Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry最新文献

{"title":"Effect of <i>Abutilon indicum</i> (L) Extract on Adipogenesis, Lipolysis and Cholesterol Esterase in 3T3-L1 Adipocyte Cell Lines.","authors":"Lavanya Lakshminarayana, V Veeraraghavan, Kuruvalli Gouthami, Renuka Srihari, Prashantha Chowdadenahalli Nagaraja","doi":"10.1007/s12291-022-01022-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12291-022-01022-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Abutilon indicum</i> (L) is an Indian traditional plant used for the treatment of diabetes and heart diseases. The present study is to evaluate the functional of <i>A. indicum</i> leaf extract as insulin like character to inhibit lipolysis and stimulates Adipogenesis activity. The ability of the <i>A. indicum</i> leaf extract in anti-obesity effect of Adipogenesis, lipolysis and cholesterol esterase functions can be predicted by using 3T3-L1 adipocyte cell lines. Substances were isolated from <i>A. indicum</i> leaves and the double filtered crude sample were used for Adipogenesis, lipolysis and cholesterol esterase activity using 3T3-L1 adipocytes at different concentrations. We used differential media-I, differential media-II and maintenance media (MM1) at concentrations of 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 200 and 400 µg/mL respectively. In addition to the extract, there is a significance increase in glycerol release (<i>p</i> < 0.001) compared with crude and reference compounds. Cholesterol esterase activity predicts the IC₅₀ = 27.11 µg/mL of orlistat positive control compare with IC₅₀ = 8.158 µg/mL of crude extract. Based on the observation, <i>A. indicum</i> leaf extract can promotes lipolysis and differentiated adipocytes. It is potentially used as adjuvant in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":13280,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry","volume":"38 1","pages":"22-32"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9852410/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10580743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Search for Uniformity in Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) Reporting.","authors":"Mala Mahto, Ayan Banerjee, Mukunda Kumar, Sushil Kumar, Jagjit Pandey","doi":"10.1007/s12291-021-00970-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12291-021-00970-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Varying reports across different laboratories or across different analysers in the same lab for the same sample is not an uncommon phenomena. Experts call this a lack of harmonization. A test that is harmonized provides the same results regardless of the manufacturer of reagents used or the laboratory where the test is performed. When laboratory tests are not harmonized, the entire continuum of patient care can be affected in a number of ways. Here, we present a case of varying reports for a single serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) sample on two different immunoassay platforms for a young female presenting with an abdominopelvic mass. The lab reports for serum hCG for this particular patient showed inconsistent results with the same sample within the same lab. The phenomena behind this was lack of harmonization of test results. We introspect many of the factors responsible for lack of uniformity in hCG results amongst the major ones being with use of antibodies directed against different epitopes of hCG (analyte) and the heterogeneity of the hCG molecule itself. Harmonization is a process to ensure that different clinical testing procedures used by different laboratories give equivalent results. Harmonizing test results will enable healthcare providers to use clinical guidelines with greater confidence for diagnosing disease and managing patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":13280,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry","volume":"38 1","pages":"142-147"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s12291-021-00970-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10580746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytical Variation Between Two Different TSH Reagents from the Same Manufacturer.","authors":"Sudhesna Mohapatra, Sutirtha Chakraborty","doi":"10.1007/s12291-021-00957-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12291-021-00957-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) immunoassays are known for giving varying results based on the platform of testing and the generation of kit used. It is generally expected that the results should not vary to affect clinical diagnosis and management. We aimed to perform method comparison study between two TSH assays by the same manufacturer Siemens Healthineers. Results show that there is a large proportional error between the assays with a bias of -3.71mIu/L indicating that TSH assay gives higher values for TSH for the same patient as measured against the TSH3-Ultra kit. This can affect interpretation of results leading to false increase in patients categorized under hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism. We strongly suggest, to prevent errors in clinical evaluation of a patient with thyroid dysfunction, validation of the performance of the assay and method comparison should be performed in-house.