{"title":"Demonstration of 200-m Wireless Transmission in Photonics-Aided Terahertz 2 × 2 MIMO System Utilizing MRC Technology for OFDM Signals","authors":"Weidong Tong;Junjie Ding;Min Zhu;Bingchang Hua;Yuancheng Cai;Mingzheng Lei;Jiao Zhang;Yikai Wang;Junhao Zhang;Xiaoguang Yang;Zhifeng Xie;Xingyu Chen;Jianjun Yu","doi":"10.1109/TMTT.2024.3507832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2024.3507832","url":null,"abstract":"The photonics-aided terahertz (THz) signal generation method has the advantages of large available bandwidth and easy integration with fiber optic networks. However, THz wireless transmission has drawbacks, including spreading loss and absorption loss, resulting from its high-frequency characteristics, which considerably restrict the transmission distance. It is essential to use antenna diversity methods, such as multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology, to combat these impacts. Meanwhile, an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme is employed to resist dispersion effects in fiber optic links and multipath fading in wireless links. Discrete Fourier transform-spread (DFT-s) technology reduces the PAPR of OFDM signal and alleviates high-frequency power attenuation. Furthermore, an advanced post-DFT maximum ratio combination (MRC) algorithm combined with a <inline-formula> <tex-math>$2times 2$ </tex-math></inline-formula> MIMO structure is designed for DFT-s OFDM wireless transmission to fully utilize spatial dimension resources to improve signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Therefore, we experimentally demonstrate photonics-aided THz <inline-formula> <tex-math>$2times 2$ </tex-math></inline-formula> MIMO 200-m wireless transmission at 300 GHz. The 16/64QAM DFT-s OFDM signals are successfully transmitted at the 99-/137-Gbit/s net rate. The SNR gain between <inline-formula> <tex-math>$2times 2$ </tex-math></inline-formula> MIMO and <inline-formula> <tex-math>$1times 1$ </tex-math></inline-formula> SISO can be up to 5.1 dB. It is the first experimental demonstration of antenna diversity technology applied to the photonics-aided THz <inline-formula> <tex-math>$2times 2$ </tex-math></inline-formula> MIMO transmission system, contributing to large-capacity and long-distance THz wireless communication.","PeriodicalId":13272,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","volume":"73 7","pages":"4086-4095"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144550255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High Isolation Multichannel Microwave Photonic Mixer With Linearity Enhancement and Phase Tunability","authors":"Weiheng Wang;Xiuyou Han;Jiayao Wang;Yiying Gu;Mingshan Zhao","doi":"10.1109/TMTT.2024.3506814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2024.3506814","url":null,"abstract":"A high local oscillator (LO) isolation multichannel microwave photonic mixer with linearity enhancement and phase tunability is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The leakage of LO signal caused by the residual optical carrier of the carrier-suppressed modulation severely impacts the communication quality of the microwave photonic multichannel upconversion system. In the proposed mixer, the LO signal and the intermediate frequency (IF) signal are individually modulated in the form of carrier-suppressed single sideband (CS-SSB) with orthogonal polarization. By aligning the polarization direction of the two CS-SSB signals with the polarizer, their residual optical carriers cancel with each other, thereby facilitating the high LO isolation. Furthermore, the polarization control can introduce a tunable phase difference between the two polarized beams, enabling phase tunability of upconverted signal after photodetection. Owing to the CS-SSB modulation form, the LO and IF sidebands can be amplified efficiently in the optical domain, which results in the linearity enhancement of upconversion. A proof-of-concept experiment is carried out with results showing that a carrier-to-sideband ratio (CSR) of −45.1 dB and an upconversion isolation of 50.4 dB are realized. The spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) of subchannel is enhanced by 15.1 dB. A three-channel upconversion of the IF signals with the same frequency without interchannel crosstalk and the capability of phase shifting for subchannel are demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":13272,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","volume":"73 7","pages":"4218-4226"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144550556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Connect. Support. Inspire.","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TMTT.2024.3501692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2024.3501692","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13272,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","volume":"72 12","pages":"7092-7092"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10780440","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142777589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques Publication Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TMTT.2024.3500998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2024.3500998","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13272,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","volume":"72 12","pages":"C2-C2"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10780439","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142777862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IEEE Open Access Publishing","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TMTT.2024.3501694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2024.3501694","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13272,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","volume":"72 12","pages":"7091-7091"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10780436","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142777766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"DC-to-150 GHz Bandwidth InP HBT Mixer Module With Upper-Sideband Gain-Enhancing Function","authors":"Teruo Jyo;Munehiko Nagatani;Hitoshi Wakita;Miwa Mutoh;Yuta Shiratori;Hiroyuki Takahashi","doi":"10.1109/TMTT.2024.3509695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2024.3509695","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a wideband (WB) mixer module for next-generation optical communications. The mixer module includes 0.8- and 1-mm coaxial connector interfaces and implements an active mixer IC fabricated using indium phosphide (InP) double hetero-junction bipolar transistor (DHBT) technology. For the mixer IC, we devised an upper-sideband (USB) gain-enhancing technique using a common-mode-gain boosted differential pair and differential local oscillator (LO) signals with a phase offset. The fabricated mixer module achieved a conversion gain (CG) of −4 dB and an RF bandwidth of 150 GHz, from direct current (dc) to 150 GHz, which is the widest