IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques最新文献_第9页

Sampling-Level Time-Division Multiplexing for Fully Connected MIMO Transmitters: Principle and Prototype Verification 全连接MIMO发射机的采样级时分复用：原理和原型验证

IF 5.2 1区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-08-17 DOI: 10.1109/TMTT.2026.3722261

Yiqiu Liang;Hongji Fan;Weiheng Chen;Zhuang Xu;Zhiqiang Yu;Jianyi Zhou;Wei Hong

{"title":"Sampling-Level Time-Division Multiplexing for Fully Connected MIMO Transmitters: Principle and Prototype Verification","authors":"Yiqiu Liang;Hongji Fan;Weiheng Chen;Zhuang Xu;Zhiqiang Yu;Jianyi Zhou;Wei Hong","doi":"10.1109/TMTT.2026.3722261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2026.3722261","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems and multibeam phased arrays are essential for modern wireless communications. Conventional fully connected (FC) beamformers achieve the maximum array gain but rely on cross-connection networks with numerous phase shifters, leading to high power consumption and implementation complexity. Recent time-domain techniques have been explored to reduce hardware complexity. However, their application at the transmitter faces challenges related to spectral compliance and hardware nonlinearities. This article presents a sampling-level time-division FC (TDFC) architecture for MIMO transmitters that eliminates physical cross-connection networks. By integrating high-speed switching, synchronized phase shifting, and reconstruction filtering, the architecture emulates FC beam–antenna mapping while preserving spectral control and compatibility with existing digital predistortion (DPD) techniques. Unlike slow time-division multiplexing among beams or users, the proposed architecture preserves concurrent transmission of multiple spatial data streams, thereby enabling spatial multiplexing gains and increased system throughput. An analytical model is developed to guide implementation analysis, and an over-the-air (OTA) prototype verification platform is built to experimentally validate the architectural feasibility and key nonideal effects. Measurement results confirm the analytical findings, demonstrating the spatial multiplexing capability of the TDFC operation and the feasibility of applying DPD in practical implementations.","PeriodicalId":13272,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","volume":"74 9","pages":"8503-8518"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148926179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fully Integrated High-EIRP Leaky-Wave Transmitter for Millimeter-Wave Wireless Power Transfer 用于毫米波无线电力传输的全集成高eirp漏波发射机

IF 5.2 1区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-07-07 DOI: 10.1109/TMTT.2026.3709116

Weiguang Song;Shan Han;Changning Wei;Chaoyun Song;Symon K. Podilchak;Lei Wang

{"title":"Fully Integrated High-EIRP Leaky-Wave Transmitter for Millimeter-Wave Wireless Power Transfer","authors":"Weiguang Song;Shan Han;Changning Wei;Chaoyun Song;Symon K. Podilchak;Lei Wang","doi":"10.1109/TMTT.2026.3709116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2026.3709116","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a fully integrated transmitter using a millimeter-wave active leaky-wave antenna (LWA) array and compact series power divider for wireless power transfer (WPT) systems. The design consists of three key parts, i.e., the substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) series uniform power divider (SSUPD), the power amplifier (PA), and the SIW LWA array (SLWAA). The SSUPD splits the input power uniformly to ten output ports, corresponding to ten channels. The power of each output port is coupled to the microstrip line (MSL) and amplified by the PA, delivering up to 25-dBm power to each SIW LWA (SLWA). The SLWA works from 24 to 28.5 GHz with beam steering from <inline-formula> <tex-math>$boldsymbol {theta =50^{circ } }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> to <inline-formula> <tex-math>$boldsymbol {theta =85^{circ } }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and the realized gain varies between 13 and 17 dBi. By integrating the SSUPD, the PA, and the SLWAA, an active SLWAA (ASLWAA) is obtained, where the SLWAA consists of ten SLWAs, with total realized gain varying from 20 to 23.5 dBi. The measured radiation pattern of the ASLWAA demonstrates high agreement between the simulation and experiment. Having fed 10-dBm input power to the SSUPD, the total radiated power up to 35 dBm is achieved, corresponding to 58-dBm effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP). The proposed ASLWAA realizes distributed active spatial power combining through locally amplified SIW leaky-wave radiators, enabling scalable high-EIRP WPT transmission with low hardware complexity, compact size, and high integration, making it a competitive candidate for millimeter-wave WPT systems.","PeriodicalId":13272,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","volume":"74 9","pages":"8519-8532"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148926180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Design of an Energy Recycling High-Efficiency Rectifier With Active Second-Harmonic Injection 主动二次谐波注入能量循环高效整流器的设计

IF 5.2 1区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-07-07 DOI: 10.1109/TMTT.2026.3709449

