IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques最新文献_第3页

Design of RF PAs Using PSO Algorithm With Dynamic Nonlinear Self-Adaptive Hyperparameters

IF 4.1 1区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques Pub Date : 2024-12-27 DOI: 10.1109/TMTT.2024.3520173

Zhiming Fan;Zefang Hao;Benhao Jin;Chao Yu;Jialin Cai

{"title":"Design of RF PAs Using PSO Algorithm With Dynamic Nonlinear Self-Adaptive Hyperparameters","authors":"Zhiming Fan;Zefang Hao;Benhao Jin;Chao Yu;Jialin Cai","doi":"10.1109/TMTT.2024.3520173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2024.3520173","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, a new particle swarm optimization (PSO) method with dynamic nonlinear self-adaptive hyperparameters (DNSHs) (PSO-DNSHs) is proposed for radio frequency (RF) power amplifier (PA) design. The theory and advantages of this method are described and analyzed. Based on the proposed PSO-DNSH method, a multioctave PA and a broadband pseudo-Doherty load-modulation balance amplifier (PD-LMBA) are designed. The multioctave single-ended PA achieves an output power exceeding 40.3 dBm, a drain efficiency greater than 60.9%, and a gain of over 10.3 dB between 0.5 and 3.6 GHz. While the broadband PD-LMBA shows a saturated output power of 41.1–43 dBm, a saturation drain efficiency of 57.7%–77.6%, a 6-dB output power back-off (OBO) DE of 47.3%–64.6%, and a 10-dB OBO DE of 51.2%–68.4%. Compared with other existing PSO-based methods, the results demonstrate that the proposed method not only achieves better performance for both PAs, but also shows faster convergence capability. Modulated signal tests along with the digital predistortion (DPD) are also conducted for both PAs, 20-MHz 5G new radio (NR) signal with 6- and 10-dB peak-to-average power ratios (PAPRs) are used for single-ended PA and PD-LMBA, respectively. Excellent linearity is achieved for both PAs.","PeriodicalId":13272,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","volume":"73 4","pages":"2157-2169"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143808926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

FMCW Radar Vibration Measurement Using Sub-Chirp Group Multicircle Fitting With PCA-Based Solution Space Constraints

IF 4.1 1区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques Pub Date : 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1109/TMTT.2024.3487518

Mingxuan He;Xuan Yang;Chang-Hong Fu;Li Zhang;Hong Hong

{"title":"FMCW Radar Vibration Measurement Using Sub-Chirp Group Multicircle Fitting With PCA-Based Solution Space Constraints","authors":"Mingxuan He;Xuan Yang;Chang-Hong Fu;Li Zhang;Hong Hong","doi":"10.1109/TMTT.2024.3487518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2024.3487518","url":null,"abstract":"Vibration measurements are pivotal across diverse domains, including industrial environments, medical care, and civil engineering. Non-contact measurement methods offer distinct advantages over their contact counterparts by circumventing equipment intrusion and minimizing interference with the target. This preservation of the target’s movement process from external disturbances ensures measurement accuracy and stability. However, existing non-contact microdisplacement measurement technologies grapple with a trade-off between accuracy and efficiency. To address this challenge, our study leverages linear frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar to obtain insights from sub-chirp group investigations and analyzes the impact of extending the arc in circle fitting. Our method, termed sub-chirp group multicircle fitting (SCGMCF), estimates the circles associated with sub-chirps in a comprehensive manner. This modification significantly improves the accuracy and efficiency of amplitude measurement for microdisplacement vibration. In our method, we also propose a principal component analysis (PCA)-based method to constrain the solution space within the I/Q domain. By considering aspects of direction, amplitude, and noise, this approach enhances static component elimination and mitigates phase collapse. Furthermore, experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our methods, revealing successful extraction of movement processes under low vibration amplitudes of 30 <inline-formula> <tex-math>$mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>m, with runtime reduced by more than 90%.","PeriodicalId":13272,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","volume":"73 3","pages":"1329-1344"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Wideband 131–173-GHz Five Frequency-Channel 2 × 40-Gb/s Dual-Receiver for Point-to-Point Communication Systems in RFSOI

