossein Piri","doi":"10.1007/s12291-022-01081-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12291-022-01081-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The respiratory symptoms of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients is associated with accumulation of pre-inflammatory molecules such as advanced glycation end-products (AGES), calprotectin, high mobility group box family-1 (HMGB1), cytokines, angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), and other molecules in the alveolar space of lungs and plasma. The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGEs), which is mediated by the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), plays a critical role in the severity of chronic inflammatory diseases such as diabetes mellitus (DM) and ARDS. The RAGE gene is most expressed in the alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) of the pulmonary system. Several clinical trials are now being conducted to determine the possible association between the levels of soluble isoforms of RAGE (sRAGE and esRAGE) and the severity of the disease in patients with ARDS and acute lung injury (ALI). In the current article, we reviewed the most recent studies on the RAGE/ligands axis and sRAGE/esRAGE levels in acute respiratory illness, with a focus on COVID-19-associated ARDS (CARDS) patients. According to the research conducted so far, sRAGE/esRAGE measurements in patients with CARDS can be used as a powerful chemical indicator among other biomarkers for assessment of early pulmonary involvement. Furthermore, inhibiting RAGE/MAPK and Angiotensin II receptor type 1 (ATR1) in CARDS patients can be a powerful strategy for diminishing cytokine storm and severe respiratory symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":13280,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry","volume":"38 2","pages":"159-171"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9387879/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9271947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatoprotective Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Garlic Against Reserpine Induced Toxicity in Wistar Rats.","authors":"Khushboo, Vivek Kumar Gupta, Bechan Sharma","doi":"10.1007/s12291-022-01045-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12291-022-01045-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reserpine, a bioactive compound isolated from the roots of <i>Rauwolfia serpentine</i>, is known to deplete dopamine, a neurotransmitter. The clinical application of reserpine has been associated to manage hypertension, insanity, insomnia and schizophrenia. However, the usage of reserpine as a drug is restricted because of its ability of inducing excess free radicals production and oxidative stress resulting into damage to liver and other organs. Here, we have explored the antioxidative potential of extract of garlic prepared using ethanol (EEG) against reserpine-induced hepatic damage in the albino Wister rats.The animals were divided into four different groups containing 6 animals in each: (1) control + placebo, (2) control + EEG, (3) reserpine and (4) reserpine with EEG. The reserpine treatment resulted into sharp increase in the level of MDA and significant reduction in the activitiesof key antioxidative enzymes (SOD, GST, and CAT) in the rat liver. It also caused sharp perturbations in the levels of certain hepatic transaminases (ALT, AST) and glycolytic LDH. The histopathological results revealed hepatic necrosis, which could have occurred due to reserpine induced lipid peroxidation as well as reduction in the levels of antioxidant species.The administration of EEG, however, significantly ameliorated reserpine induced hepatotoxicity. These results reflected the ameliorative property of EEG, which was probably mediated via its antioxidant function as it contains several bioactive molecules with free radical quenching potential.This study suggestedthe prospective application of EEG as a supplement to combat the side effects of reserpine.</p>","PeriodicalId":13280,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry","volume":"38 2","pages":"251-261"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10070574/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9264590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of DNA Bio-chip for Detection of Mutations of <i>rpoB, embB</i> and <i>inhA</i> Genes in Drug-Resistant <i>Mycobacterium Tuberculosis</i>.","authors":"Bharti Jain, Savita Kulkarni","doi":"10.1007/s12291-022-01044-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12291-022-01044-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drug-resistant (DR) tuberculosis (TB) is a global threat to health security and TB control programs. Since conventional drug susceptibility testing (DST) takes several weeks, we have developed a molecular method for the rapid identification of DR strains of <i>Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (M.tb)</i> utilizing DNA bio-chips. DNA bio-chips were prepared by immobilizing oligonucleotides (probes) on highly microporous polycarbonate track-etched membranes (PC-TEM) as novel support. Bio-chip was designed to contain 15 specific probes to detect mutations in three genes (<i>rpoB, embB, and inhA</i>). A sensitive and specific chemiluminescence based bio-chip assay was developed based on multiplex PCR followed by hybridization on bio-chip. Fifty culture isolates were used to evaluate the ability of in-house developed bio-chip to detect the mutations. Bio-chip analysis shows that 37.7% of samples show wild type sequences, 53.3% of samples were monoresistance showing resistance to either rifampicin (RMP), isoniazid (INH), or ethambutol (EMB). 