</p>","PeriodicalId":13280,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry","volume":"38 1","pages":"132-135"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s12291-021-00957-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10585899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study of Maternal and Umbilical Cord Blood Lead Levels in Pregnant Women.","authors":"Abbas Ali Mahdi, Jamal Akhtar Ansari, Priyanka Chaurasia, Mohammad Kaleem Ahmad, Shipra Kunwar, Sally McClean, Pratheepan Yogarajah","doi":"10.1007/s12291-022-01040-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12291-022-01040-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lead is a highly toxic element which can cross the placental barrier and enter the fetus during pregnancy. Parental lead exposure has adverse effect on infant as well as on maternal health. As part of our program to investigate the lead poisoning in human population we investigated the maternal blood lead levels (MBLL) and umbilical cord blood lead (UBLL) levels in 200 pregnant women and collected their socio-demographic details. In the study we found high lead levels in both maternal and umbilical cord blood samples. The results showed 47.5% maternal blood (<i>n</i> = 95) detected with lead while 38.5% umbilical cord blood (<i>n</i> = 77) samples had lead concentration higher than that of reference range of ≤ 5 µg/dL. We also found that the Spearman's correlation coefficient (rs) revealed a strong positive correlation between the MBLL and UBLL (rs = 0.63). The results from socio-demographic questionnaire demonstrated that the recent home painting (<i>p</i> = 0.002) and residing close proximity to traffic congestion (<i>p</i> = 0.05) were significantly associated with MBLL. Education, mother age, fuel and water sources were not significantly associated with MBLL. Iron and calcium deficiency along with tiredness, lethargy, abdominal pain were also reported in women having high lead level > 5 µg/dL. Concludingly, on the basis of results obtained it may be stated that we found elevated BLLs in both pregnant women as well as in umbilical cord blood. The prevalence of elevated lead levels in mothers will expose the fetus to lead through placental barriers mobilization and it can have long term adverse effects on the developing fetus. Therefore, it is recommended that screening of blood lead levels be carried out in high-risk women based on their social, occupational, environmental, and individual factors. In addition, stringent regulations on lead-based products are also required from government agencies/authorities to reduce environmental lead burden and toxicity. Moreover, public awareness programs should be organized on hazardous effect of lead.</p>","PeriodicalId":13280,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry","volume":"38 1","pages":"94-101"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9852413/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10585901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnesium Supplementation Affects the Expression of Sirtuin1, Tumor Protein P53 and Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Genes in Patients with Atherosclerosis: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial.","authors":"Behnaz Rahnama Inchehsablagh, Farhad Ghadiri Soufi, Shabnaz Koochakkhani, Fariba Azarkish, Hossein Farshidi, Mahdiye Eslami, Masoumeh Mahmoodi, Nepton Soltani, Ebrahim Eftekhar","doi":"10.1007/s12291-022-01032-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12291-022-01032-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Magnesium seems to play a role in improving cardiovascular function, but its exact mechanism is unknown. In this study, we hypothesized that magnesium could modulate the expression of genes involved in atherosclerosis. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the effect of magnesium sulfate on the expression of sirtuin1 (SIRT1), tumor protein p53 (TP53), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) genes in patients with atherosclerosis. This study was a placebo-controlled double-blind randomized clinical trial on 56 patients with angiographically proven atherosclerosis. Participants were randomly divided into two groups receiving 300 mg/day magnesium sulfate (n = 29) and placebo (n = 27) for three months (following up every month). Fasting blood samples were taken before and after the intervention and total RNA was extracted and used to evaluate the expression level of SIRT1, TP53, and eNOS genes by Real-Time PCR. The expression of eNOS gene was significantly increased (<i>P</i> < 0.0001) and the expression of TP53 gene was decreased (<i>P</i> = 0.02) in the magnesium sulfate group compared to the placebo group. But SIRT1 gene expression was not significantly different between the two groups. Our findings demonstrate that magnesium sulfate supplementation may have a protective role against the progression of atherosclerosis through upregulation of eNOS and downregulation of TP53 gene. <b>Trial registration</b>: This present clinical trial has been registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) with the registration code of \"IRCT20151028024756N3\", https://www.irct.ir/trial/29097?revision=114102. Registered on 16 December 2019.