Hao Chen;Zhiwei Zhang;Dengfa Zhou

{"title":"Design of an Energy Recycling High-Efficiency Rectifier With Active Second-Harmonic Injection","authors":"Hao Chen;Zhiwei Zhang;Dengfa Zhou","doi":"10.1109/TMTT.2026.3709449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2026.3709449","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a high-efficiency continuous-mode rectifier that utilizes an active second-harmonic injection (SHI) mechanism for medium-range, low-altitude drones (UAV)-assisted simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) systems with high-power rectifier modules. Theoretical analysis of continuous class-F (CCF) and continuous inverse class-F (CCF<sup>−1</sup>) modes establishes a closed-form relationship between rectification efficiency, continuous-mode parameters (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$gamma,zeta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>), phase shift parameters (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$alpha,beta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>), and the required harmonic-injection power. Furthermore, we propose a dedicated SHI network that recycles the power amplifier (PA)’s second-harmonic energy, injecting it into the drain of the transistor to enhance rectification efficiency. A 10 W prototype operating at 2.0 GHz is designed and fabricated using a gallium nitride (GaN) transistor. Measurements demonstrate that a peak rectification efficiency of 83.16% can be obtained at 2.0 GHz by employing the proposed active SHI technique.","PeriodicalId":13272,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","volume":"74 9","pages":"8533-8544"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148926181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Single-Channel Architecture for Parallel Amplitude--Phase Calibration of Coherent RF Sources via Time Modulation: Theory and Experiment 基于时间调制的相干射频源平行幅相校准的单通道架构：理论与实验

IF 5.2 1区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-08-06 DOI: 10.1109/TMTT.2026.3714221

Shiyuan Li;Kebin Liu;Chi Zhang;Liang Kong;Haibiao Chen;Chong He;Xiaolong Su

{"title":"Single-Channel Architecture for Parallel Amplitude--Phase Calibration of Coherent RF Sources via Time Modulation: Theory and Experiment","authors":"Shiyuan Li;Kebin Liu;Chi Zhang;Liang Kong;Haibiao Chen;Chong He;Xiaolong Su","doi":"10.1109/TMTT.2026.3714221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2026.3714221","url":null,"abstract":"Multichannel coherent RF signal generators (CSGs) are widely used in microwave system testing, such as phased arrays and MIMO systems. In many commercial CSGs (e.g., AnaPico), the relative phases among channels may become random after power-up or frequency switching due to the use of independent phase-locked loops (PLLs). Consequently, amplitude–phase calibration is required to ensure channel coherence. Existing multichannel measurement methods usually rely on multiple receivers, multiple RF channels, or repeated measurements, which increase system complexity and cost. To address this issue, this article proposes a low-cost parallel measurement method for the amplitude and phase relationships of multichannel coherent RF signals using a single RF receiver. In the proposed approach, a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) controls a single-pole <inline-formula> <tex-math>$N$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-throw (SPNT) RF switch to periodically connect multiple RF channels to a single receiver. The resulting time modulation generates harmonic components whose amplitudes and phases are determined by the modulation sequence and the amplitude–phase characteristics of the input signals. By analyzing these harmonics, the amplitude ratios and phase differences among channels can be estimated simultaneously. An experimental system using a commercial four-channel CSG and an SP4T RF switch is implemented to validate the proposed method. Compared with reference measurements obtained from a vector network analyzer (VNA), the proposed method achieves a maximum absolute error (MAE) of 0.53 dB and a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 0.38 dB in amplitude ratio measurement, and an MAE of 1.88° and an RMSE of 1.05° in phase-difference measurement, demonstrating its effectiveness andaccuracy.","PeriodicalId":13272,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","volume":"74 9","pages":"8270-8285"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148928277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Binary Phase Modulation FMCW Radar for High-Performance Multiperson Cardiac-Induced Thoracic Micro-Motion Sensing 用于高性能多人心致胸微运动传感的二元相位调制FMCW雷达

IF 5.2 1区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-08-07 DOI: 10.1109/TMTT.2026.3717968

