IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology Information for Authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TTHZ.2024.3450149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TTHZ.2024.3450149","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13258,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology","volume":"14 5","pages":"779-780"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10669951","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142159973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Tricoupled Resonant-Based Terahertz Switch Utilizing Tail-Transmission-Line with Ultra-Low Insertion Loss and Intrinsic ESD-Protection","authors":"Nengxu Zhu;Yiting Zhang;Fanyi Meng","doi":"10.1109/TTHZ.2024.3451625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TTHZ.2024.3451625","url":null,"abstract":"This letter presents a cell-based single-pole single-throw (SPST) switch adopting tricoupled resonant topology. Due to the inherent characteristics of the physically isolated structure and the introduction of isolation-enhanced tail-transmission-lines, the switch features low insertion loss (IL), high linearity, and electrostatic discharge (ESD) self-protection. Implemented in 0.13-\u0000<italic>μ</i>\u0000m SiGe BiCMOS process, the switch achieves a minimum IL of 1.35 dB @ 228 GHz, 17–23 dB isolation from 200 to 250 GHz, and >8 kV HBM ESD pulse, which is suitable for millimeter-wave and terahertz wireless communication and imaging systems. The chip occupies a core area of 0.0078 mm\u0000²\u0000 and exhibits the highest figure of merit among similar SPST switches.","PeriodicalId":13258,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology","volume":"14 6","pages":"884-887"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142579231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Polarization Effect on Terahertz-Enhanced Air Plasma Acoustic Emission","authors":"Guoyang Wang;Bodong Yang;Rui Zhang;Minghao Zhang;Wen Xiao;Weihao Zhang;Haixu Zhao;Cunlin Zhang;Liangliang Zhang","doi":"10.1109/TTHZ.2024.3450196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TTHZ.2024.3450196","url":null,"abstract":"Terahertz (THz)-enhanced air plasma acoustic emission has been used to investigate plasma dynamics and detect THz pulses. Here, we report the laser polarization dependence of air plasma acoustic wave under THz field illumination. The angular distribution of plasma acoustic emission is systematically characterized. The THz-enhanced acoustic efficiency for laser pulse with circular polarization is obviously higher than that with linear polarization, although the acoustic pressure induced by circularly polarized laser pulse is smaller. We attribute this effect to THz-driven electron acceleration and subsequent electron–molecule collision, while the electron densities and THz wave absorptions in plasma are significantly distinct for different laser polarizations due to multiphoton ionization in air. Our findings provide useful information for THz–plasma interaction and hold potential to further strengthen the THz detection capability through “listening” to the plasma.","PeriodicalId":13258,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology","volume":"14 6","pages":"851-856"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142579229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced Frequency Response in Coherent Photoconductive Pulsed Sources Using Leaky Wave Connected Arrays","authors":"Martijn D. Huiskes;Juan Bueno;Huasheng Zhang;Paolo Maria Sberna;Nuria Llombart;Andrea Neto","doi":"10.1109/TTHZ.2024.3449123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TTHZ.2024.3449123","url":null,"abstract":"Current time-domain systems based on photoconductive antennas relate their performance to the amount of THz power that they can generate as well as to their dynamic range. Although these are important parameters to characterize such systems, the quality of the beam patterns generated by them, and their spectral response are usually not taken into consideration during the design. This results in high dispersion or low radiation efficiency due to the poor coupling between the transmitter and receiver PCAs over the large bandwidth at which they operate. Photoconductive connected array (PCCA) sources have previously shown to enable THz radiation with mW power level and clean beam patterns. In this article, we present the design, fabrication, and characterization of a novel PCCA design, where a leaky wave cavity is added to the structure to further increase the bandwidth of operation. The performance of the leaky enhanced design is improved with respect to the previous design.","PeriodicalId":13258,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology","volume":"14 6","pages":"843-850"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142579212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating Performance Enhancement of CMOS Terahertz Detectors With Different Topological Structures at 2.58 THz","authors":"Xin Zhang;Haipeng Fu;Kaixue Ma;Ningning Yan;Yaxuan Liu;Jiancheng Huang","doi":"10.1109/TTHZ.2024.3447154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TTHZ.2024.3447154","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we designed a terahertz (THz) detector chip based on field-effect transistors utilizing a standard 55-nm complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor process. The chip includes eight different detector structures to explore the impact of various factors on detector performance. Each detector, characterized by its unique structural design, exhibited varying levels of parasitic capacitance, port impedance matching, and asymmetry, all impacting the detector's responsivity (\u0000<italic>R_v</i>\u0000). Building on the previous nonquasi-static