IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Dual-Band Submillimeter-Wave Leaky-Wave Lens Antenna for Heterodyne Cometary Mapping","authors":"Sjoerd Bosma;Sven L. van Berkel;Maria Alonso-delPino;Darwin Blanco;Cecile Jung-Kubiak;Robert Lin;Goutam Chattopadhyay;Jose V. Siles;Nuria Llombart","doi":"10.1109/TTHZ.2024.3510652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TTHZ.2024.3510652","url":null,"abstract":"The next generation of space-based submillimeter-wave remote cometary mapping instruments is being developed at NASA/JPL with two receiver bands at 210–240 and 500–580 GHz. This instrument requires an array of receivers to decrease image acquisition time of velocity-resolved maps of key cometary volatiles. Furthermore, a single shared focal plane is required to save power, mass, and space while maintaining overlapping and equal-beamwidth target illumination at both bands. Here, we describe the analysis, synthesis, fabrication, and measurement of a prototype dual-band, submillimeter-wave leaky-wave lens antenna intended for a 4× 4 focal-plane array (FPA) under a parabolic reflector that achieves these goals. The FPA elements are waveguide-fed leaky-wave lens antennas with a novel stratification including an integrated frequency-selective surface that enables 15% operational bandwidths around 225 and 540 GHz simultaneously. The propagating leaky-wave modes in this stratification are studied in detail and the stratification is then synthesized in manufacturable components. A submillimeter-wave lens antenna prototype was fabricated using high-precision silicon microfabrication techniques. Measurements of this prototype demonstrate a performance closely matching simulated results in both frequency bands.","PeriodicalId":13258,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology","volume":"15 2","pages":"269-282"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wideband OMT for the 210–373 GHz Band With Built-In 90° Waveguide Twist","authors":"Igor Lapkin;Cristian Daniel López;Denis Meledin;Leif Helldner;Mathias Fredrixon;Alexey B. Pavolotsky;Sven-Erik Ferm;Vincent Desmaris;Victor Belitsky","doi":"10.1109/TTHZ.2024.3499734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TTHZ.2024.3499734","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we present the design of a wideband orthomode transducer (OMT) that aims for the frequency band 210–373 GHz. The OMT employs a modified Bøifot layout and is optimized to fit into the tight spatial constraints, e.g., of the ALMA cartridge. The OMT layout harmonizes the receiver cartridge components for both polarizations by allowing the use of the same configuration and components in both polarization chains because of the OMT outputs’ colinear positioning. The OMT features a built-in novel broadband 90° waveguide twist, which minimizes the insertion RF loss by removing the H-split waveguide while eases receiver component integration with the 2SB mixers in the ALMA cartridge. The manufactured OMT was characterized by direct measurements with a VNA employing frequency extension modules. The waveguide adapters were used accommodating the OMT waveguide ports having dimensions 760 × 760 μm for the input port and 380 × 760 μm for the output ports to the VNA extension modules. The OMT demonstrated the cross pol better than –25 dB across 95% of the frequency band, the output reflections better than 15 dB, and the RF insertion loss better than 0.8 dB.","PeriodicalId":13258,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology","volume":"15 2","pages":"151-157"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Isolated H-Plane Terahertz Waveguide T-Junction With Corrugated Microstrip Loads","authors":"Guangru Liu;Bo Zhang;Huali Zhu;Yong Zhang","doi":"10.1109/TTHZ.2024.3506817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TTHZ.2024.3506817","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, a broadband and isolated \u0000<italic>H</i>\u0000-plane terahertz waveguide T-junction is presented for terahertz power combination applications. Thereinto, the high isolation characteristic is realized by inserting two corrugated microstrip loads via antisymmetric probes. In addition, a simple and robust rectangular matching structure is utilized to achieve broadband impedance matching. The entire power divider is manufactured in three metal blocks to avoid high-loss \u0000<italic>H</i>\u0000-plane splitting and to simplify load assembly. The measured results show that the average insertion loss is 1 dB, the input return loss is better than –15 dB, and the output isolation is above 13 dB over the frequency range of 270–400 GHz.","PeriodicalId":13258,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology","volume":"15 