Jingyun Lu;Jiayu Zhang;Yuchen Li;Changzhan Gu

{"title":"Binary Phase Modulation FMCW Radar for High-Performance Multiperson Cardiac-Induced Thoracic Micro-Motion Sensing","authors":"Jingyun Lu;Jiayu Zhang;Yuchen Li;Changzhan Gu","doi":"10.1109/TMTT.2026.3717968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2026.3717968","url":null,"abstract":"This article focuses on the exploitation of binary phase modulation (BPM) radar architecture for multiperson fine-grained cardiac-induced thoracic micro-motion monitoring. The BPM scheme is developed based on a conventional frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar framework. By introducing a phase shifter at each transmit (TX) channel, all TX channels can operate simultaneously while preserving temporal resolution. Compared with conventional radar architectures, such as phased-array and time-division multiplexing (TDM) MIMO radar, the proposed scheme provides improved signal-to-noise ratio (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$SNR$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), making it suitable for noncontact biomedical sensing applications. A rigorous mathematical analysis of the BPM operating principle is presented in the context of vital sign extraction, with particular emphasis on the impact of practical imperfections, such as phase errors and amplitude mismatches, on displacement demodulation. A phase-based displacement reconstruction framework is proposed to recover thoracic motion and associated fine physiological information. Finally, a prototype BPM radar system is implemented, and experiments are conducted to validate its capability in target separation and high-fidelity reconstruction of micro-motion vital sign waveforms.","PeriodicalId":13272,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","volume":"74 9","pages":"8368-8380"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148928313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Magnet-Free Differential FBAR Filter Circulator for 2.45-GHz Wi-Fi Applications 用于2.45 ghz Wi-Fi应用的无磁差分FBAR滤波器环行器

IF 5.2 1区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-07-23 DOI: 10.1109/TMTT.2026.3713983

Wanchun Ren;Jie Zhang;Chun Li;Qin Wang;Zhaoye Wu;Zhiguo Lai;Bin Tang;Tao Zhou;Yang Gao

{"title":"A Magnet-Free Differential FBAR Filter Circulator for 2.45-GHz Wi-Fi Applications","authors":"Wanchun Ren;Jie Zhang;Chun Li;Qin Wang;Zhaoye Wu;Zhiguo Lai;Bin Tang;Tao Zhou;Yang Gao","doi":"10.1109/TMTT.2026.3713983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2026.3713983","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a magnet-free circulator for 2.45-GHz Wi-Fi systems, based on a differential film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR) filter and radio frequency (RF) switch modulation. The design employs a high-Q cavity-type FBAR filter integrated into a linear time-invariant (LTI) network with synchronized spatiotemporal modulation, achieving nonreciprocal signal transmission with low insertion loss and high isolation. Simulation results demonstrate an isolation of 18.5 dB and an insertion loss of 2.4 dB. Experimental verification shows a measured isolation of 15.5 dB and insertion loss of 4.5 dB, outperforming existing magnet-free circulators in the same frequency band. The proposed circulator exhibits an ultralow power consumption of approximately 0.78 mW and a high figure of merit (FoM = 3-dB bandwidth/modulation frequency) of 40.80. The differential architecture effectively suppresses common-mode noise and alleviates the tradeoff between isolation and loss. This work illustrates the potential of FBAR-based circulators for compact, integrated wireless communication systems.","PeriodicalId":13272,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","volume":"74 9","pages":"7818-7825"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148928331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Guest Editorial Special Issue on the 2026 IEEE MTT-S ARFTG/RWW 2026 IEEE MTT-S ARFTG/RWW特刊

IF 5.2 1区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-09-11 DOI: 10.1109/TMTT.2026.3725420

Markus Gardill

引用次数: 0

Analog Computing With Hybrid Couplers and Phase Shifters 混合耦合器和移相器的模拟计算

IF 5.2 1区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-08-18 DOI: 10.1109/TMTT.2026.3721382

Matteo Nerini;Xuekang Liu;Bruno Clerckx

{"title":"Analog Computing With Hybrid Couplers and Phase Shifters","authors":"Matteo Nerini;Xuekang Liu;Bruno Clerckx","doi":"10.1109/TMTT.2026.3721382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2026.3721382","url":null,"abstract":"Analog computing with microwave signals can enable exceptionally fast computations, potentially surpassing the limits of conventional digital computing. For example, by letting some input signals propagate through a linear microwave network and reading the corresponding output signals, we can instantly compute a matrix-vector product without any digital operations. In this article, we investigate the computational capabilities of linear microwave networks made exclusively of two low-cost and fundamental components: hybrid couplers and phase shifters, which are both implementable in microstrip. We derive a sufficient and necessary condition characterizing the class of linear transformations that can be computed in the analog domain using these two components. Within this class, we identify three transformations of particular relevance to signal processing, namely the discrete Fourier transform (DFT), the Hadamard transform, and the Haar transform. For each of these, we provide a systematic design method to construct networks of hybrid couplers and phase shifters capable of computing the transformation for any size power of two. To validate our theoretical results, a hardware prototype was designed and fabricated, integrating hybrid couplers and phase shifters to implement the <inline-formula> <tex-math>$4~times ~4$ </tex-math></inline-formula> DFT. A systematic calibration procedure was subsequently developed to characterize the prototype and compensate for fabrication errors. Measured results from the prototype demonstrate successful DFT computation in the analog domain, showing high correlation with theoretical expectations. By realizing an analog computer through standard microwave components, this work demonstrates a practical pathway toward low-latency, real-time analog signal processing.","PeriodicalId":13272,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","volume":"74 9","pages":"8039-8061"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148926112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Dual-Band Doherty Power Amplifier With Enhanced Efficiency and Simplified Output Network 一种提高效率和简化输出网络的双频多尔蒂功率放大器