model, this research introduced a comprehensive THz detector model by incorporating plasma wave detection theory, antenna impedance, parasitic effects of the detector, port impedance, and load effects. We also derived the mathematical expression for \u0000<italic>R_v</i>\u0000 in the nonresonant mode. The multiple different structures detectors integrated with antenna-on-chip achieved the maximum \u0000<italic>R_v</i>\u0000 of 437.6V/W and the minimum noise-equivalent power (NEP) of 119 pW/Hz\u0000^1/2\u0000 at 2.58 THz. We then conducted scanning imaging on a paper envelope containing a screw. The appearance of the screw and the details of creases at various thicknesses on the envelope were clearly visible. Analysis indicated that the detector's \u0000<italic>R_v</i>\u0000 and NEP are closely linked to several factors, including the match between the antenna and the detector, the parasitic capacitance at the THz wave coupling site, the maximization of THz wave energy coupled to the detector, the appropriate size of the detector, and the asymmetry between the source and drain.","PeriodicalId":13258,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology","volume":"14 6","pages":"808-822"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142579230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linearity of Fast and Highly Sensitive LiTaO$_{3}$ Pyroelectric Detectors in the Terahertz Range","authors":"Ashutosh Sharma;Vineet Gupta;Joon-Gon Son;Abhishek Gupta;János Bohus;József A. Fülöp;Thomas Gebert","doi":"10.1109/TTHZ.2024.3445603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TTHZ.2024.3445603","url":null,"abstract":"In response to single-cycle THz pulses, we measured the linearity parameter of lithium tantalate pyroelectric detectors, over nearly three orders of magnitude in pulse energy, up to 2 \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$mu$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000J. The response was linear up to 1 \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$mu$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000J pulse energy and 25 \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$mu$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000J/cm\u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$^{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 energy flux, and sublinear at higher irradiations. This finding shows the importance of characterizing the detector response linearity for accurate THz metrology. The detectors had high sensitivity in single-pulse detection mode up to 10 kHz repetition rate.","PeriodicalId":13258,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology","volume":"14 6","pages":"823-829"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10638827","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142579189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Multiband Terahertz Detector in 65-nm CMOS for Spectroscopic Imaging","authors":"Zhao-Yang Liu;Feng Qi;Ye-Long Wang;Peng-Xiang Liu;Wei-Fan Li","doi":"10.1109/TTHZ.2024.3442438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TTHZ.2024.3442438","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes a low-area multiband terahertz (THz) detector structure for spectroscopic imaging, which consists of several narrow-band THz detectors with different detection frequencies. By combining the output of the narrow-band detectors, broadband detection is realized. The detection frequency can be expanded by adding more narrow-band detectors with different detection bands. To reduce the whole area of the detector, a loop antenna is used in each narrow-band detector to realize a nestable architecture, where the high-frequency antennas are successively placed in the low-frequency antennas with the same center position. The area is determined only by the narrow-band detector with the lowest detection frequency. Each of the narrow-band detectors adopts a conventional self-mixing detection structure, including an FET-based power detection circuit, an on-chip loop antenna, and a matching network. Two spiral structures are proposed as the matching network to improve the performance of each narrow-band detector. Using the multiband detector structure, a detector with eight frequency bands has been implemented in the 65-nm CMOS process, which achieves effective detection in the 75–1100 GHz range with an area of only 244 × 244 \u0000<italic>μ</i>\u0000m\u0000²\u0000. A peak voltage responsivity (\u0000<italic>R_v</i>\u0000) of 1.4 kV/W and a minimum noise equivalent power of 17 pW/Hz\u0000^1/2\u0000 are achieved. A set of spectrum analysis experiments and imaging experiments verify the practicability of the multiband detector structure.","PeriodicalId":13258,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology","volume":"14 6","pages":"781-790"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142579146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"8×8 Patch-Antenna-Coupled TeraFET Detector Array for Terahertz Quantum-Cascade-Laser Applications","authors":"Jakob Holstein;Nicholas K. North;Michael D. Horbury;Sanchit Kondawar;Imon Kundu;Mohammed Salih;Anastasiya Krysl;Lianhe Li;Edmund H. Linfield;Joshua R. Freeman;Alexander Valavanis;Alvydas Lisauskas;Hartmut G. Roskos","doi":"10.1109/TTHZ.2024.3438429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TTHZ.2024.3438429","url":null,"abstract":"Monolithically integrated, antenna-coupled field-effect transistors (TeraFETs) are rapid and sensitive detectors for the terahertz range (0.3–10 THz) that can operate at room temperature. We conducted experimental characterizations of a singlepatch-antenna-coupled TeraFET optimized for 3.4 THz operation and its integration into an 8×8 multielement detector configuration. In this configuration, the entire TeraFET array