</p>","PeriodicalId":13280,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry","volume":"38 1","pages":"59-66"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9852374/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10585905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dysregulation of Synaptic Plasticity Markers in Schizophrenia.","authors":"Neha Keshri, Hanumanthappa Nandeesha","doi":"10.1007/s12291-022-01068-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12291-022-01068-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by cognitive impairment resulting in compromised quality of life. Since the regulation of synaptic plasticity has functional implications in various aspects of cognition such as learning, memory, and neural circuit maturation, the dysregulation of synaptic plasticity is considered as a pathobiological feature of schizophrenia. The findings from our recently concluded studies indicate that there is an alteration in levels of synaptic plasticity markers such as neural cell adhesion molecule-1 (NCAM-1), Neurotropin-3 (NT-3) and Matrix-mettaloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in schizophrenia patients. The objective of the present article is to review the role of markers of synaptic plasticity in schizophrenia. PubMed database (http;//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed) was used to perform an extensive literature search using the keywords schizophrenia and synaptic plasticity. We conclude that markers of synaptic plasticity are altered in schizophrenia and may lead to complications of schizophrenia including cognitive dysfunction.</p>","PeriodicalId":13280,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry","volume":"38 1","pages":"4-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9852406/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10578521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal Serum Zinc, Copper, Magnesium, and Iron in Spontaneous Abortions.","authors":"Sairoz, Krishnananda Prabhu, Vidyashree G Poojari, Sahana Shetty, Mahadeva Rao, Asha Kamath","doi":"10.1007/s12291-022-01043-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12291-022-01043-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Twenty five percent of pregnant women have some degree of vaginal bleeding during the first trimester, and about 50% of those pregnancies end in spontaneous abortion (SA) because the fetus is not developing typically. As studies have reported that inadequacies of trace metals such as Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Magnesium (Mg) can predispose to various adverse pregnancy outcomes (PO); multiple micronutrient (MMN) supplementations are given without justifying their deficiency and toxicities on the fetus. Earlier studies on effects of MMN supplementations during pregnancy have not considered the need, duration, dose, and time of initiation of supplementations leading to inconclusive results. So, there is a need to optimize this to prevent their abuse and side effects. This study can help in establishing critical cut-offs of these minerals in maternal serum that can forecast future pregnancy outcomes. Study measured the serum Zn, Cu, Mg, and Fe in pregnant women who presented with (<i>n</i> = 80) and without (<i>n</i> = 100) SA at 5-2 weeks of pregnancy using iron -ferrozine method, magnesium-calmagite method, zinc reaction with nitro-PAPS, copper reaction with Di-Br- PAESA methods, respectively. Data analyzed using the student t test and cutoff value was established using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) by SPSS software. Maternal serum Cu, Mg, Fe, and Zn levels measured were significantly lower in SA as compared to that of controls (<i>p</i> < 0.005) (Fig. 1) and maternal age and Body mass index were not statistically significant different among study group. Maternal serum Cu, Mg, Zn and Iron (Fe) measured in 5-12 weeks of pregnancy has the potential to forecast future occurrence of SA. The study has been registered under \"The Clinical Trials Registry- India (CTRI),\" -REF/2020/01/030393.</p>","PeriodicalId":13280,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry","volume":"38 1","pages":"128-131"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9852411/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10578523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal and Newborn Blood Aluminum Levels and Neurodevelopment of Infants: Is there a Need for Concern?","authors":"Dolat Singh Shekhawat, Pratibha Singh, Vikash Chandra Janu, Praveen Sharma, Kuldeep Singh","doi":"10.1007/s12291-021-01002-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12291-021-01002-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aluminum is a neurotoxic element that enters the human body due to its widespread usage in daily life. It has the potential to affect the neurological development of the fetus and infant adversely. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between maternal and umbilical cord serum aluminum level and infant neurodevelopment. Over a period of March 2018 to September 2019, we conducted a prospective cohort study; 173 Mother-new-born pairs were enrolled. Aluminum levels were measured using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). The correlation with Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID) -3rd edition score and maternal and cord serum aluminum were assessed via linear regression model. The mean concentration of maternal and cord serum aluminum was 2.58 ± 1.14 µg/dL and 1.44 ± 0.62 µg/dL, respectively. There was a significant correlation in aluminum level between maternal and umbilical cord serum (Pearson's r = 0.591, p < 0.000). There is no significant correlation between maternal and serum aluminum level, and BSID-3^rd edition (cognitive, motor, language, and social-emotion) score at the average age of 6.5 months. In conclusion, maternal and cord serum aluminum levels were significantly correlated but did not correlate with infant neurodevelopment. Thus, low serum aluminum concentration and their association with child neurodevelopment deserve further investigation longitudinally in a large cohort.