IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques最新文献

{"title":"Cross-Resolution Inverse Design of Planar Filters via a Data-Efficient Frequency-Query Surrogate and Edge Anti-Aliasing Pixelated Layout","authors":"Jingyun Bi;Xiaoyang Yu;Xinyu Zhou;Jing Xia;Shichang Chen;Wing Shing Chan","doi":"10.1109/TMTT.2026.3731157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2026.3731157","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes an artificial intelligence (AI)-driven inverse design framework for compact microstrip filters. To address the rapid parameter growth incurred by dense frequency sampling and the reduced design degrees of freedom (DoF) caused by restricted diagonal connectivity in pixel-based electromagnetic (EM) design, a frequency-query surrogate model is developed by combining convolutional neural network (CNN) feature extraction with a transformer encoder–decoder. By encoding the layout once and querying the frequency response, the model enables efficient S-parameter prediction over 241 frequency samples (964 scalar outputs) using only 20% of the training data required by conventional surrogates. Attribution maps generated by the attention-guided visualization method exhibit consistent spatial features with simulated current density distributions, indicating physically consistent model attribution. Additionally, a triangular edge anti-aliasing pixelated configuration is introduced to restore design DoF, enabling layout upsampling and cross-resolution transfer learning. The framework was validated through inverse designs on both <inline-formula> <tex-math>$16{,}times {,}16$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math>$32{,}times {,}32$ </tex-math></inline-formula> grid resolutions. A <inline-formula> <tex-math>$16times 16$ </tex-math></inline-formula> bandpass filter (BPF) achieves 0.6 dB insertion loss (IL) with a compact size of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$0.126lambda _{g}{,}times {,}0.126lambda _{g}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The <inline-formula> <tex-math>$32{,}times {,}32$ </tex-math></inline-formula> BPF optimized via few-shot transfer learning exhibits superior selectivity due to higher resolution and DoF.","PeriodicalId":13272,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","volume":"74 10","pages":"8741-8755"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149222555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Antenna Array Fault Diagnosis Method: RSNN Detection Based on Quasi-Far-Field Measurements","authors":"Boguang Yang;Jixiang Shi;Peng Wang;Zeqian Yang;Jiangcheng Ge;Wen Jiang;Tao Hong","doi":"10.1109/TMTT.2026.3722847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2026.3722847","url":null,"abstract":"This article establishes the theoretical and empirical separability boundary of antenna array faults under quasi-far-field (QFF) observation and proposes a regional segmentation neural network (RSNN) architecture to detect element excitation faults. By analyzing the data characteristics of the QFF region and introducing the RSNN to solve the linear operator of the inverse equation of the array pattern, the linear mapping relationship from the radiated electric field to the feed excitation state was established. The training and test samples were obtained by the rapid measurement method of QFF and input into the RSNN to train the linear constraints of the inverse equation of the pattern. The network processes four distinct excitation states to evaluate how faults impact feature extraction and classification performance. Both simulated and experimental results show successful classification and localization of all four excitation states, achieving an accuracy of 0.951 and a detection time of 0.125 s. The proposed method enables efficient classification and localization of antenna array excitation faults using low computational resources, offering a high-performance diagnostic solution with accurate assessment capabilities.","PeriodicalId":13272,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","volume":"74 10","pages":"9112-9122"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149222473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Resolution Fragmented-Spectrum PMCW Radar Using Six-Port Interferometer","authors":"Junda Qiu;Wai-Wa Choi;Dongze Zheng;Ke Wu;Pedro Cheong","doi":"10.1109/TMTT.2026.3723772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2026.3723772","url":null,"abstract":"Phase-modulated continuous-wave (PMCW) radar is a promising candidate for integrated sensing and communication (ISAC), but its range resolution in a crowded spectrum is fundamentally limited by the available bandwidth. Building on a six-port interferometric transceiver, this work proposes a fragmented-spectrum PMCW radar that realizes carrier aggregation (CA) over two noncontiguous sub-bands using a single RF front-end and local oscillator (LO). Starting from a wide-span PMCW waveform, a designed central spectral region is filtered out, leaving two equal-bandwidth sub-bands separated by a spectral gap. The resulting fragmented-spectrum, wide-span signal can achieve an effective range resolution beyond the nominal bandwidth limit at the expense of elevated range sidelobes. To restore sidelobe performance, a time-interleaving scheme alternately transmits the fragmented signal and a contiguous sub-band PMCW signal and coherently combines their range profiles from matched filtering