Frequency-Tunable 40–44-GHz Butler Matrix

IF 4.1 1区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques Pub Date : 2025-04-22 DOI:10.1109/TMTT.2025.3556648

Paige Danielson;Laila Marzall;Zoya Popović

引用次数: 0

Abstract

This article details a monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC)

$4 \times 4$

switched beamforming feed network, tunable in frequency from 40 to 44 GHz. The completely integrated on-chip Butler matrix is fabricated in the WIN Semiconductors’ gallium arsenide (GaAs) PP10-20 pHEMT process. For frequency tunability, a reflective phase shifter is used in the middle section of the Butler matrix. A fixed-frequency beamforming network is characterized separately at 44 GHz. The reflective phase shifter is also characterized separately from 38 to 46 GHz, as well as over input power. The tunable Butler matrix measurements closely match simulations showing a return loss better than 18 dB and a transmission loss between 3.8 and 6.3 dB in the tuning range. Multibeam performance and leakage are also quantified in simulations, as well as the effects of saturation with increased input power.

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频率可调40-44-GHz巴特勒矩阵

本文详细介绍了一个单片微波集成电路（MMIC） $4 × 4$开关波束形成馈电网络，可在40至44 GHz频率范围内调谐。完全集成的片上Butler矩阵是在WIN半导体的砷化镓（GaAs） PP10-20 pHEMT工艺中制造的。为了实现频率可调性，在巴特勒矩阵的中间部分使用了反射移相器。固定频率波束形成网络在44 GHz单独表征。反射移相器在38至46 GHz范围内以及过输入功率范围内也具有单独的特性。可调谐的巴特勒矩阵测量结果与模拟结果非常吻合，显示在调谐范围内回波损耗优于18 dB，传输损耗在3.8至6.3 dB之间。仿真还量化了多波束性能和泄漏，以及随着输入功率增加而产生的饱和效应。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 工程技术-工程：电子与电气

CiteScore

8.60

自引率

18.60%

发文量

486

审稿时长

6 months

期刊介绍： The IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques focuses on that part of engineering and theory associated with microwave/millimeter-wave components, devices, circuits, and systems involving the generation, modulation, demodulation, control, transmission, and detection of microwave signals. This includes scientific, technical, and industrial, activities. Microwave theory and techniques relates to electromagnetic waves usually in the frequency region between a few MHz and a THz; other spectral regions and wave types are included within the scope of the Society whenever basic microwave theory and techniques can yield useful results. Generally, this occurs in the theory of wave propagation in structures with dimensions comparable to a wavelength, and in the related techniques for analysis and design.