IF 4.1 1区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques Pub Date : 2024-12-19 DOI: 10.1109/TMTT.2024.3514691

Ahmed Afifi;Amr Ahmed;Gabriel M. Rebeiz

{"title":"A Wideband 131–173-GHz Five Frequency-Channel 2 × 40-Gb/s Dual-Receiver for Point-to-Point Communication Systems in RFSOI","authors":"Ahmed Afifi;Amr Ahmed;Gabriel M. Rebeiz","doi":"10.1109/TMTT.2024.3514691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2024.3514691","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents an ultrawideband 131–173-GHz dual-channel receiver implemented in GlobalFoundaries 45RFSOI technology for sub-THz sixth-generation (6G) applications. This system employs two V/H channels, each consisting of three-stage LNAs, a mixer, and an IF amplifier, and with a <inline-formula> <tex-math>$times 6$ </tex-math></inline-formula> local oscillator (LO) frequency multiplier to reduce the chip LO input frequency to 17–23 GHz. The receiver achieves a state-of-the-art minimum NF of 5.7 dB with a gain of 24.4 dB, an <inline-formula> <tex-math>$text {IP}_{1text {dB}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of −32.5 to −28 dBm, and an IIP3 of −21 to −20 dBm. A maximum data rate of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$2 times 40$ </tex-math></inline-formula> Gb/s is achieved with 32 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) modulation and error vector magnitudes (EVMs) of 13.5%, 11.3%, 9.8%, 10.3%, and 10.8% in 8-GHz frequency bands centered at 136, 144, 152, 160, and 168 GHz, respectively. The chip core area is <inline-formula> <tex-math>$0.77~text {mm}^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and consumes 297, with 179 mW consumed in the LO path. To the authors’ knowledge, this work achieves the lowest NF across a wide frequency range among other D-band fully integrated receive channels.","PeriodicalId":13272,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","volume":"73 4","pages":"2050-2060"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143800850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Preclinical System Prototype and Experimental Validation of Focused Microwave Brain Hyperthermia

IF 4.1 1区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques Pub Date : 2024-12-18 DOI: 10.1109/TMTT.2024.3482986

Zijun Xi;Jiaqi Feng;Ke Ye;Dantong Liu;Xuanyu Wang;Xiaoqiang Wang;Xiong Wang

{"title":"A Preclinical System Prototype and Experimental Validation of Focused Microwave Brain Hyperthermia","authors":"Zijun Xi;Jiaqi Feng;Ke Ye;Dantong Liu;Xuanyu Wang;Xiaoqiang Wang;Xiong Wang","doi":"10.1109/TMTT.2024.3482986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2024.3482986","url":null,"abstract":"Focused microwave hyperthermia is a noninvasive, non-ionizing, and accurate treatment method that is promising for dealing with many kinds of cancers. Although focused microwave brain hyperthermia (FMBH) has been studied by some previous works, experimental evaluation of this technique in a practical experimental context has not been reported. This article aims to address this issue by developing a preclinical system prototype of FMBH and performing systematic experimental evaluation using several realistic head phantoms. We designed a 1.3-GHz hyperthermia applicator with 17 antennas and built nine different head phantoms based on a real human skull. We perform electromagnetic and thermal simulations and prove that the designed applicator can reliably achieve a good focused field and <inline-formula> <tex-math>$45~^{circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>C temperature at the tumor. We then realize the FMBH system prototype and experimentally test the performance by applying fabricated 3-D head phantoms. The measured temperature results demonstrate that the FMBH system prototype is able to selectively treat the tumor. We also prove that the temperature at the tumor can be controlled at a constant level for a demanded time period for hyperthermia. This work provides a valuable experimental demonstration of the FMBH technique and is meaningful for its future development and clinical applications.","PeriodicalId":13272,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","volume":"73 2","pages":"1147-1157"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143361404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multiobjective Distributed Beamforming Using High-Accuracy Synchronization and Localization

IF 4.1 1区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques Pub Date : 2024-12-13 DOI: 10.1109/TMTT.2024.3479074