4.4% of samples were polydrug resistant showing mutations in both the <i>rpoB</i> gene and <i>embB</i> gene while 4.4% of samples were multidrug-resistant (MDR), harboring mutations in the <i>rpoB</i> and <i>inhA</i> genes. The results were compared with DST and sequencing. Compared to sequencing, bio-chip assay shows a sensitivity of 96.5% and specificity of 100% for RMP resistance. For EMB and INH, the results were in complete agreement with sequencing. This study demonstrates the first-time use of PC-TEMs for developing DNA bio-chip for the detection of mutations associated with drug resistance in <i>M.tb</i>. Developed DNA bio-chip accurately detected different mutations present in culture isolates and thus provides detailed and reliable data for clinical diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":13280,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry","volume":"38 2","pages":"242-250"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10070561/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9264591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation of Body Mass Index with Anthropometric and Biochemical Parameters Among Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Phenotypes.","authors":"Tanuja Mehra, Sonali Sharma, Tasneem Zahra, Sapna Jangir, Barkha Gupta","doi":"10.1007/s12291-022-01042-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12291-022-01042-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This was a prospective observational study, conducted at a tertiary care health centre in Rajasthan. A total of 68 women with PCOS (Rotterdam criteria) attending OPD at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology qualified as per inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. Each participant was examined for anthropometric and biochemical parameters. The largest phenotypic group was phenotype A, (41.17%); followed by B (26.47%); C (20.58%), and D (P + O) phenotypes (11.76%). Hyperandrogenic phenotypes (A, B, C), had significantly higher prevalence of deranged serum glucose (fasting and postprandial), lipid profile and serum TSH than normoandrogenic phenotype D. BMI was strongly correlated with anthropometric (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and biochemical parameters (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in phenotype A among four phenotypes of PCOS. Phenotype A was the most common form of PCOS and a strong correlation of BMI with waist circumference (WC), dyslipidemia and Sub-clinical hypothyroidism (SCH) was observed in women of this phenotype of PCOS. These results indicate that phenotype A is at increased risk of CVD and diabetes and phenotype D has least metabolic risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":13280,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry","volume":"38 2","pages":"231-241"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10070586/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9264593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long Term Treatment of Corticostreroids May Cause Hepatotoxicity and Oxidative Damage: A Case Controlled Study.","authors":"Priyanka Tiwari, Nitika Singh, Bechan Sharma","doi":"10.1007/s12291-023-01127-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12291-023-01127-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Arthritis is a clinical condition, which mainly affects the structure and function joints. During this condition the joints gets swelled and stiffed resulting into development of pain and morbidity. Corticosteroids are frequently prescribed to manage various clinical conditions including the chronic inflammatory diseases such as arthritis. The steroidal drug also causes certain adverse effects depending on the dose, the route of administration and duration of treatment. However, a systematic investigation on the biochemical consequences of steroids as a therapeutic has not been carried out. In the present study we analyzed certain parameters associated to oxidative stress, liver function and energy metabolism has been done in the blood plasma of the arthritis patients who were using steroidal drugs (methylprednisolone and deflazacort) up to 168 days for the treatment of the disease. The results indicated increase in level of MDA and decrease in the activities of SOD, CAT and LDH. The activities of AST and ALT were found to be significantly enhanced over the increase in the treatment period. These results suggested that corticosteroids may induce lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress and liver toxicity in the arthritis patients in the dose and duration dependent manner. The use of antioxidants as supplements to the anti-arthritis agents could play a role in suppressing the oxidative stress mediated adverse effects. However, extensive research is required to explore for safer medication devoid of steroids to cure arthritis.