and Fourier processing at the receiver to jointly narrow the main lobe and suppress sidelobes while preserving ISAC flexibility and reserving a sub-band for communication. Simulation results show that, with a total occupied bandwidth of 200 MHz, the proposed solution attains a range resolution equivalent to that of an intact 270-MHz PMCW signal, with first-sidelobe levels close to the intact benchmark of −17 dB. Experiments with a compact six-port prototype confirm the predicted ranging accuracy and multi-target discrimination, thus demonstrating a practical framework for spectrum synthesis and sidelobe suppression in high-resolution PMCW radar for fragmented-spectrum ISAC scenarios.","PeriodicalId":13272,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","volume":"74 10","pages":"9184-9195"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149222618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Multimode Near-Field Radio Frequency Metasurface Resonator Transmitter for Multireceiver Power Transfer at 6.78 MHz","authors":"Junying Ye;Sutanu Chatterjee;Zerui Liu;Ben Zhang;Xinrui Liu;Mingzhao Song","doi":"10.1109/TMTT.2026.3729012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2026.3729012","url":null,"abstract":"Near-field radio frequency (RF) power distribution requires transmitting apertures that tolerate changes in position and receiver number. This article presents a double-layer orthogonally stacked magnetoinductive metasurface resonator near 6.78 MHz. Two capacitively loaded wire arrays form one collectively resonant aperture whose modal currents synthesize the vertical magnetic field. Over the <inline-formula> <tex-math>${mathrm {335~mm}}~times ~{mathrm {335~mm}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> footprint, the fabricated transmitter achieves 91.4% effective <inline-formula> <tex-math>$lvert H_{z}rvert $ </tex-math></inline-formula> coverage at <inline-formula> <tex-math>$z= {mathrm {10~mm}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>; a nine-position scan gives 57.27% average peak port-to-port efficiency. The matched one-to-one link reaches 79.02% at 6.780 MHz. Three simultaneous-receiver layouts yield 77.89%–80.30% total efficiency and 14.88–24.71-percentage-point branch imbalance. At their efficiency maxima, the strongest receiver coupling is −8.55 to −7.67 dB. Applying the instrument’s port-2 reference-impedance conversion from 25 to <inline-formula> <tex-math>$mathrm {100~Omega }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> gives 66.47%–79.02% maxima of the converted <inline-formula> <tex-math>$lvert S_{21}rvert ^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> metric; this conversion does not physically change the receiver termination. A collective-resonance model, a transmitter-only notch quality-factor descriptor of 150.89, and current-based modal reconstruction explain the aperture resonance, field synthesis, and receiver-coupling perturbation.","PeriodicalId":13272,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","volume":"74 10","pages":"9287-9296"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149222438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Miniaturized Bandpass Filter With Ultrawide Stopband Performance Based on Eighth-Mode FSIW Cavity and Its Extension to a Balanced Filter","authors":"Rong Jie Ke;Hong Bin Wang;Yu Jian Cheng","doi":"10.1109/TMTT.2026.3726887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2026.3726887","url":null,"abstract":"A miniaturized bandpass filter with ultrawide stopband performance is proposed in this article. Based on two eighth-mode folded substrate integrated waveguide (FSIW) cavities, the proposed filter introduces two controllable transmission zeros (TZs) by employing cross couplings, adding a metal pin, and etching a defected ground structure (DGS). The generation principle and controllable characteristics of the two TZs are investigated in detail with an equivalent circuit model (ECM). As a result, it exhibits a 20-dB stopband that extends to <inline-formula> <tex-math>$5.07~f_{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$f_{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is the center frequency) with a total size of only <inline-formula> <tex-math>$0.094~lambda _{g}^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$lambda _{g}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> denotes the guided wavelength at <inline-formula> <tex-math>$f_{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>). Furthermore, taking the above high-performance filter as the fundamental unit, a balanced filter is achieved through the symmetrical placement of this unit in the vertical direction. By virtue of the fundamental characteristics of a perfect electric conductor (PEC) and a perfect magnetic conductor (PMC), a PEC-PMC-PEC hybrid electromagnetic (EM) boundary structure is formed under common-mode (CM) excitation. This structure prevents CM signal from exciting cavity resonant modes, ensuring effective CM suppression within the differential-mode (DM) passband. Ultimately, the proposed balanced filter reaches a 20-dB stopband up to <inline-formula> <tex-math>$5.82~f_{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> under DM excitation, and achieves a CM suppression of over 54.7 dB, with a size of only <inline-formula> <tex-math>$0.219~lambda _{g}^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. To validate the design, both the aforementioned bandpass