Helicobacter最新文献

{"title":"Elucidating the Pathogenic Role of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Hematologic Disorders: Mechanistic Insights and Future Perspectives.","authors":"Kimia Fathalizade, Fattaneh Sabzehali, Michael Doulberis, Sinéad Marian Smith, Christian Schulz, Mohammad Reza Zali, Abbas Yadegar","doi":"10.1111/hel.70136","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hel.70136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a helical, flagellated Gram-negative bacterium, exhibits remarkable adaptability within the human gastric niche, enabling survival under acidic, nutrient-limited, and oxidative stress conditions. Beyond its established role in gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric adenocarcinoma, accumulating evidence implicates H. pylori in a spectrum of hematologic disorders. Iron deficiency anemia (IDA), vitamin B12 deficiency, immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma represent the most substantiated associations. Pathogenesis is multifactorial, encompassing chronic inflammation, cytokine dysregulation, molecular mimicry, impaired micronutrient absorption, and virulence factor-mediated disruption of host cellular processes, notably through CagA, VacA, SabA, and BabA components. In IDA and vitamin B12 deficiency, H. pylori-induced hypochlorhydria, altered gastric ascorbate levels, and hepcidin upregulation compromise systemic iron and cobalamin homeostasis. In contrast, in ITP, cross-reactivity between bacterial antigens and platelet epitopes triggers the production of autoantibodies and accelerates platelet clearance. Chronic antigenic stimulation and epigenetic modifications underpin lymphomagenesis in gastric MALT lymphoma, with treatment response modulated by strain-specific virulence, host genetics, and somatic translocations affecting NF-κB signaling. Clinical evidence demonstrates that targeted eradication therapy, often in combination with micronutrient supplementation, significantly restores hematologic parameters and mitigates systemic sequelae, yet patient-specific variability necessitates individualized management strategies. This review integrates current mechanistic and clinical insights into H. pylori-associated hematologic manifestations, highlighting the bacterium's systemic impact, elucidating therapeutic implications, and identifying critical gaps for future research aimed at optimizing diagnostic precision, intervention efficacy, and prognostic outcomes in affected populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":13223,"journal":{"name":"Helicobacter","volume":"31 3","pages":"e70136"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147948122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Vonoprazan-Based Dual Therapies With Different Antibiotics Versus Bismuth-Containing Quadruple Therapy for Helicobacter pylori Eradication: A Prospective, Four-Arm, Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Jie Li, Deng-Hua Li, Qi-Qi Guo, Ju Zhang, Xiao-Jing Zhu, Yu-Hao Liu, Yan-Peng Zhang, Min Chen, Yong-Quan Shi","doi":"10.1111/hel.70132","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hel.70132","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vonoprazan-based dual therapy has been proposed as a simplified strategy for Helicobacter pylori eradication, but head-to-head comparisons of different antibiotic partners are limited. We compared the efficacy, safety, and adherence of vonoprazan-based dual regimens with those of bismuth-containing quadruple therapy (BQT).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this randomized controlled trial, H. pylori-infected patients were allocated (1:1:1:1) to receive VA (vonoprazan [20 mg, bid] plus amoxicillin [1000 mg, tid]), VT (vonoprazan [20 mg, bid] plus tetracycline [500 mg, tid]), VM (vonoprazan [20 mg, bid] plus minocycline [100 mg, bid]), or VACB (vonoprazan [20 mg, bid], amoxicillin [1000 mg, bid], clarithromycin [500 mg, bid], and bismuth [220 mg, bid]) for 14 days. The primary endpoint was the H. pylori eradication rate, and the secondary endpoints were the incidence of adverse events and patient adherence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ITT eradication rates were 83.0% (83/100), 74.0% (74/100), 82.0% (82/100), and 83.0% (83/100) in the VA, VT, VM, and VACB groups, respectively (p = 0.304). The PP eradication rates were 90.2% (83/92), 83.1% (74/89), 88.2% (82/93), and 92.2% (83/90), respectively (p = 0.262). Adverse events occurred in 21.5% of the patients overall and differed across groups (10.0%, 15.0%, 29.0%, and 32.0% in VA, VT, VM, and VACB, respectively; p < 0.001); nausea and dizziness were more frequent with VM, whereas bitter taste and black stool were more frequent with VACB. All adverse events were mild or moderate, and no severe events were recorded. Adherence was high and comparable across groups (VA 100.0%, VT 96.0%, VM 99.0%, VACB 99.0%; p = 0.107).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Vonoprazan-based regimens showed no statistically significant between-group differences in eradication and were associated with good adherence overall. In our setting, VA and VM may represent practical simplified options, whereas VT appeared less robust as an empiric regimen. These exploratory findings warrant confirmation in larger, adequately powered randomized trials.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT07068607).