</p><p><strong>Graphical abstract: </strong></p>","PeriodicalId":13280,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10066027/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9713021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive overview on Micro RNA signature in type 2 diabetes Mellitus and its complications.","authors":"Sanjukta Mishra,&nbsp;Jyotirmayee Bahinipati,&nbsp;RajLaxmi Sarangi,&nbsp;Soumya Ranjan Mohapatra,&nbsp;Swarnalata Das,&nbsp;Amaresh Mishra","doi":"10.1007/s12291-022-01069-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12291-022-01069-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small endogenous, non-coding RNA molecules that can modulate the expression of their target genes. Since its discovery, an enormous breakthrough has been established regarding its biogenesis and pathophysiological action, which has revolutionized the field of molecular biology. In addition, recent studies have identified the existence of stable extracellular/circulating miRNAs tissues and in biological fluids like blood where they are safeguarded from endogenous ribonuclease activity. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has emerged as a prime health issue worldwide. Incidence has increased considerably over the past decade. There are various tests that have been employed to diagnose T2DM. But for early detection and development, the establishment of biomarkers are of paramount importance. Contemporary evidence also validates the signature of a set of this epigenetic factor miRNA in the development of various diseases, including T2DM. This article reviews the contemporary corroboration associating miRNAs and T2DM and emphasizes the potential role of miRNA as a circulatory biomarker that could alert the growing prevalence of T2DM. Also, it acknowledges the valuable compendium of information regarding biogenesis and functional role of circulating miRNA in insulin resistance which is intimately linked to T2DM.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12291-022-01069-1.</p>","PeriodicalId":13280,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry","volume":"38 2","pages":"151-158"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9441834/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9259277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smouldering Myeloma: Chasing a Hyperviscous Sample.","authors":"Amandeep Birdi, Arun Sinha, Mithu Banerjee, Maithili Karpaga SelviN","doi":"10.1007/s12291-021-00990-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12291-021-00990-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Serum hyperviscosity is a rare laboratory finding. Amongst several causes of serum hyperviscosity, malignant disorders are quite common. Monoclonal gammopathy is a family of disorders in which monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (MGUS) and smoldering myeloma are the asymptomatic variants whereas multiple myeloma is the malignant variant showing different signs and symptoms related to bone lesions, renal failure and anemia. Initially during sample preparation, pipetting of a serum sample was found to be cumbersome. This sample during routine analysis in the automated analyser flagged repeated alarms for clot detection indicating a possibility of a hyper viscous sample. Serum was subjected to fibrinogen and D- dimer test. The D-Dimer levels were found to be normal and fibrinogen levels were mildly elevated. Routine biochemistry investigations were normal except grossly reversed A/G ratio. Due to gross reversal of A/G ratio, the possibility of Multiple myeloma was entertained. Physician's were alerted on telephone. Serum was sent for electrophoresis which showeda M spike. Bone marrow aspirate showed 13% plasma cells. Considering the above lab results the diagnosis of monoclonal gammopathy of smoldering type was considered. The sample was traced to a 77 years old male, who presented to Medicine OPD with the chief complaints of generalised weakness for two months without any history of fever. On physical examination pallor was evident but there was no icterus, cyanosis, clubbing, lymphadenopathy or edema. On haematological evaluation patient was found to be anemic. <b>C</b>areful tracking of hyperviscous patient's serum followed up by thorough investigation led us to the final conclusion that the case mentioned is a rare case of Smoldering type of multiple myeloma.