IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques最新文献

{"title":"High-Precision Multibeamforming of Time-Modulated Arrays With Nonideality Compensation","authors":"Heng Mao;Kejin Chen;Bingjun Wang;Xiaotian Liu;Ze Zhang;Feng Yang;Yikai Chen;Shiwen Yang","doi":"10.1109/TMTT.2026.3722228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2026.3722228","url":null,"abstract":"In modern wireless systems, multibeam techniques enable the simultaneous implementation of multiple services, holding significant research value and application potential. Time-modulated arrays (TMAs) provide unique advantages for multibeam generation by exploiting “time” as an additional design degree of freedom. However, conventional approaches generally struggle to manipulate multiple beams while maintaining low hardware complexity, with hardware nonidealities further degrading the overall beamforming performance. To address these challenges, this article proposes a high-precision multibeamforming approach of TMAs with nonideality compensation. Specifically, a characterization technique without pre-estimation is introduced to model nonideal switching waveforms, which is further incorporated into time sequence modeling to achieve high accuracy and flexibility. By decomposing the high-dimensional multibeam problem into low-dimensional subproblems, the interbeam coupling is mitigated, thereby allowing independent multibeam for nonideal TMAs. Compared with existing techniques, the proposed approach exhibits distinct advantages in terms of beam flexibility, hardware simplicity, switching transition count, compensation for nonidealities, and total efficiency. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is validated through both simulations and experimental measurements.","PeriodicalId":13272,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","volume":"74 10","pages":"9209-9222"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149222422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generation of Spatiotemporal Microwave Vortices With Transverse Orbital Angular Momentum via Momentum--Frequency Spectral Singularity Engineering","authors":"Beier Ying;Shuai Ding;Junjie Shao;Bing-Zhong Wang;Ren Wang","doi":"10.1109/TMTT.2026.3723968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2026.3723968","url":null,"abstract":"Spatiotemporal vortices (STVs) carrying transverse orbital angular momentum (T-OAM) provide a distinct degree of freedom for wave manipulation in coupled space and time. However, their implementation in the microwave regime is challenging because optical pulse-shaping techniques cannot be directly transferred to microwaves, while array-based spatiotemporal synthesis generally requires multiple synchronized radio frequency channels. Here, we propose a metasurface-based approach for generating spatiotemporal microwave vortices (STMVs) by engineering an isolated transmission singularity in the joint momentum–frequency <inline-formula> <tex-math>$(k_{x}-omega)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> domain. Temporal coupled-mode theory (TCMT) and full-wave decomposition show that the symmetry-breaking metasurface unit converts a transmission nodal line into an isolated zero, where destructive interference between background transmission and resonant radiation produces a singularity in the <inline-formula> <tex-math>$(k_{x}-omega)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> domain. Fourier synthesis maps this spectral singularity into an edge-dislocation vortex in the longitudinal <inline-formula> <tex-math>$xt$ </tex-math></inline-formula> plane, with T-OAM oriented perpendicular to the propagation direction. This vortex field differs from conventional spatial orbital angular momentum (OAM) vortices defined in the transverse <inline-formula> <tex-math>$xy$ </tex-math></inline-formula> plane with longitudinal OAM. A standard horn antenna provides the required transverse-wavevector spectrum and excites the designed metasurface without phased-array feeding or synchronized temporal modulation. Full-wave simulations demonstrate the generation of STMV with a winding number <inline-formula> <tex-math>$q=1$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, an average T-OAM value of 1.178, and a maximum <inline-formula> <tex-math>$l = 1$ </tex-math></inline-formula> T-OAM mode purity of 0.830. Experimentally reconstructed fields retain <inline-formula> <tex-math>$q=1$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, with a T-OAM value of 1.43 and a maximum <inline-formula> <tex-math>$l=1$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mode purity of 0.737. These results demonstrate a compact passive route for generating and characterizing STMV carrying T-OAM, which is important for potential microwave applications of STMVs.","PeriodicalId":13272,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","volume":"74 10","pages":"8680-8691"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149222479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"rfx: An End-to-End Differentiable 3-D FDTD Simulator for RF and Microwave Engineering","authors":"Byungkwan Kim","doi":"10.1109/TMTT.2026.3729863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2026.3729863","url":null,"abstract":"Gradient-based inverse design is standard in computational photonics but rare in radio frequency (RF) and microwave engineering, where optimization still relies on derivative-free metaheuristics. We present <monospace>rfx</monospace>, a GPU-accelerated 3-D finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulator, written in JAX, in which the entire simulation—from time stepping and absorbing boundaries to port extraction and the near-to-far-field (NTFF) transform—forms a single differentiable graph. One reverse-mode automatic-differentiation (AD) pass returns the gradient of RF observables—<inline-formula> <tex-math>$S$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-parameters, directivity—with respect to all design variables at a few times the cost of a forward solve, independent of their number; this backward pass is the discrete adjoint of the FDTD recursion, assembled automatically rather than hand-derived per objective. Forward accuracy is validated against closed-form References and a four-solver patch cross-validation including CST; the AD gradient is verified against central finite differences for every smooth observable class. Three examples of increasing dimensionality (one to 2883 design cells)—a microstrip notch filter, a waveguide taper, and a beam-steering superstrate—drive <inline-formula> <tex-math>$S$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-parameter and far-field objectives directly; openEMS corroborates the optimized notch and steered beam. On the 30-variable taper, particle-swarm and genetic search at an equal-or-larger solve budget trail the gradient by at least 11.6 dB, and one backward pass returns all 2883 beam-steering cell sensitivities. Reoptimized at fabrication resolution, the taper matches—does not beat—a discretized Klopfenstein design. The designs exercise continuous permittivity and relaxed metal; free-form metal topology and conformal PEC remain open. The contribution is a differentiable formulation of RF observables, realized as an open-source simulator; sensitivity analysis and model calibration follow from the same gradient.","PeriodicalId":13272,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","volume":"74 10","pages":"8796-8810"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149222497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Realization of Time-Varying Permeability in Ferrite-Based Microstrip Lines Enabling Sideband Generation: Modeling and Experimental Verification","authors":"Seyed Hossein Hosseini Biuki;Mehrdad Rezaei Golghand;Behzad Rejaei;Mohammad Memarian;Joachim Oberhammer","doi":"10.1109/TMTT.2026.3722725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2026.3722725","url":null,"abstract":"This article reports a practical microwave implementation of time-varying magnetic permeability in a microstrip transmission line (TL) fabricated on a grounded ferrite substrate. An analytical transmission-line model is first developed for the static case, in which the ferrite is saturated by an in-plane static magnetic bias field. The per-unit-length inductance is derived within a quasi-static framework while explicitly accounting for fringing field effects. Experimental validation demonstrates that the proposed analytical model accurately predicts the intrinsic bandgap edges of the structure, with substantially improved agreement compared to the classical Hines model. The analysis is then extended to the time-varying case, where the ferrite substrate is additionally subjected to a weak, time-modulated magnetic bias field. Magnetic memory effects are incorporated through an adiabatic approach, enabling an analytical description of the time-varying TL (TVTL). Measurements confirm the model’s accuracy, revealing the generation of sideband harmonics and a strong enhancement of harmonic conversion efficiency near the band gap boundaries. Notably, a maximum first-order normalized harmonic conversion efficiency of −25.7 dBc is observed at an incident frequency of 5.720 GHz, even though the modulation field being ~330 times weaker than the static bias field. Theoretical investigations indicate that, for low-loss ferrites with slightly increased modulation amplitudes, the proposed platform can produce dozens of sidebands with desirable levels even under small-signal radio frequency (RF) input conditions. These results highlight the substantial potential of time-varying ferrite-based microstrip lines for broadband harmonic generation and frequency conversion applications.","PeriodicalId":13272,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","volume":"74 10","pages":"8619-8630"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149222551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RF Transversal Signal-Interference Filters With Co-Integrated Amplitude-Equalization Functionality","authors":"Roberto Gómez-García;Mohamed Malki;José-María Muñoz-Ferreras","doi":"10.1109/TMTT.2026.3723523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2026.3723523","url":null,"abstract":"RF transversal signal-interference filters with co-designed in-band amplitude-equalization capabilities for both lowpass and bandpass applications are presented for the first time. These dual-function RF equalizer<inline-formula> <tex-math>$boldsymbol {/}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>filtering components are based on transversal filtering sections (TFSs) composed of two in-parallel stepped-impedance transmission-line paths. By exploiting an in-band frequency-selective RF-power-reflection mechanism inherent to this TFS topology, power transmission responses with adjustable amplitude slopes can be synthesized while preserving the sharp-rejection characteristics of conventional RF transversal signal-interference filters. The lowpass case is first addressed, demonstrating multitransmission-zero (TZ) extended-stopband lowpass filters (LPFs) with frequency-dependent in-band shaping, including controllable linear slopes in dB in one-level and multilevel amplitude-equalization profiles. Subsequently, equalizer bandpass filters (BPFs) based on the proposed TFS are introduced, featuring in-band amplitude responses with monotonic linear increase or decrease in dB versus frequency, together with multiple out-of-band TZs. Furthermore, the potential of these RF equalizer<inline-formula> <tex-math>$boldsymbol {/}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>BPF structures to implement advanced RF-analog-signal-processing functionalities is explored, such as causal finite-bandwidth approximations of integer-order and fractional-order temporal differentiators—i.e., time-delayed quasi-derivatives. For experimental-validation purposes, four microstrip prototypes are designed, fabricated, and characterized. These proof-of-concept circuits include DC-to-1-GHz RF LPFs with one-level and three-level negative-slope equalization, as well as two 2.5-GHz RF BPFs with positive in-band slopes, realized using one-stage reflective and two-stage in-band-matched<inline-formula> <tex-math>$boldsymbol {/}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>absorptive schemes, respectively.","PeriodicalId":13272,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","volume":"74 10","pages":"9031-9048"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149222614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Input-Reflectionless Filters Based on Frequency-Selective Absorptive Resonators in 180-nm CMOS Technology","authors":"Yan-Hui Ke;Yi-Ming Zhang;Yong Mei Pan;Shao Yong Zheng","doi":"10.1109/TMTT.2026.3724808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2026.3724808","url":null,"abstract":"In response to the concerns regarding the stopband-reflection impact of filters on adjacent circuits in the new-generation radio frequency (RF) front-ends, various reflectionless filter architectures are proposed. However, when attempting to further implement these filters in standard complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology for a higher level of integration, existing architectures face challenges due to the reliance on large-scale absorption structures and additional resistors. In this article, the lossy property of standard CMOS technology is exploited by implementing frequency-selective absorptive resonators for stopband absorption alternatively. This approach not only miniaturizes the additional circuit size introduced by the absorption part but also enhances its feasibility for CMOS implementations. Two absorptive resonators are developed for input-reflectionless bandstop and bandpass filters (BSFs/BPFs). Based on the investigation of the equivalent circuit models (ECMs), the absorption ranges can be flexibly controlled to align with the stopband, thus realizing the reflectionless behavior. The proposed input-reflectionless filters are designed, fabricated and measured. The measured −10 dB input-reflectionless bandwidth of the bandpass filter (BPF) is up to 115.6%, covering the stopbands on both sides of the passband. The other main performance is comparable to that of the previously published conventional CMOS filters.","PeriodicalId":13272,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","volume":"74 10","pages":"9060-9070"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149222524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Dual-Band Balanced Amplifier With Intrinsic Diplexing and Filtering","authors":"Fei Yang;Yu Zhang;Kang Yin;Anxue Zhang;Donglin Li;Wen Liu;Yiwei Jiao;Chengli Wang;Xinhang Wu;Xiaoxiao Li","doi":"10.1109/TMTT.2026.3722323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2026.3722323","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a high-efficiency dual-band balanced power amplifier (PA) that compactly integrates intrinsic diplexing and filtering functions, where the filtering function refers to the built-in interband isolation and undesired-band suppression generated by the path-interference mechanism of cascaded dual-band couplers. The proposed architecture combines dual-band couplers with PA stages, achieving interband isolation and diplexed power combining at two target frequencies of 1.4 and 2.5 GHz. This integration reduces the need for cascaded filters and diplexers typically used in conventional architectures, thereby reducing additional passive insertion loss. For validation, a prototype targeting 1.4 and 2.5 GHz was fabricated. At 1.4 GHz, the PA delivers a saturated output power (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$P_{mathrm {sat}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of 43.6 dBm, a drain efficiency (DE) of 76.4%, and a saturated gain of 14.3 dB. At 2.5 GHz, it achieves a <inline-formula> <tex-math>$P_{mathrm {sat}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of 43.7 dBm, a DE of 72.8%, and a saturated gain of 12.6 dB. The measured small-signal gains are 20.2 and 15.4 dB at the two bands, respectively, and the measured undesired-band suppression exceeds 23 and 22 dB for the 1.4- and 2.5-GHz input paths, respectively, while the interport isolation exceeds 30 dB near 1.9 GHz. Under a 10-MHz 5G NR signal with a peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of approximately 8.8 dB, the averaged ACLR values without digital predistortion (DPD) are −28.41/−27.52 dBc at 1.4/2.5 GHz. These results validate that the proposed architecture offers an effective solution for achieving