Helicobacter最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection among Slovenian children and adolescents: A prospective cohort study","authors":"Anja Šterbenc,&nbsp;Uroš Godnov,&nbsp;Polona Maver Vodičar,&nbsp;Saša Simčič,&nbsp;Samo Jeverica,&nbsp;Živa Zaletel,&nbsp;Pia Homan,&nbsp;Eva Miler Mojškerc,&nbsp;Matjaž Homan","doi":"10.1111/hel.13082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/hel.13082","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Helicobacter pylori</i> (<i>H. pylori</i>) infection is primarily acquired in childhood and is notably influenced by socioeconomic variances across different geographical regions. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of <i>H. pylori</i> infection in Slovenian children and to identify potential risk factors that facilitate the infection.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Between 2019 and 2022, we conducted a multi-center prospective cross-sectional study among healthy children residing in three different administrative regions in Slovenia. <i>H. pylori</i> infection status was determined using a monoclonal antibody-based stool antigen test (SAT). A standardized questionnaire was designed to evaluate the influence of various <i>H. pylori</i>-associated risk factors, including demographics and socioeconomic, housing and sanitation conditions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>During the 3-year period, we recruited a total of 421 children and adolescents (age range 2–18 years, mean age 10.29 ± 4.95 years). Overall, 46 (10.9%) were diagnosed with <i>H. pylori</i> infection. No associations were found between <i>H. pylori</i> prevalence rates and increasing age, sex, parental education level, country of birth of the child or their parents, number of household members, household income, having a dishwasher, owning a pet, duration of breastfeeding, fruit intake frequency, drinking tap water, and handwashing practices. The only parameters associated with an increased risk of infection were the location of the school (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and living in an urban area (<i>p</i> = 0.036). The odds of infection were approximately 4.77 times higher if the child attended school in the Central Slovenian compared to other regions (OR = 4.77; 95% CI 0.87–2.34).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This is the first study providing information on the prevalence of <i>H. pylori</i> infection among Slovenian children and adolescents. Using SAT, we have shown that the burden of <i>H. pylori</i> infection in our pediatric population is low; however, it seems to depend on regional rather than socioeconomic factors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13223,"journal":{"name":"Helicobacter","volume":"29 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140808003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic performance of linked color imaging for gastric cancer by Helicobacter pylori infection status: A subanalysis of the large-scale, multicenter randomized controlled trial LCI-FIND","authors":"Mototsugu Kato,&nbsp;Shoko Ono,&nbsp;Kenro Kawada,&nbsp;Osamu Dohi,&nbsp;Shinji Kitamura,&nbsp;Tomoyuki Koike,&nbsp;Shinichiro Hori,&nbsp;Hiromitsu Kanzaki,&nbsp;Takahisa Murao,&nbsp;Nobuaki Yagi,&nbsp;Fumisato Sasaki,&nbsp;Keiichi Hashiguchi,&nbsp;Shiro Oka,&nbsp;Kazuhiro Katada,&nbsp;Ryo Shimoda,&nbsp;Kazuhiro Mizukami,&nbsp;Mitsuhiko Suehiro,&nbsp;Toshihisa Takeuchi,&nbsp;Shinichi Katsuki,&nbsp;Momoko Tsuda,&nbsp;Yuji Naito,&nbsp;Tatsuyuki Kawano,&nbsp;Ken Haruma,&nbsp;Keita Mori,&nbsp;Hideki Ishikawa","doi":"10.1111/hel.13080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/hel.13080","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Linked color imaging (LCI) is a new image enhancement technology that facilitates the recognition of subtle differences in mucosal color. In the large-scale, multicenter randomized controlled trial LCI-FIND, LCI demonstrated good diagnostic performance for the detection of tumor lesions in the upper gastrointestinal tract. The aim of the present study was to exploratively evaluate the diagnostic performance of LCI according to <i>H. pylori</i> infection status as a subanalysis of LCI-FIND trial.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The patients were randomly allocated to receive white light imaging (WLI) first, followed by LCI (WLI group), or vice versa (LCI group), and the two groups were compared for the detection of tumors. Data from this trial were analyzed by the presence/absence of <i>H. pylori</i> infection and further analyzed by successful or unsuccessful eradication in the <i>H. pylori</i> infection group.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The 752 patients in the WLI group and 750 patients in the LCI group who had participated in the LCI-FIND trial were included. In the successful eradication group, more gastric lesions were detected by primary mode in the LCI group than in the WLI group, indicating that more lesions were missed by WLI. Fisher's exact probability test for the comparison of the WLI and LCI groups yielded a <i>p</i>-value of 0.0068, with missed gastric lesions being detected 0.136 times (95% confidence interval: 0.020–0.923), significantly less with LCI than with WLI.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The current study suggests that LCI should be used for gastric cancer screening, particularly in patients with successful <i>H. pylori</i> eradication.