Magnesium Supplementation Affects the Expression of Sirtuin1, Tumor Protein P53 and Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Genes in Patients with Atherosclerosis: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Magnesium seems to play a role in improving cardiovascular function, but its exact mechanism is unknown. In this study, we hypothesized that magnesium could modulate the expression of genes involved in atherosclerosis. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the effect of magnesium sulfate on the expression of sirtuin1 (SIRT1), tumor protein p53 (TP53), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) genes in patients with atherosclerosis. This study was a placebo-controlled double-blind randomized clinical trial on 56 patients with angiographically proven atherosclerosis. Participants were randomly divided into two groups receiving 300 mg/day magnesium sulfate (n = 29) and placebo (n = 27) for three months (following up every month). Fasting blood samples were taken before and after the intervention and total RNA was extracted and used to evaluate the expression level of SIRT1, TP53, and eNOS genes by Real-Time PCR. The expression of eNOS gene was significantly increased (P < 0.0001) and the expression of TP53 gene was decreased (P = 0.02) in the magnesium sulfate group compared to the placebo group. But SIRT1 gene expression was not significantly different between the two groups. Our findings demonstrate that magnesium sulfate supplementation may have a protective role against the progression of atherosclerosis through upregulation of eNOS and downregulation of TP53 gene. Trial registration: This present clinical trial has been registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) with the registration code of "IRCT20151028024756N3", https://www.irct.ir/trial/29097?revision=114102. Registered on 16 December 2019.