filter and balanced filter are fabricated. The measured results of each filter exhibit good agreement with their respective simulated results.","PeriodicalId":13272,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","volume":"74 10","pages":"8764-8778"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149222430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Compact C-Band Programmable Bandpass Filter","authors":"Ruofeng Xu;Wenhan Wu;Ziyue Chen;Jun Wang;Chao Chen;Yunze Hu;Lei Zhao","doi":"10.1109/TMTT.2026.3730452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2026.3730452","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a compact, programmable bandpass filter (BPF), leveraging an independently reconfigurable architecture to achieve encoded control across multiple bandwidth states. The filter consists of bandpass striplines positioned midway between two ground planes, where rectangular defected ground structures (DGSs) are integrated with fence units. The DGSs significantly enhance the initial bandwidth, whereas the fences are employed to adjust the coupling with the striplines through active control. By indirectly adjusting the even-mode capacitances and coupling coefficients, the structure achieves a precise bandwidth tuning range. Such reconfigurability is governed by an FPGA-driven programmable scheme, wherein specific metallic fence switching states are precisely mapped to predefined bandwidth responses. A total of 17 discrete operating bandwidths are achieved by FPGA encoding. The measured FBW exhibits a continuous-like reconfigurability from 28% to 78% with negligible center frequency deviation at 5.9 GHz. Across the entire tuning range, the in-band return losses (RLs) remain superior to 9.78 dB, while the insertion losses (ILs) are maintained below 6.46 dB. Featuring a compact footprint of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$0.25lambda _{0}^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and autonomous digital control, the proposed filter is well-suited for adaptive satellite communications or radar systems.","PeriodicalId":13272,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","volume":"74 10","pages":"9089-9099"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149222406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-Loss High-Isolation Broadband Power Divider Based on Capacitor- and Resistor-Loaded T-Coils","authors":"Fangkai Wang;Xu Zhu;Kaiyang Kang;Xudong Wang;Wei Ma","doi":"10.1109/TMTT.2026.3722926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2026.3722926","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a compact low-loss broadband power divider based on a generalized dual-loading T-coil architecture for high-isolation on-chip applications. The proposed design employs a decoupled even-/odd-mode codesign framework to simultaneously optimize insertion loss, isolation bandwidth, and circuit compactness. In the even mode, a capacitor-loaded T-coil network is utilized to realize electrical-length compression, thereby reducing passive component values and parasitic loss while maintaining wideband impedance matching. In the odd mode, a symmetric floating resistor-loaded T-coil network is introduced to increase the effective matching order of the isolation path without introducing additional insertion loss or grounding-induced leakage. This higher order isolation mechanism provides an additional degree of freedom for impedance compensation and significantly extends the achievable isolation bandwidth. Furthermore, a unified analytical design methodology is established to explicitly relate insertion loss, bandwidth, and isolation characteristics to electrical length, coupling coefficients, and isolation resistance. Based on this framework, the bandwidth-extension mechanism and parameter optimization principles are systematically analyzed. To validate the proposed theory and architecture, a compact broadband power divider operating from 16 to 32.2 GHz is implemented in a 45-nm RFE process. The proposed design achieves a 67.2% fractional bandwidth with a compact core area of only 0.034 mm². Measured results demonstrate a minimum insertion loss of 0.45 dB, isolation better than 20 dB across the entire operating band (exceeding 30 dB from 19 to 28.4 GHz), and port return losses exceeding 15 dB.","PeriodicalId":13272,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","volume":"74 10","pages":"8976-8988"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149222448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CBAGNN-Based Inverse Modeling of Cavity Filters With Frequency-Dependent Coupling Structure","authors":"Xu-Bin Zhou;Fu-Chang Chen;Kai-Ran Xiang","doi":"10.1109/TMTT.2026.3729682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2026.3729682","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a convolutional neural network (CNN)–bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM)–Attention Gaussian neural network (CBAGNN) for inverse modeling of high-precision cavity filters with complex frequency-dependent coupling (FDC) structures. Compared with the conventional design methods, the proposed approach directly retrieves structural parameters from the <inline-formula> <tex-math>$S$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-parameters. The CNN and BiLSTM layers capture the local features and the sequential dependency information in the long-distance frequency domain of the input data. The remaining