IF 5.2 1区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-08-05 DOI: 10.1109/TMTT.2026.3717428

Sadegh Heydari Kahkesh;Akram Sheikhi

{"title":"A Dual-Band Doherty Power Amplifier With Enhanced Efficiency and Simplified Output Network","authors":"Sadegh Heydari Kahkesh;Akram Sheikhi","doi":"10.1109/TMTT.2026.3717428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2026.3717428","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a high-efficiency dual-band Doherty power amplifier (DPA) operating in a hybrid Class-E/FJ and Class-FE mode. Unlike conventional dual-band DPAs that rely on discrete-frequency optimization or complex multipath architectures, the proposed design employs a unified load-modulation network that exploits the finite output impedance of the peaking amplifier. This approach enables accurate dual-band impedance control without bulky offset lines or multisection inverters. The implemented DPA achieves fractional bandwidths of 6.7% and 8.8% at 1.5 and 2.25 GHz, respectively, with a practical frequency ratio of 1.5. Measured drain efficiencies reach 73% at saturation and 66%/52% at 6-dB output power back-off (OBO) for the lower and upper bands, respectively, outperforming prior art in efficiency–bandwidth tradeoffs. Transistor parasitic elements are rigorously incorporated into the output network synthesis to enhance real-world performance. A novel Class-E/FJ-based as well as Class-FE impedance synthesis method tailored for dual-band DPA operation, along with a compact dual-band matching network eliminating conventional offset lines, constitute the key contributions. Experimental results demonstrate a favorable balance between bandwidth and efficiency compared with recent state-of-the-art designs, positioning the proposed DPA as a strong candidate for broadband, power-efficient RF front-end modules in emerging multistandard wireless systems.","PeriodicalId":13272,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","volume":"74 9","pages":"7923-7934"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148928199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A 2 × 2 240--270-GHz Transmitter Array With 33 dBm of EIRP in a 0.13-μm SiGe Technology 采用0.13 μm SiGe技术，具有33 dBm EIRP的2 × 2 240—270 ghz发射阵列

IF 5.2 1区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-07-21 DOI: 10.1109/TMTT.2026.3711721

Kaan Balaban;Max Vöhringer;Matthias Möck;Marius Kretschmann;Thomas Zwick;John Jelonnek;Ahmet Çağrı Ulusoy

{"title":"A 2 × 2 240--270-GHz Transmitter Array With 33 dBm of EIRP in a 0.13-μm SiGe Technology","authors":"Kaan Balaban;Max Vöhringer;Matthias Möck;Marius Kretschmann;Thomas Zwick;John Jelonnek;Ahmet Çağrı Ulusoy","doi":"10.1109/TMTT.2026.3711721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2026.3711721","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents a 240–270-GHz transmitter array implemented in a 0.13-<inline-formula> <tex-math>$mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>m SiGe BiCMOS process. The transmitter array comprises two J-band <inline-formula> <tex-math>$times 6$ </tex-math></inline-formula> frequency multipliers, four J-band four-way combined power amplifiers (PAs), and an on-chip <inline-formula> <tex-math>$2 times 2$ </tex-math></inline-formula> antenna array. The system is driven by an external continuous-wave (CW) signal generator, and each four-way combined PA delivers a peak output power of 16.7 dBm at 250 GHz with a 3-dB bandwidth of 50 GHz. The integrated antenna array consists of four differential dipoles with a reflector layer beneath the silicon substrate to enhance radiation efficiency. The fabricated transmitter array achieves an equivalent isotropically radiated power (EIRP) of 33 dBm and estimated total radiated power (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$boldsymbol {P_{mathrm {tot, rad}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of 21 dBm at 264 GHz with a 3-dB bandwidth of 30 GHz while consuming 4 W of DC power and occupying a silicon area of 13 mm<sup>2</sup>. Compared to prior works at similar frequencies, the proposed transmitter array achieves a 9-dB higher EIRP than previously reported silicon-based transmitters without the use of external lens-based gain enhancement.","PeriodicalId":13272,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","volume":"74 9","pages":"8153-8162"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11616577","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148928221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0