</p>","PeriodicalId":13223,"journal":{"name":"Helicobacter","volume":"31 3","pages":"e70132"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13179561/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147948134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Term Effect of Helicobacter pylori Eradication on Gastric Atrophy and Intestinal Metaplasia After Endoscopic Resection of Gastric Neoplasm: A Follow-Up of a Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Young-Il Kim, Jong Yeul Lee, Chan Gyoo Kim, Myeong-Cherl Kook, Boram Park, Il Ju Choi","doi":"10.1111/hel.70139","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hel.70139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Our previous randomized controlled trial reported that Helicobacter pylori eradication reduced the risk of metachronous gastric cancer over a median follow-up of 5.9 years in patients with early gastric cancer (EGC) and improved corpus gastric atrophy (GA) at the specific 3 year follow-up time. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term effects of H. pylori eradication on GA and intestinal metaplasia (IM) at trial closeout.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Among 470 patients randomized between 2003 and 2013, 327 who were assessed for GA and IM at both baseline and 3-year follow-up time were included in the study. At trial closeout, H. pylori status, GA, and IM were assessed. Main outcomes were improvement in GA and IM at the corpus lesser curvature (LC) according to the H. pylori status at the closeout time. The secondary outcomes included the Operative Link for Gastritis Assessment (OLGA) and Operative Link for Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia assessment (OLGIM) stage improvements.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At a median follow-up of 5.9 years (interquartile range: 4.0-8.2 years), an improvement in GA grades at the corpus LC was observed in 88 of the 150 patients (58.7%) in the H. pylori-eradicated group and 31 of the 158 patients (19.6%) in the H. pylori-persistent group (odds ratio [OR] in the H. pylori-eradicated group, 5.81; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.49-9.68). IM grades showed greater improvement in the H. pylori-eradicated group (42.4% [67/158 patients]) compared with the H. pylori-persistent group (18.6% [31/167 patients]); OR in the eradicated group (3.23; 95% CI, 1.96-5.33). Similarly, the H. pylori-eradicated group exhibited significantly higher rates of improvement in both OLGA (OR 6.48; 95% CI, 3.85-10.91) and OLGIM stages (OR 2.31; 95% CI, 1.42-3.77).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In patients with EGC who have far advanced histologic changes in the background mucosa, H. pylori eradication was associated with a significant improvement in GA and IM.</p>","PeriodicalId":13223,"journal":{"name":"Helicobacter","volume":"31 3","pages":"e70139"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147947935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Eradication Rate of a Potassium-Competitive Acid Blocker-Based Minocycline, Furazolidone, and Bismuth Regimen for Refractory Helicobacter pylori Infection: A Real-World Study.","authors":"Ji-Yan Li, Ying-Ying Han, Dong-Yan Li, Jing-Mei Liu, Zhen-Zhen Zhou, Ya-Ni Zhou, Lin Tuo, Xiao-Jiao Yao, Mei Liu, Ge Wang, Pei-Yuan Li","doi":"10.1111/hel.70128","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hel.70128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Management of refractory Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection remains challenging due to increasing antibiotic resistance and limited effective rescue options. Minocycline and furazolidone retain low resistance rates, while potassium-competitive acid blockers (P-CABs) provide potent and sustained acid suppression. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a 14-day P-CAB-based regimen combining minocycline, furazolidone, and bismuth in patients with refractory H. pylori infection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From January 2023 to October 2025, clinical data were collected from patients with refractory H. pylori infection who received the above regimen at Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China. Eradication was assessed by a urea breath test performed at least 4 weeks after treatment. Adverse events during treatment were recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 368 patients were included in modified intention-to-treat analysis. Of them, 183 (49.7%) had two previous eradication failures, 165 (44.8%) had three to four failures, and 20 (5.4%) had five or more failures. Among the 143 patients who underwent antibiotic resistance gene testing, the resistance rates to clarithromycin and quinolones were 96.5% and 79.7%, respectively. The H. pylori eradication rate was 92.7% (95% CI 89.5%-94.9%) in modified intention-to-treat analysis and 96.4% (95% CI 93.8%-97.9%) in per-protocol analysis. Adverse events occurred in 25.8% of patients and were predominantly mild to moderate, with dizziness (9.5%), nausea (5.2%), and abdominal distension (5.2%) most common. Poor compliance (OR = 18.14, 95% CI 6.39-51.51) and peptic ulcer (OR = 4.34, 95% CI 1.27-14.82) were independently associated with eradication failure.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The 14-day regimen of P-CAB, minocycline, furazolidone, and bismuth is highly effective and well tolerated in patients with refractory H. pylori infection. This regimen represents a promising empirical rescue therapy, particularly in settings where antimicrobial susceptibility testing is unavailable.