Ahona Bhattacharyya;Jeffrey A. Nanzer

{"title":"Multiobjective Distributed Beamforming Using High-Accuracy Synchronization and Localization","authors":"Ahona Bhattacharyya;Jeffrey A. Nanzer","doi":"10.1109/TMTT.2024.3479074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2024.3479074","url":null,"abstract":"We present a multinode, multiobjective open-loop microwave distributed beamforming system based on high-accuracy wireless synchronization and localization. Distributed beamforming requires accurate coordination of the spatial and electrical states of the individual elements within the array to achieve and maintain coherent beamforming at intended destinations. Of the basic coordination aspects, time synchronization and localization of the elements are among the most critical to support beamforming of modulated waveforms to destinations in both the near-field and far-field relative to the array. In this work, we demonstrate multiobjective distributed beamforming from a three-node software-defined radio distributed phased array system that leverages high-accuracy wireless time coordination for both time synchronization and 2-D localization of the elements. We use a spectrally sparse two-tone waveform for high-accuracy internode range estimation combined with a linear frequency-modulated waveform to mitigate multipath interference. Localization is performed in a centralized format, where one node is designated as the origin and the remaining nodes build the array geometry relative to the origin, from which we obtain localization accuracy of less than 1 cm. We implement a near-field multiobjective beamformer based on the location estimates, which enables simultaneous steering of a beam and a null to two receiving antennas. Multiobjective beamforming of pulsed waveforms at a carrier frequency of 2.1GHz is demonstrated in cases where one of the nodes in the distributed antenna array is moved, and where the targets (the two receiving antennas) are moved, demonstrating multiobjective with steerable beamforming and displacement of the array elements.","PeriodicalId":13272,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","volume":"73 4","pages":"2404-2413"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143808998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Design of Compact Bidirectional Amplifier Utilizing Transformers-Stacking Technique 利用变压器叠加技术设计紧凑型双向放大器

IF 4.1 1区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques Pub Date : 2024-12-11 DOI: 10.1109/TMTT.2024.3506735

Jian Zhang;Ming Zhai;Dawei Wang;Yichen Liu;Xiangjie Yi;Ruitao Wang;Wei Zhu;Yan Wang

{"title":"Design of Compact Bidirectional Amplifier Utilizing Transformers-Stacking Technique","authors":"Jian Zhang;Ming Zhai;Dawei Wang;Yichen Liu;Xiangjie Yi;Ruitao Wang;Wei Zhu;Yan Wang","doi":"10.1109/TMTT.2024.3506735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2024.3506735","url":null,"abstract":"Extremely high cost and form factors have become the most important reason limiting the promotion of large-scale phased-array systems for fifth-generation communication and K-/Ka-band satellite communication (SATCOM). This article presents a novel topology of ultracompact bidirectional amplifiers utilizing transformers-stacking techniques for low-cost large-scale phased arrays. In contrast to conventional bidirectional amplifier structures, this article proposes a more scalable bidirectional topology, which utilizes a magnetic self-canceling technique to stack the low-noise amplifier (LNA) into the power amplifier (PA) completely, realizing the function of the bidirectional amplifier with negligible performance penalty. In order to verify the proposed technique, the first bidirectional amplifier whose LNA mode and PA mode can work in different bands is implemented in a 45-nm CMOS SOI process for the K-/Ka-band SATCOM system. This design achieves 18.3-dBm peak saturated output power (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$P_{text {sat}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and 15.9-dBm peak 1-dB compression output power (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$rm {OP}_{1,text {dB}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) in the Ka-band PA mode while maintaining a minimum noise figure (NF) of 2.46 dB in the K-band LNA mode. Furthermore, a notch filter is integrated into the three-winding transformer-based transmit/receive switches (TRSWs) to suppress the sidelobe of TX and avoid performance deterioration of the RX. Benefiting from the integration of a build-in-self notch filter, the proposed design has good gain suppression (>45 dB) to block the interferer from other TX chips in the LNA mode. The core size of this proposed design is only 0.14 mm2, which is only 20%–50% of the size occupied in conventional works.","PeriodicalId":13272,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","volume":"73 4","pages":"1951-1963"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143800977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Watt-Level, 3.3-V Triple-Stack Switched Capacitor Digital PA in FinFET Technology