1","pages":"133-136"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142938199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Mixers for the High-Resolution Spectrometer of the Millimetron Space Observatory","authors":"Ivan V. Tretyakov;Andrey V. Khudchenko;Kirill I. Rudakov;Irina V. Ivashentseva;Natalia S. Kaurova;Boris M. Voronov;Maria S. Kirsanova;Tatiana I. Larchenkova;Gregory N. Goltsman;Andrey M. Baryshev;Ronald Hesper;Fedor V. Khan;Elena S. Zhukova;Artem M. Chekushkin;A. V. Melentev;K. V. Zhivetev;A. V. Terentiev;Valery P. Koshelets;S. F. Likhachev","doi":"10.1109/TTHZ.2024.3505592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TTHZ.2024.3505592","url":null,"abstract":"The study of the origin and transport of water in the universe is an important part of the scientific program of the Millimetron space observatory. This will be made possible by observations conducted in single-dish mode using an onboard instrument—the high-resolution spectrometer (HRS). This instrument incorporates heterodyne array receivers operating within the range <inline-formula><tex-math>$0.5 -2.7$</tex-math></inline-formula> THz, comprising 3-pixel arrays of superconductor–insulator–superconductor mixers operating at frequencies below 1.3 THz and 7-pixel matrix receivers based on NbN HEB mixers observing above 1.3 THz. This article presents the current status of development for a mixers planned for use in the HRS instrument of the Millimetron space observatory.","PeriodicalId":13258,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology","volume":"15 2","pages":"191-199"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-Noise Resonant Tunneling Diode Terahertz Detector","authors":"Simone Clochiatti;Anton Grygoriev;Robin Kress;Enes Mutlu;Alexander Possberg;Florian Vogelsang;Marcel van Delden;Nils Pohl;Nils G. Weimann","doi":"10.1109/TTHZ.2024.3505599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TTHZ.2024.3505599","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a comprehensive analysis of indium phosphide (InP) triple-barrier resonant tunneling diodes (TB-RTDs) operating as direct terahertz (THz) detectors at zero bias. Through analytical derivation, the influence of device dimensions and of current–voltage curvature on voltage responsivity and noise equivalent power (NEP) is explored, and theoretical expressions for diode sensitivity are derived. On-wafer measurements of two scaled TB-RTDs with top contact areas of 0.5 and \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$1 ,mu mathrm{m}^{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 are conducted, followed by a comparative analysis, including harmonic-balance simulation results based on a self-developed TB-RTD nonlinear model. The measurements reveal that the responsivity scales with device area, as predicted by the theory, with a peak responsivity of 2123V/W at 340 GHz for the TB-RTD, and above 1200V/W across the entire WR2 band (330–500 GHz) for the smaller \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$0.5 ,mu mathrm{m}^{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 area device. The NEP values do not exceed 3.5 and \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$2 ,mathrm{pW}/{sqrt{text{Hz}}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 for the 1 and \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$0.5 ,mu mathrm{m}^{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 devices, respectively, with the lowest measured NEP being \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$1.15 ,mathrm{pW}/{sqrt{text{Hz}}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 for the \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$0.5 ,mu mathrm{m}^{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 device. These sensitivity values place the TB-RTD at a level comparable with the state-of-the-art THz direct detectors operating at room temperature. The investigation offers a clear picture of the intrinsic performance of TB-RTD operating at zero bias, with a detailed overview of the on-wafer measurement setup, power characterization method, and detector figures of merit, highlighting the potential of TB-RTDs as compact, power-efficient, and ultrasensitive direct THz detectors.","PeriodicalId":13258,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology","volume":"15 1","pages":"107-119"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10766652","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142938317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subterahertz Monolithic Metal 3D-Printed Corrugated Horn Antenna With High Cross-Polar Discrimination","authors":"Qingchun