high efficiency, high output power, and high integration in dual-band RF front-end modules.","PeriodicalId":13272,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","volume":"74 10","pages":"8940-8950"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149222597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guest Editorial Special Issue on the 2025 IEEE MAPCON (MAPCON 2025)","authors":"Nuno Borges Carvalho;Jaleel Akhtar","doi":"10.1109/TMTT.2026.3739875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2026.3739875","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13272,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","volume":"74 10","pages":"8578-8578"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11743214","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149222608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Versatile Passive Backscattering Through DC--RF Impedance Conversion for Wireless IoT Sensing","authors":"Dongchi Zhang;Jiteng Ma;Simon Hemour;Xiaoqiang Gu","doi":"10.1109/TMTT.2026.3727056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2026.3727056","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless sensors are vital for Internet of Things (IoT) applications, but battery dependence limits lifetime and contributes to electronic waste. Radio frequency (RF) backscattering sensors offer a sustainable alternative by reflecting RF signals without re-generating them, thereby achieving ultralow power consumption. However, resistive sensors, the most common type of industrial passive sensors, operate inherently in the DC domain and are generally incompatible with conventional RF backscattering devices. This article presents a passive backscattering device that employs a Schottky-diode-based DC–RF impedance conversion technique to enable direct compatibility with DC resistive sensors. Under −25-dBm excitation at 917 MHz, the device demonstrates a maximum reflection-coefficient variation of 0.342 as the load resistance changes from 1 to 100 k<inline-formula> <tex-math>$Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Wired modulation tests confirm analog amplitude modulation (AM) operation up to 100 kHz with the sideband signal as high as −8.0 dBc. Wireless image transferring was further demonstrated using a slow-scan television (SSTV) scheme over 2 m, with the transmitted image successfully recovered by a software-defined radio (SDR) receiver. These results confirm the feasibility of analog AM backscattering with DC resistive sensors and highlight potential extensions to amplitude-shift keying (ASK) and frequency-shift keying (FSK) modulation schemes.","PeriodicalId":13272,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","volume":"74 10","pages":"9297-9307"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149222437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zeroth-Order Mode and Anisotropic Behavior-Based Via-Free Metasurface-Inspired Miniaturized Dual-Band Dual-Polarized Wearable Antenna With High Data Rate and Wider Coverage","authors":"Nibash Kumar Sahu;Ravi Kumar Gangwar","doi":"10.1109/TMTT.2026.3715186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2026.3715186","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes a novel miniaturized dual-band dual-polarized antenna of size <inline-formula> <tex-math>$5times 5times 0.75~{text {mm}}^{3}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> with a high data rate and wider coverage for wireless body area network (WBAN) applications. In the lower band, it produces omnidirectional radiation with <inline-formula> <tex-math>$y$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-polarization for establishing on-body communication, and in the higher band, it produces directional radiation with right-hand circular polarizations (RHCPs) for establishing off-body communications. To achieve the behavior, an anisotropic-structure-based double-layer unit cell (ADLUC) is investigated by controlling the dispersion characteristic and reflection phase characteristics (RPCs). The dispersion characteristic indicates a 0th-mode of existence at 27 GHz and +1st-mode of existence at 40 GHz, whereas the RPCs indicate a <inline-formula> <tex-math>$y$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-polarized reflection phase at 27 GHz and a constant phase difference of −180° between the <inline-formula> <tex-math>$y$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-polarized and <inline-formula> <tex-math>$x$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-polarized reflection phases through a wide range of frequency of 36–44 GHz. When these behavior-based ADLUCs are integrated into a metasurface and excited using RHCP waves coming from an unbalanced coplanar waveguide ground (UCPWG)-fed straight radiating array, a resonance of 25.82–31 and 34.2–42.82 GHz with an axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of 8 GHz is achieved. The straight radiators in the array configurations are arranged in an up-and-down configuration that contributes to dual-beam characteristics. The antenna’s performances are also characterized by a human body model showing low specific absorption rates (SARs) of 0.9 W/kg at 28 GHz and 0.03 W/kg at 39 GHz. A fabricated prototype is carried out that shows excellent matching with simulation results.","PeriodicalId":13272,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","volume":"74 10","pages":"8579-8588"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149222491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}