Linear Scaling Law for General High-Order Multipactor

Multipactor discharge is the secondary-electron avalanche possibly occurring in high-power vacuum microwave devices, threatening the long-term reliability of these devices widely used in communication satellites and particle accelerators. Due to the random nature of secondary-electron emissions, the process of multipactor is complicated. Here, we report the emergence of a linear scaling law in this complicated random system. We derived an accurate statistical high-order limit model and found that the model remains the same when the electric field strength is linear with the operating frequency. By observing images of the emission-to-emission conversion rate (EECR) that describes statistical behaviors of the secondary-electron transitions, the mechanism of the scaling law is illustrated. Exampled with three typical devices including the parallel-plate, coaxial, and rectangular waveguides, simulated and experimental results are presented, verifying the validity of the proposed model and the linear scaling law.