bandwidth ever reported.","PeriodicalId":13272,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","volume":"73 7","pages":"3827-3835"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10778443","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144550559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques Information for Authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TMTT.2024.3500996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2024.3500996","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13272,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","volume":"72 12","pages":"C3-C3"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10780438","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142777544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Closed-Form Matrix Solution for High-Order Wave Reflection in an Open-Ended Coaxial Line for Rapid Dielectric Spectroscopy","authors":"Hossein Asilian Bidgoli;Nicola Schieda;Carlos Rossa","doi":"10.1109/TMTT.2024.3508767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2024.3508767","url":null,"abstract":"Permittivity spectroscopy using open-ended coaxial probes for material characterization has applications in various fields, including biomedical engineering. The frequency-dependent permittivity of a material is extracted from the measured reflection coefficient through a coaxial probe. Current models that relate the reflection coefficient to the dielectric properties of the material struggle to balance accuracy and computational efficiency, limiting their utility in near real-time applications. This article introduces a novel matrix-based closed-form solution of the reflection coefficient of an open-ended coaxial probe. The approach combines full-wave analysis with a Taylor series expansion, leading to a straightforward matrix calculation. By reformulating the forward problem to decouple the material properties from the geometric properties of the probe, the required numerical integral only needs to be calculated once for each probe geometry. This significantly reduces computational time while providing similar or greater accuracy than existing methods. The model has been validated experimentally using two coaxial probes and four reference liquids, achieving an average error of 3.15%. Further validation through 9600 simulations in Ansys HFSS demonstrated an average error of 2.9%. When applied to inverse problems for estimating material permittivity, the model exhibited an average error of 4.35% while being 376 times faster than existing state-of-the-art models, with similar or enhanced accuracy. These advancements facilitate real-time, full-wave permittivity spectroscopy, offering substantial benefits for medical diagnostics and monitoring.","PeriodicalId":13272,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","volume":"73 7","pages":"3919-3929"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144550737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Waveguide Receiver Array for Joint Communication, Sensing, and Power Transfer Systems","authors":"Jie Deng;Pascal Burasa;Seyed Ali Keivaan;Ke Wu","doi":"10.1109/TMTT.2024.3505842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2024.3505842","url":null,"abstract":"This article introduces, for the first time, a waveguide receiver array tailored for joint communication, sensing power, and transfer systems. The receiver utilizes an orthomode transducer (OMT) to achieve polarization diversity, effectively doubling channel capacity and enhancing spectral efficiency without adding circuit complexity or increasing the number of components compared to traditional single-polarization designs. In addition, the receiver integrates a differential rectifier, fabricated using 65-nm bulk CMOS technology, to enable wireless power transfer. This integration allows the system to support both wireless communication and energy harvesting simultaneously. A mathematical model is developed to guide the receiver’s design. To validate the concept, a prototype receiver is fabricated and tested. The receiver successfully generates dc power from a 28-GHz wireless power transfer signal, achieving a peak power conversion efficiency (PCE) of up to 18%. Furthermore, it successfully demodulates a range of M-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signals, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed design. These results position the multifunctional receiver array as a promising solution for millimeter-wave Internet of Things (IoT) applications.","PeriodicalId":13272,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","volume":"73 7","pages":"4204-4217"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144550458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Shared-Aperture Dual-Band Sub-6 GHz and mmWave Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface With Independent Operation","authors":"Junhui Rao;Yujie Zhang;Shiwen Tang;Zan Li;Zhaoyang Ming;Jichen Zhang;Chi-Yuk Chiu;Ross Murch","doi":"10.1109/TMTT.2024.3506218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2024.3506218","url":null,"abstract":"A novel dual-band independent reconfigurable intelligent surface (DBI-RIS) design that combines the functionalities of millimeter-wave (mmWave) and sub-6-GHz bands within a single aperture is proposed. This design aims to bridge the gap between current single-band RISs and wireless systems utilizing sub-6-GHz and mmWave bands that require RIS with independently reconfigurable dual-band operation. The mmWave element is realized by a double-layer patch antenna loaded with 1-bit phase shifters, providing two reconfigurable states. An <inline-formula> <tex-math>$8times 8$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mmWave element array is selectively interconnected using three RF switches to form a reconfigurable sub-6-GHz element at 3.5 GHz. A suspended electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structure is proposed to suppress surface waves and ensure sufficient geometric space for the phase shifter and control networks in the mmWave element. A low-cost planar spiral inductor (PSI) is carefully optimized to connect mmWave elements, enabling the sub-6-GHz function without affecting mmWave operation. Finally, the prototypes of the DBI-RIS are fabricated, and experimental verification is conducted using two separate measurement testbeds. The fabricated sub-6-GHz RIS successfully achieves beam steering within the range from -35° to 35° for DBI-RIS with <inline-formula> <tex-math>$4times 4$ </tex-math></inline-formula> sub-6-GHz elements, while the mmWave RIS demonstrates beam steering between -30° and 30° for DBI-RIS with <inline-formula> <tex-math>$8times 8$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mmWave elements, and has good agreement with simulation results.","PeriodicalId":13272,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","volume":"73 7","pages":"4116-4132"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144550279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}