</p>","PeriodicalId":13223,"journal":{"name":"Helicobacter","volume":"31 3","pages":"e70128"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13179562/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147948204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Dose Dual Therapy Versus Bismuth-Containing Quadruple Therapy as Rescue Treatment for Helicobacter pylori Infection: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Liang Zhang, Jian Liu, Da Li, Yali Wang","doi":"10.1111/hel.70133","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hel.70133","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Bismuth-containing quadruple therapy (BQT) is recommended for H. pylori rescue treatment, but many patients cope with pill burden and adverse events. High-dose dual therapy (HDDT) may be easier to tolerate. We compared HDDT with BQT in rescue therapy.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We followed PRISMA 2020 (PROSPERO CRD420251266898) and searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science Core Collection, CiNii Research, and Major Chinese Databases (CNKI, Wanfang Data, and VIP) through December 16, 2025. We pooled head-to-head rescue RCTs comparing HDDT (PPI/PCAB + Amoxicillin ≥ 3 g/Day, ≥ TID) with BQT using random-effects models. risk of bias was assessed with RoB 2 and certainty with GRADE. TSA assessed information size for the primary ITT outcome.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ten RCTs (n = 2407) showed comparable ITT eradication for HDDT vs. BQT (79.9% vs. 79.9%, RR 1.01, 95% CI 0.97-1.05; I² = 3.9%). Any adverse events were less frequent with HDDT (122/1135, 10.7%) than BQT (334/1123, 29.7%). The corresponding meta-analysis (expressed as AE-free so that RR > 1 favors HDDT) showed RR 1.27, 95% CI 1.15-1.41. TSA suggested that the required information size for the primary ITT outcome was reached, making a clinically important (≥ 10%) relative difference in ITT eradication unlikely.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In rescue patients without penicillin allergy, HDDT achieves eradication comparable to BQT while causing far fewer adverse events. HDDT is a practical rescue option when BQT is poorly tolerated, although most evidence comes from China and reporting of adherence and resistance is uneven.</p>","PeriodicalId":13223,"journal":{"name":"Helicobacter","volume":"31 3","pages":"e70133"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147948234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gastric Cancer Prevention Efforts in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Example of Zambia and Nigeria.","authors":"Violet Kayamba, Stella Smith","doi":"10.1111/hel.70108","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hel.70108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Without any intervention, a more than six-fold increase in gastric cancer cases is expected in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) among people born between 2008 and 2017. Therefore, initiatives aimed at curbing this projected increase are urgently required. In this review, we highlight the efforts made in two SSA countries, Zambia and Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A thorough review of the published literature on gastric cancer in both countries was conducted. We did not employ any time limits, and all information sources were consistent with our predetermined objectives. Articles in English were obtained from Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, and AJOL. We also conducted an in-depth analysis of the gastric cancer risk factors reported in Zambia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Zambia and Nigeria lack active population-based gastric cancer prevention programs. However, concerted efforts are being made to understand the occurrence of gastric cancer and its major risk factor, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. As in other countries, H. pylori resistance to commonly used antibiotics affects the success rate of eradication therapy. Initiatives are underway to collect robust data and design optimal therapies for H. pylori eradication that are suitable for the SSA population.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Zambia and Nigeria have recently made significant strides in collating information on gastric cancer and its risk factors. This is despite the many prevailing challenges, compounded by resource limitations.</p>","PeriodicalId":13223,"journal":{"name":"Helicobacter","volume":"31 3","pages":"e70108"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147948265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to \"Tegoprazan-Based Triple Therapy for Helicobacter pylori Eradication: A Phase III Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial\".","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/hel.70141","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hel.70141","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13223,"journal":{"name":"Helicobacter","volume":"31 3","pages":"e70141"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13484170/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147948136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gastric Cancer Incidence After Helicobacter pylori Eradication and Lifestyle-Related Risk Factors: A Population-Based Cohort Study.","authors":"Junya Arai, Ryota Niikura, Yoku Hayakawa, Hiroaki Fujiwara, Mitsuhiro Fujishiro, Masato Kasuga","doi":"10.1111/hel.70138","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hel.70138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Backgrounds: </strong>Although Helicobacter pylori (Hp) eradication reduces gastric cancer (GC) risk, GC still develops in some patients after successful eradication. Population-based data on post-eradication GC incidence and lifestyle-related risk factors remain limited. This study aimed to assess GC incidence after Hp eradication and to identify associated lifestyle factors in a nationwide cohort.