</p><p><strong>Graphical abstract: </strong></p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12291-021-01002-y.</p>","PeriodicalId":13280,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry","volume":"38 1","pages":"136-141"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9852372/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10585903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of C4b as an adjunct marker in symptomatic RT-PCR negative Covid-19 cases.","authors":"Bandana Kumari,&nbsp;Krishnan Hajela,&nbsp;Asgar Ali,&nbsp;Abhay Kumar Sharma,&nbsp;Rajesh Kumar Yadav,&nbsp;Alok Ranjan,&nbsp;Rathish Nair,&nbsp;Shreekant Bharti,&nbsp;Satish Dipankar,&nbsp;Prabhat Kumar Singh,&nbsp;Sadhana Sharma","doi":"10.1007/s12291-022-01033-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12291-022-01033-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Detecting low viral load has been a challenge in this pandemic, which has led to its escalated transmission. Complement activation has been implicated in pathogenesis of Covid-19 infection. Thus, evaluation of complement activation in suspected Covid-19 infection may help to detect infection and limit false negative cases thus limiting transmission of infection. We speculate that measuring C4b, produced from an activated complement system due to the presence of Covid-19 may help in its detection, even when the viral titers are low.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Plasma C4b levels of symptomatic RT-PCR positive patients (cases, n = 40); symptomatic RT-PCR negative patients (n = 35) and asymptomatic RT-PCR negative controls (n = 40) were evaluated. Plasma C5b-9, IL-6, D-dimer and C1-Inhibitor (C1-INH) were also measured in cases and controls. ELISA kits were used for all measurements. Statistical analyses were carried out using Stata, version 12 (Stata Corp., Texas, USA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>C4b levels were found to be significantly increased in RT-PCR positive patients as compared to asymptomatic RT-PCR negative controls. RT-PCR negative but symptomatic patients still showed increased C4b levels. The significantly higher levels of C4b in cases with a cut-off value of ≥ 116 ng/ml with optimum sensitivity and specificity of 80% and 52% respectively is indicative of its possible use as an adjunct marker. Increased levels of D-dimer, IL6, along with decreased levels of C1-INH were found in cases compared to controls. Whereas, C5b-9 levels were not significantly raised in cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results of our study suggests that plasma C4b may help to detect infection in false negative cases of RT-PCR that escape detection owing to low viral load. However, to confirm it a large-scale study is needed.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12291-022-01033-z.</p>","PeriodicalId":13280,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry","volume":"38 1","pages":"102-109"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9207170/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9120313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Klotho Protein in Neuropsychiatric Disorders: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Amandeep Birdi, Sojit Tomo, Dharmveer Yadav, Praveen Sharma, Naresh Nebhinani, Prasenjit Mitra, Mithu Banerjee, Purvi Purohit","doi":"10.1007/s12291-022-01078-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12291-022-01078-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuropsychiatric disorders are comprised of diseases having both the neurological and psychiatric manifestations. The increasing burden of the disease on the population worldwide makes it necessary to adopt measures to decrease the prevalence. The Klotho is a single pass transmembrane protein that decreases with age, has been associated with various pathological diseases, like reduced bone mineral density, cardiac problems and cognitive impairment. However, multiple studies have explored its role in different neuropsychiatric disorders. A comprehensive search was undertaken in the Pubmed database for articles with the keywords \"Klotho\" and \"neuropsychiatric disorders\". The available literature, based on the above search strategy, has been compiled in this brief narrative review to describe the emerging role of Klotho in various neuropsychiatric disorders. The Klotho levels were decreased in various neuropsychiatric disorders except for bipolar disorder. A suppressed Klotho protein levels induced oxidative stress and incited pro-inflammatory conditions significantly contributing to the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorder. The increasing evidence of altered Klotho protein levels in cognition-decrement-related disorders warrants its consideration as a biomarker in various neuropsychiatric diseases. However, further evidence is required to understand its role as a therapeutic target.</p>","PeriodicalId":13280,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry","volume":"38 1","pages":"13-21"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9852376/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10580745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}