You;Talal Skaik;Peter Young;Nathan Miller;Peter Hunyor;Peter Huggard;Yi Wang","doi":"10.1109/TTHZ.2024.3501585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TTHZ.2024.3501585","url":null,"abstract":"This letter presents a high-performance corrugated horn for the subterahertz, manufactured monolithically using high-precision 3D printing technology based on microlaser sintering of stainless-steel powder. The horn features 45° inclined corrugation stubs that allow the building of the component with its axis vertical without any internal support structures. This ensures circular symmetry of the horn and high cross-polarization discrimination and circumvents radiation performance degradation, typical of tilted printing. Departing from traditional designs, the horn also incorporates a rectangular-to-circular waveguide adapter, not only enhancing compactness but also avoiding errors and losses associated with assembly. The stainless-steel antenna was plated with gold. The prototype, measuring 10.8 mm × 10.8 mm × 29.7 mm, exhibits outstanding performance with a peak gain from 18 to 22 dBi, and >36 dB cross-polar discrimination over the frequency band of 145–225 GHz. This is the first demonstration of 3D-printed corrugation structures in corrugated horns showing high performance beyond 100 GHz.","PeriodicalId":13258,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology","volume":"15 1","pages":"128-132"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142938238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A 200-GHz Phased-Array Wireless Communication System Using HTCC System-in-Package Technology","authors":"Bo Yu;Zhigang Wang;Oupeng Li;Qiao Liu;Hua Cai;Yang Zhou;Tao Wan;Guangjian Wang;Bo Yan;Ruimin Xu;Yuehang Xu","doi":"10.1109/TTHZ.2024.3499733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TTHZ.2024.3499733","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a 200-GHz phased-array wireless communication system featuring local oscillator beamforming using high-temperature cofired ceramic (HTCC) technology. The system is constructed using HTCC transmit (Tx) and receive (Rx) system-in-packages (SiPs), which are mounted on printed circuit boards and connected to parabolic antennas through waveguide feeders. These SiPs heterogeneously integrate all components of the front-end channels, achieving low-loss interconnection and 3-D integration through vertical hollow waveguides within the HTCC. The Tx SiPs incorporate integrated Schottky diode mixers with MoCu waveguide filters, performing single-sideband upconversion with high image rejection. Measured Tx channel gain ranges from 17 to 40 dB over 192.5 to 212.5 GHz, with channel saturated output power from 5.2 to 9.6 dBm over 193.5 to 211.5 GHz. Furthermore, the eight-element Tx array achieves an effective isotropic radiated power of 35.9–43.3 dBm across 196–213 GHz and supports a scanning capability of ±30° in the \u0000<italic>E</i>\u0000-plane. The phased-array Tx-Rx wireless link is demonstrated over a 30-m distance using 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) and 64-QAM waveforms, supporting maximum data rates of 32 and 24 Gbps, respectively.","PeriodicalId":13258,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology","volume":"15 1","pages":"45-60"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142938258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Femtosecond Oscillator-Driven Terahertz Emitter With Conical Totally Internally Reflective Radiation Extractor","authors":"Michael I. Bakunov;Mikhail A. Kurnikov;Alexander I. Shugurov;Sergey B. Bodrov","doi":"10.1109/TTHZ.2024.3499739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TTHZ.2024.3499739","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we propose and experimentally demonstrate an efficient Cherenkov-type terahertz emitter for optical-to-terahertz conversion of femtosecond laser pulses from an optical oscillator. The emitter consists of a tens of microns thick layer of LiNbO\u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$_{3}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 sandwiched between two Si semicones. The semicones serve for bilateral extraction of the generated terahertz radiation from the LiNbO\u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$_{3}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 layer and its collimation into a single parallel beam by total internal reflection at the semicones' lateral surfaces. The emitter can be operated with pump lasers of different wavelengths. Using a fiber laser (1.55-\u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$mu$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000m