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13223,"journal":{"name":"Helicobacter","volume":"29 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140649508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Four cases of non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter-infected gastritis with duodenal spiral bacilli","authors":"Hiroyuki Agawa,&nbsp;Toshihisa Tsukadaira,&nbsp;Natsuko Kobayashi,&nbsp;Himiko Kodaira,&nbsp;Hiroyoshi Ota,&nbsp;Takehisa Matsumoto,&nbsp;Kazuki Horiuchi,&nbsp;Tatsuya Negishi,&nbsp;Toshifumi Tada","doi":"10.1111/hel.13083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/hel.13083","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Non-<i>Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter</i> (NHPH) is rarely detected in duodenal mucosa due to its preference for slightly acidic environments. Here, we report four cases of NHPH-infected gastritis with duodenal spiral bacilli, potentially NHPH, indicating the possibility of duodenal mucosal infection.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Case Presentation</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In every case, gastric mucosa showed endoscopic findings characteristic of NHPH-infected gastritis, and a mucosal biopsy was taken from the duodenal bulb; spiral bacilli were identified under microscopy using Giemsa staining. Case 1, a 46-year-old man, had diffuse spotty redness, mucosal edema, and multiple tiny erosions in the duodenal bulb, along with larger erosions in the second portion of the duodenum upon endoscopic examination. Histopathologically, moderate infiltration of mononuclear cells and neutrophils in the lamina propria and gastric epithelial metaplasia were observed. Case 2, a 54-year-old man, showed an elevated lesion, 1 cm in diameter, with multiple red spots and a few tiny erosions in the duodenal bulb. Histopathologically, mild inflammatory cell infiltration and gastric epithelial metaplasia were observed. In Case 3, a 52-year-old man, endoscopy revealed a flat elevated lesion, 7 mm in diameter, with multiple red spots and a few tiny erosions in the anterior wall of the duodenal bulb. Histopathologically, we observed moderate inflammatory cell infiltration in the gastric antrum and gastric epithelial metaplasia in the duodenal bulb. Case 4, a 40-year-old man, showed mild spotty redness in the duodenal bulb. Histopathologically, mild mononucleocyte infiltration and gastric epithelial metaplasia were observed. A single spiral bacillus was observed in Case 4 by microscopy. In all but Case 2, <i>Helicobacter suis</i> was identified in the gastric juice by polymerase chain reaction analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Spiral bacilli resembling NHPH may infect the duodenal mucosa, particularly the bulb, causing inflammation. Gastric contents entering the duodenum may reduce the intraduodenal pH, promoting NHPH survival and proliferation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13223,"journal":{"name":"Helicobacter","volume":"29 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140649509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of microbiota in gastric cancer: A comprehensive review","authors":"Changzhen Lei,&nbsp;Yitian Xu,&nbsp;Shaopeng Zhang,&nbsp;Chen Huang,&nbsp;Jing Qin","doi":"10.1111/hel.13071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/hel.13071","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Gastric cancer (GC) continues to pose a significant global threat in terms of cancer-related fatalities. Despite notable advancements in medical research and therapies, further investigation is warranted to elucidate its underlying etiology and risk factors. Recent times have witnessed an escalated emphasis on comprehending the role of the microbiota in cancer development.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This review briefly delves into recent developments in microbiome-related research pertaining to gastric cancer.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>According to studies, the microbiota can influence GC growth by inciting inflammation, disrupting immunological processes, and generating harmful microbial metabolites. Furthermore, there is ongoing research into how the microbiome can impact a patient's response to chemotherapy and immunotherapy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The utilization of the microbiome for detecting, preventing, and managing stomach cancer remains an active area of exploration.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13223,"journal":{"name":"Helicobacter","volume":"29 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140622655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the potency of zoliflodacin against Helicobacter pylori: In vitro activity and conserved GyrB target","authors":"Jing Liu,&nbsp;Jia Jia,&nbsp;Ting Shi,&nbsp;Yuefan Bai,&nbsp;Yanqiang Huang,&nbsp;Liping Zeng,&nbsp;Hongkai Bi","doi":"10.1111/hel.13075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/hel.13075","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The current standard treatment for <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> infection, which involves a combination of two broad-spectrum antibiotics, faces significant challenges due to its detrimental impact on the gut microbiota and the emergence of drug-resistant strains. This underscores the urgent requirement for the development of novel anti-<i>H. pylori</i> drugs. Zoliflodacin, a novel bacterial gyrase inhibitor, is currently undergoing global phase III clinical trials for treating uncomplicated <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i>. However, there is no available data regarding its activity against <i>H</i>. <i>pylori</i>.