operates as a unified detector element, combining the output signals of all detector elements. Both detectors were realized using a mature commercial Si-CMOS 65-nm process node. Our experimental characterization employed single-mode quantum-cascade lasers (QCLs) emitting at 2.85 and 3.4 THz. The 8×8 multielement detector yields two major improvements for sensitive power detection experiments. First, the larger detector area simplifies alignment and enhances signal stability. Second, the reduced detector impedance enabled the implementation of a TeraFET+QCL system capable of providing a -3 dB modulation bandwidth up to 21 MHz, which is currently limited primarily by the chosen readout circuitry. Finally, we validate the system's performance by providing high-resolution gas spectroscopy data for methanol vapor around 3.4 THz, where a detection limit of \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$1.6 times 10^{-5}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 absorbance or \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$2.6times 10^{11} text{molecules}/text{cm}^{3}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 was estimated.","PeriodicalId":13258,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology","volume":"14 6","pages":"799-807"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142579144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of 0.6-THz Continuous-Wave Irradiation on Pathologically Relevant Protein Aggregates","authors":"Antonia Intze;Maria Eleonora Temperini;Giorgio Gregori;Federica Verde;Michele Ortolani;Valeria Giliberti","doi":"10.1109/TTHZ.2024.3435397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TTHZ.2024.3435397","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we investigated the effect of continuous-wave (CW) radiation at 0.6 THz on pathological protein aggregates in the form of amyloid fibrils, i.e., ordered protein complexes linked to neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's and Frontotemporal Dementia. To monitor the effect of terahertz (THz) irradiation, we exploited mid-infrared (mid-IR) vibrational spectroscopy in the amide-I band range, whose lineshape is known to depend on the protein conformation and on how proteins arrange into ordered supramolecular complexes such as fibrils. We coupled the focused THz beam to two different IR-based spectrometers: a conventional Fourier-transform IR (FTIR) Michelson interferometer where the estimated THz electric field is of the order of \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$sim$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u00001 \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$frac{text{V}}{{{text {cm}}}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000; and an atomic force microscopy-assisted (AFM-IR) near-field spectrometer based on a tunable mid-IR quantum cascade laser, where a much higher electric field (\u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$sim$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u00000.1 \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$frac{{{text {kV}}}}{text{cm}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000) is mainly achieved thanks to the field enhancement provided by the use of a metallic AFM tip and sample support. In the first case, we interpreted the modification of the amide-I band upon THz irradiation in terms of an increase of the intermolecular forces within fibrils in response to environmental changes induced by THz irradiation (change of hydration). On the other hand, nonthermal effects are observed in the high-THz-field experiments performed on isolated fibril agglomerates in dry condition with the AFM-assisted spectrometer. The IR spectral response upon prolonged THz irradiation contains only the protein contribution and we obtain a different trend compared to the FTIR experiments, i.e., a weakening of the intermolecular forces, here directly induced by THz absorption and not mediated by changes of the environmental conditions. One can envision that further increase of the THz field value, such as with pulsed laser, can lead to the disassembly of protein fibrils.","PeriodicalId":13258,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology","volume":"14 5","pages":"652-660"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142165034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fully Electrically Driven Liquid Crystal Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface for Terahertz Beam Steering","authors":"Lu Xu;Kaiwen Li;Guozhen Zhang;Jun Yang;Zhiping Yin;Mincheng Zhong;Hongbo Lu;Guangsheng Deng;Ying Li","doi":"10.1109/TTHZ.2024.3435506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TTHZ.2024.3435506","url":null,"abstract":"A rapid response reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) based on liquid crystals (LCs) is demonstrated for terahertz beam steering. A wire-controlled metasurface array is achieved by substituting the metal backplane of conventional reconfigurable metasurfaces with pixelated grating electrodes. Notably, the RIS employs bias voltage control across its full states, facilitating accelerated transitions between them. It significantly enhances the response speed of the proposed LC device. Simulation and test results consistently indicate that the RIS exhibits outstanding beam steering capability at the optimal operating frequency of 415 GHz. Specifically, the proposed RIS realizes wide-angle beam scanning from 20° to 60°. Our work is expected to have potential applications in 6G communications, vortex beam generation, and imaging.","PeriodicalId":13258,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology","volume":"14 5","pages":"708-717"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142159952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}