wavelength) as a pump, the laser pulses of 2.5-nJ energy and 90-fs duration were converted to terahertz radiation with the efficiency of \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$sim !3times 10^{-5}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000. Using a Ti:sapphire laser (800-nm wavelength) with the pulse energy of 7 nJ and duration of 90 fs, we achieved a conversion efficiency of \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$sim !5times 10^{-4}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000, which exceeds the efficiency of the conventional collinear scheme with a ZnTe crystal by two orders of magnitude. The proposed emitter can be used as a universal radiation source for terahertz time-domain spectroscopy.","PeriodicalId":13258,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology","volume":"15 1","pages":"84-90"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142938259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imidacloprid Detection Using Terahertz Metamaterial Based on Electromagnetically Induced Transparency","authors":"Jiaojiao Yu;Gan Liu;Xuan Zhang;Jianyuan Qin","doi":"10.1109/TTHZ.2024.3499740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TTHZ.2024.3499740","url":null,"abstract":"Imidacloprid is a common insecticide, which can remain in water, soil, and plant parts with long-term consumption, threaten environment, and human health. Therefore, it is necessary to propose an effective method for imidacloprid detection. Here, a terahertz metamaterial based on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is theoretically and experimentally demonstrated. This metamaterial displays an EIT resonance at 0.89 THz and the physical mechanism of the EIT effect is investigated by analyzing the electric fields and surface current distribution. The EIT resonance can be modulated by changing the geometric structure parameters of the metamaterial. This metamaterial can be used to detect the thickness and the refractive index of the dielectric layer based on the EIT resonance, and can achieve a refractive index sensitivity of 210 GHz/RIU. The detection of imidacloprid shows that the frequency shift and the transmittance change at peak are depend on the change of imidacloprid concentration. The minimum detectable imidacloprid concentration reaches a level of 0.01 ppm in this case. These results theoretically and experimentally prove the feasibility of terahertz metamaterial based on EIT resonance applied in the detection of imidacloprid concentration.","PeriodicalId":13258,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology","volume":"15 1","pages":"37-44"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142938257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasensitive Terahertz Biodetection Using Metasensors Based on Parity-Time Symmetry","authors":"Heng Liu;Xue Ke;Liran Shen;Yi Zhang;Yuqi Cao;Liangfei Tian;Dibo Hou;Guangxin Zhang","doi":"10.1109/TTHZ.2024.3496560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TTHZ.2024.3496560","url":null,"abstract":"Terahertz (THz) spectroscopy has unique sensing capabilities for biological cells due to its high temporal resolution and label-free characteristics. By combining THz technologies with the local enhancement effects of the electric field induced by the metasurface, high sensitivity detection of biological analytes can be achieved. In this article, an ultrasensitive THz metasurface biosensor based on parity-time (PT) symmetry is proposed. Consisting of a cut wire and a pair of split ring resonators, the exceptional point (EP) structure in PT symmetry can realize a balance between the gain and the loss, which leads to a high detection sensitivity. The simulation shows that the proposed biosensor can reach a sensitivity as high as 584 GHz/RIU at the EP with polarization-insensitive stability across a ±35° angle range. Experimentally, the biosensor achieves a sensitivity up to 1030.51 kHz/ (cell/mL\u0000⁻¹\u0000) in detecting different biological cells. Principal component analysis is used to reduce the dimensionality of features composed of frequency shifts and peak amplitudes. A random forest model is then used to classify the processed features and achieves a 98.9% identification accuracy. The proposed biosensor demonstrates capabilities of highly sensitive detection of cancer cells, providing an effective and rapid method for early cancer screening, grading, and staging.","PeriodicalId":13258,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology","volume":"15 1","pages":"28-36"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142938256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}