parts of the architecture further enhance the model’s accuracy, reliability, and generalization ability. To achieve reliable performance, a Gaussian-distribution output mechanism is employed in conjunction with a sampling-and-scoring evaluation strategy to address the nonuniqueness problem. In this article, a third-order FDC cavity filter dataset has been utilized for the purposes of training and evaluation. To ensure a fair comparison, controlled baseline-model comparisons are conducted under the same dataset, data split, engineering tolerances, and evaluation strategy. The results show that the proposed CBAGNN achieves a testing error of 2.67%, outperforming the compared baseline models. To further quantify the practical design cost, a direct full-wave optimization experiment is performed using the built-in optimization function in the ANSYS High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS). In addition, an out-of-distribution (OOD) study is carried out to evaluate the extrapolation capability of the proposed method under bandwidth and transmission zero (TZ)-frequency deviations. The established model is deployed, and three sets of comparison results are presented. One filter prototype has been fabricated and measured. The physical measurement results are in good agreement with the targets.","PeriodicalId":13272,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","volume":"74 10","pages":"9004-9017"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149222567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An 18--36.6-GHz Common-Gate LNA With Broadband Simultaneous Noise and Input Impedance Matching","authors":"Yongchun Li;Pei Qin;Wenjie Feng;Quan Xue;Wenquan Che","doi":"10.1109/TMTT.2026.3720529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2026.3720529","url":null,"abstract":"A broadband simultaneous noise and input impedance matching (BSNIM) technique based on a common-gate (CG) architecture is proposed for implementing millimeter-wave (mmWave) low-noise amplifiers (LNAs). A detailed analysis of the noise parameters of CG structures is performed. Based on this analysis, a BSNIM-based theoretical framework is proposed to overcome the performance tradeoffs of traditional CG structures. Guided by this framework, a CG structure employing a mixed magnetic–electric (M–E) coupling network for broadband noise matching (NM) and a dual-resonance load network for input-impedance tuning is developed, enabling BSNIM while simultaneously enhancing gain. A complete LNA is subsequently realized by cascading the proposed CG structure with a second-stage cascode amplifier, which provides the required load network for the CG stage while improving the gain, stability, and gain flatness over the operating bandwidth. Fabricated in the TSMC 65-nm CMOS process, the LNA achieves excellent noise-matching performance while exhibiting the broadband input-matching performance characteristic of the CG structure, and demonstrates improved gain and noise performance compared with conventional CG designs. Postlayout simulation shows that <inline-formula> <tex-math>$N!F-N!F_{min }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> remains within 0.1 dB from 19.6 to 38.7 GHz. The measurement results show a peak gain of 16.3 dB with a 3-dB bandwidth ranging from 18 to 36.6 GHz. The measured noise figure (NF) varies from 3.09 to 4.13 dB, and the in-band input-referred 1-dB compression point (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$I!P_{1text {dB}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) ranges from −15.5 to −12.6 dBm. The core chip area is 0.127 mm², and the DC power consumption is 14.84 mW.","PeriodicalId":13272,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","volume":"74 10","pages":"8832-8846"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149222421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrical Modeling and Process Optimization of Elliptical Through-Glass Vias for Microwave Glass-Core Substrates","authors":"Jinxu Liu;Jihua Zhang;Zhen Fang;Zihan Wang;Shuqi Li;Borui Li;Wenlei Li;Mingcheng Chen;Mengru Li;Tianpeng Liang;Hongwei Chen;Wanli Zhang","doi":"10.1109/TMTT.2026.3724236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2026.3724236","url":null,"abstract":"Through-glass vias (TGVs) are important vertical interconnects for 3-D microwave packaging because they support low-loss signal transmission and high-density integration. In laser-induced wet etching (LIWE), process nonuniformity often causes the TGV cross section to deviate from an ideal circular shape, thereby altering the parasitic characteristics and degrading transmission performance. Analytical models were developed for the parasitic inductance and resistance of elliptical TGVs with cylindrical, tapered, and hyperbolic profiles. The effects of ellipticity were studied using full-wave simulations and measurements of coplanar waveguide (CPW)–TGV–CPW structures over 1–30 GHz. The results show that ellipticity increases both parasitic inductance and resistance, with a more pronounced effect <sc>on</small> resistance. In addition, process optimization was performed to improve TGV roundness during LIWE fabrication, achieving a maximum roundness of 0.9017 in BF33 glass.","PeriodicalId":13272,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","volume":"74 10","pages":"8706-8722"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149222522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}