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective cohort study using Japanese healthcare insurance claims and medical check-up data from 2014 to 2023. Patients who have successfully eradicated Hp were included. GC development 1 year or more after eradication was the primary outcome. The follow-up period extended from 1 year after the initiation of eradication medication until the final insurance record, GC development, or death. GC incidence and risk factors were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age and sex.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 59,274 patients (mean age 64.9 years; 44.6% male), 649 (1.44%) developed GC during a mean follow-up of 3.66 years, with a cumulative incidence of 1.47% at 5 years. Male and older age at the Hp eradication was significantly associated with increased GC incidence (p < 0.001, 1og-rank test). Among various lifestyle factors, only smoking was independently associated with GC risk (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.37, 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) 1.05-1.78). Everyday alcohol consumption in the current smokers is associated with GC risk (aHR 1.80, 95% CI 1.22-2.66), compared with non-smokers/drinkers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>GC remains a clinically important outcome even after Hp eradication. Smoking was associated with a higher risk of post-eradicated GC, and smoking cessation may contribute to risk reduction in this population. These findings suggest that lifestyle factors, together with host characteristics such as age, male sex, and alcohol consumption, may be considered when designing risk-stratified surveillance strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":13223,"journal":{"name":"Helicobacter","volume":"31 3","pages":"e70138"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147948193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Report of National Consensus Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Iran.","authors":"Aryan Salahi-Niri, Anahita Sadeghi, Marjan Mokhtare, Foroogh Alborzi Avanaki, Mohammad Taher, Afsaneh Mirshahvelayati, Mohammad Reza Zali, Amir Sadeghi, Abbas Yadegar","doi":"10.1111/hel.70137","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hel.70137","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Helicobacter pylori infection remains a major public health concern in Iran, where high prevalence, alarming antibiotic resistance, and significant gastric cancer burden necessitate a unified and evidence-based national strategy. Despite the availability of international guidelines, gaps in clinical practice persist due to local epidemiology, resistance patterns, and diagnostic challenges. This study presents the first national Iranian consensus guideline for the diagnosis and management of H. pylori infection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A multidisciplinary panel of experts from leading Iranian gastroenterology centers convened between August 2023 and October 2025. Using the GRADE framework, the scientific committee conducted systematic literature reviews and formulated evidence-based statements across diagnostic, therapeutic, and clinical management domains. Consensus was defined as ≥ 80% agreement. Twelve structured meetings, including a final hybrid national consensus conference, were held to refine recommendations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The guideline delivers 35 evidence-graded statements addressing indications for testing and treatment, optimal diagnostic modalities, and treatment pathways. Key recommendations include a strong preference for non-invasive testing in patients under 45 without alarm features, endoscopic evaluation with targeted biopsies in high-risk groups, and confirmation of eradication using urea breath test (UBT) or monoclonal stool antigen test (SAT) at ≥ 4 weeks post-treatment. Given Iran's high clarithromycin resistance (> 20%), a course of 10-14 days bismuth quadruple therapy (BQT) is recommended as first-line treatment, with non-bismuth concomitant therapy as an alternative. Susceptibility-guided therapy is encouraged when feasible, particularly after treatment failure. High-dose proton pump inhibitor (PPI) or potassium competitive acid blocker (P-CAB)-based acid suppression is emphasized to enhance eradication efficacy. Special considerations are provided for renal/hepatic impairment and drug interactions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This national guideline provides a standardized, evidence-based framework for improving H. pylori diagnosis and management. By integrating local antimicrobial resistance patterns and practical clinical considerations, the guideline helps optimize eradication rates, reinforce antibiotic stewardship, and contribute to gastric cancer prevention efforts across Iran.</p>","PeriodicalId":13223,"journal":{"name":"Helicobacter","volume":"31 3","pages":"e70137"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147948105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13223,"journal":{"name":"Helicobacter","volume":"31 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148097889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}