IF 4.1 1区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques Pub Date : 2024-12-09 DOI: 10.1109/TMTT.2024.3509493

Naor R. Shay;Eran Socher;Ofir Degani

{"title":"A Watt-Level, 3.3-V Triple-Stack Switched Capacitor Digital PA in FinFET Technology","authors":"Naor R. Shay;Eran Socher;Ofir Degani","doi":"10.1109/TMTT.2024.3509493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2024.3509493","url":null,"abstract":"This work proposes and analyzes a new circuit topology that enables reliable triple-transistor stacking in the switched-capacitor digital power amplifier (SC-DPA) working from a 3.3-V supply, about three times the process maximum allowed voltage across the transistor nodes (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$V_{D,text {Max}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>). The proposed topology employs capacitive feedback (CF) to meet device voltage constraints. Higher supply voltage usage results in reduced supply ripples and improved memory effects while allowing higher power watt-level SC-DPA. A 5–7-GHz, dual-core Doherty-like combining SC-DPA prototype was implemented and integrated into an all-digital polar transmitter (DPTX) using 16-nm FinFET CMOS technology. The SC-DPA demonstrates a maximum power (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$P_{max }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>)/power efficiency (PE) of 30.15 dBm/34.7% at 5.2 GHz. An error vector magnitude (EVM)/power consumption of −38 dB/830 mW is measured at 6.1-GHz and 9-dB BO (dBBO) from <inline-formula> <tex-math>$P_{max }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, thus meeting MCS13 4096-QAM OFDM Wi-Fi7 requirement. The high-temperature operating life (HTOL) accelerating aging test was performed showing the ability to meet the expected lifetime of the device with only 0.5-dB <inline-formula> <tex-math>$P_{max }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> degradation.","PeriodicalId":13272,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","volume":"73 4","pages":"1964-1974"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143800943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Compact High-Gain D-Band LNA With Lossy Gain-Boosting Core Based on Slow-Wave Feedback

IF 4.1 1区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques Pub Date : 2024-12-09 DOI: 10.1109/TMTT.2024.3508775

Yun Qian;Yizhu Shen;Yifan Ding;Xinge Huang;Sanming Hu

{"title":"A Compact High-Gain D-Band LNA With Lossy Gain-Boosting Core Based on Slow-Wave Feedback","authors":"Yun Qian;Yizhu Shen;Yifan Ding;Xinge Huang;Sanming Hu","doi":"10.1109/TMTT.2024.3508775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2024.3508775","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a CMOS D-band low-noise amplifier (LNA) employing a lossy gain-boosting core with slow-wave feedback. By accounting for the practical losses of the embedding elements, the proposed lossy gain-boosting core achieves a more reliable and precise maximum available gain (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$G_{mathrm {ma}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) than ideal lossless models. Each common-source (CS) stage effectively leverages the gain-boosting core for promoting <inline-formula> <tex-math>$G_{mathrm {ma}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> while maintaining the unconditional stability of the LNA. Depending on the analysis of two noisy networks in parallel, the gain-boosting core also facilitates simultaneous noise and input matching. Through an in-depth discussion on the impact of the Q-factors of the embedding elements, slow-wave feedback featuring low loss and high characteristic impedance is applied to further promote gain and noise with a compact footprint. To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed configuration, a three-stage LNA is implemented in a 40-nm bulk CMOS and measured. The fabricated LNA achieves a measured power gain of 18.4 dB, and a minimum in-band noise figure (NF) of 6.1 dB. In addition, the proposed LNA consumes only 17.1 mW of power and occupies a compact core area of 0.057 mm2.","PeriodicalId":13272,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","volume":"73 4","pages":"1912-1923"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143800972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

IEEE Open Access Publishing IEEE开放获取出版

IF 4.1 1区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques Pub Date : 2024-12-05 DOI: 10.1109/TMTT.2024.3501694

引用次数: 0

Connect. Support. Inspire. 连接。支持。激发。

IF 4.1 1区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques Pub Date : 2024-12-05 DOI: 10.1109/TMTT.2024.3501692

引用次数: 0