</p>","PeriodicalId":13280,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry","volume":"38 2","pages":"279-283"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10070547/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9264592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cancer Stem Cells: Future Possibilities for Cancer Therapy.","authors":"Shailendra Dwivedi, Praveen Sharma","doi":"10.1007/s12291-023-01133-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12291-023-01133-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13280,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry","volume":"38 2","pages":"149-150"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10070567/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9628589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monocyte HLADR and Immune Dysregulation Index as Biomarkers for COVID-19 Severity and Mortality.","authors":"Namrata Punit Awasthi,&nbsp;Sridhar Mishra,&nbsp;Vandana Tiwari,&nbsp;Jyotsna Agarwal,&nbsp;Pravin Kumar Das,&nbsp;Paresh Jain,&nbsp;Nuzhat Husain","doi":"10.1007/s12291-022-01087-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12291-022-01087-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immune dysregulation in COVID-19 is the major causal factor associated with disease progression and mortality. Role of monocyte HLA-DR (mHLA-DR), neutrophil CD64 (nCD64) and Immune dysregulation index (IDI) were studied in COVID-19 patients for assessing severity and outcome. Results were compared with other laboratory parameters. Antibody bound per cell for mHLA-DR, nCD64 and IDI were measured in 100 COVID-19 patients by flow cytometry within 12 h of hospital admission. Thirty healthy controls (HC) were included. Clinical and laboratory parameters like C - reactive protein (CRP), Procalcitonin (PCT), Absolute Lymphocyte count (ALC), Absolute Neutrophil count (ANC) and Neutrophil to Lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were recorded. Patients were followed up until recovery with discharge or death. Parameters from 54 mild (MCOV-19), 46 severe (SCOV-19) and 30 HC were analysed. mHLA-DR revealed significant and graded down regulation in MCOV-19 and SCOV-19 as compared to HC whereas IDI was lowest in HC with increasing values in MCOV-19 and SCOV-19. For diagnostic discrimination of MCOV-19 and SCOV-19, IDI revealed highest AUC (0.99). All three immune parameters revealed significant difference between survivors (n = 78) and non-survivors (n = 22). mHLA-DR < 7010 and IDI > 12 had significant association with mortality. Four best performing parameters to identify patients with SCOV-19 at higher risk of mortality were IDI, NLR, ALC and PCT. mHLA-DR and IDI, in addition to NLR and ALC at admission and during hospital stay can be utilized for patient triaging, monitoring, early intervention, and mortality prediction. IDI reported for the first time in this study, appears most promising. Immune monitoring of 'in hospital' cases may provide optimized treatment options.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12291-022-01087-z.</p>","PeriodicalId":13280,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry","volume":"38 2","pages":"204-211"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9540126/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9320026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Matrix Degradation, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation & Trace Elements in COVID-19 Patients: A Multivariate Study from India.","authors":"Brajesh Singh,&nbsp;Smiti Singh,&nbsp;J K Bhatia,&nbsp;Rajan Kapoor,&nbsp;Kapil Bhatia","doi":"10.1007/s12291-022-01059-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12291-022-01059-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The interrelationship between matrix degradation, oxidative stress, inflammation and trace elements can be speculated in COVID-19. The objective of the study was to evaluate the oxidative stress, inflammation and matrix degradation markers and trace elements in COVID-19 positive patients. A group of confirmed severe COVID-19 positive patients (n = 30) along with COVID-19 negative patients (n = 30) with similar symptoms were included. Both group of patients were assessed for oxidative stress markers, inflammatory cytokines, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)s and their inhibitors along with trace elements in blood. All the data were subjected to univariate as well as multivariate analysis including PCA, PLS-DA, OPLS-DA. Diagnostic accuracy was tested by ROC curve analysis. Further relationship with Neutrophil/ lymphocyte (N/L) ratio was established if any. Increased oxidative stress, inflammation and matrix degradation is evidenced by significant rise in oxidative markers, inflammatory cytokines and MMP9/TIMP-1 ratio. Decreased Cu/Zn ratio is also observed in COVID-19 positive patients. Multivariate analysis identified SOD, Cu/Zn ratio, IL-6 and TOS, as effective discriminant among the two groups of patients. Further, accuracy was confirmed by ROC curves. Neutrophil/ lymphocyte (N/L) ratio, shows significant negative association with SOD (r= -0.75, p < 0.005) and Cu/Zn ratio (r = -0.88, p < 0.005). These data suggest the attributes of these biomarkers in disease severity. The potential use of these blood-based laboratory markers in disease prognosis seems promising and warrants further attention. Given by the symptoms and severity of the disease, it will be promising to monitor Cu/Zn ratio along with other prognostic indicators.</p>","PeriodicalId":13280,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry","volume":"38 2","pages":"193-203"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9446610/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9259278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}