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We evaluated the in vitro activity of zoliflodacin against <i>H. pylori</i> clinical isolates (<i>n</i> = 123) with diverse multidrug resistance. We performed DNA gyrase supercoiling and microscale thermophoresis assays to identify the target of zoliflodacin in <i>H. pylori</i>. We analyzed 2262 <i>H. pylori</i> whole genome sequences to identify Asp424Asn and Lys445Asn mutations in DNA gyrase subunit B (GyrB) that are associated with zoliflodacin resistance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Zoliflodacin exhibits potent activity against all tested isolates, with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 0.008 to 1 μg/mL (MIC₅₀: 0.125 μg/mL; MIC₉₀: 0.25 μg/mL). Importantly, there was no evidence of cross-resistance to any of the four first-line antibiotics commonly used against <i>H. pylori</i>. We identified GyrB as the primary target of zoliflodacin, with Asp424Asn or Lys445Asn substitutions conferring resistance. Screening of 2262 available <i>H. pylori</i> genomes for the two mutations revealed only one clinical isolate carrying Asp424Asn substitution.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings support the potential of zoliflodacin as a promising candidate for <i>H. pylori</i> treatment, warranting further development and evaluation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13223,"journal":{"name":"Helicobacter","volume":"29 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140559654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A reconstructed genome-scale metabolic model of Helicobacter pylori for predicting putative drug targets in clarithromycin and rifampicin resistance conditions","authors":"Sepideh Mofidifar,&nbsp;Abbas Yadegar,&nbsp;Mohammad Hossein Karimi-Jafari","doi":"10.1111/hel.13074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/hel.13074","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Helicobacter pylori</i> is considered a true human pathogen for which rising drug resistance constitutes a drastic concern globally. The present study aimed to reconstruct a genome-scale metabolic model (GSMM) to decipher the metabolic capability of <i>H. pylori</i> strains in response to clarithromycin and rifampicin along with identification of novel drug targets.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The iIT341 model of <i>H. pylori</i> was updated based on genome annotation data, and biochemical knowledge from literature and databases. Context-specific models were generated by integrating the transcriptomic data of clarithromycin and rifampicin resistance into the model. Flux balance analysis was employed for identifying essential genes in each strain, which were further prioritized upon being nonhomologs to humans, virulence factor analysis, druggability, and broad-spectrum analysis. Additionally, metabolic differences between sensitive and resistant strains were also investigated based on flux variability analysis and pathway enrichment analysis of transcriptomic data.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The reconstructed GSMM was named as HpM485 model. Pathway enrichment and flux variability analyses demonstrated reduced activity in the ribosomal pathway in both clarithromycin- and rifampicin-resistant strains. Also, a significant decrease was detected in the activity of metabolic pathways of clarithromycin-resistant strain. Moreover, 23 and 16 essential genes were exclusively detected in clarithromycin- and rifampicin-resistant strains, respectively. Based on prioritization analysis, cyclopropane fatty acid synthase and phosphoenolpyruvate synthase were identified as putative drug targets in clarithromycin- and rifampicin-resistant strains, respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We present a robust and reliable metabolic model of <i>H. pylori</i>. This model can predict novel drug targets to combat drug resistance and explore the metabolic capability of <i>H. pylori</i> in various conditions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13223,"journal":{"name":"Helicobacter","volume":"29 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140553128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of cefuroxime in the eradication therapy of Helicobacter pylori infection: A review article","authors":"Changmin Mi,&nbsp;Baojun Suo,&nbsp;Xueli Tian,&nbsp;Yuxin Wang,&nbsp;Lingling Ma,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Song","doi":"10.1111/hel.13073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/hel.13073","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Helicobacter pylori</i> infection and its associated diseases represent a significant global health concern. Patients who cannot use amoxicillin pose a therapeutic challenge and necessitate alternative medications. Preliminary research indicates that cefuroxime demonstrates promising potential for eradicating <i>H. pylori</i> infection, and there is a lack of comprehensive review articles on the use of cefuroxime.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study conducts a thorough systematic literature review and synthesis. A comprehensive systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biology Medicine disc, and Wanfang Data up to January 13, 2024. The search strategy utilized the following keywords: (Cefuroxime) AND (<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> OR <i>Helicobacter nemestrinae</i> OR <i>Campylobacter pylori</i> OR <i>Campylobacter pylori</i> subsp. <i>pylori</i> OR <i>Campylobacter pyloridis</i> OR <i>H. pylori</i> OR Hp) for both English and Chinese language publications. Sixteen studies from five different countries or regions were included in final literature review.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Analysis results indicate that <i>H. pylori</i> is sensitive to cefuroxime, with resistance rates similar to amoxicillin being relatively low. Regimens containing cefuroxime have shown favorable eradication rates, which were comparable to those of the regimens containing amoxicillin. Regarding safety, the incidence of adverse reactions in cefuroxime-containing eradication regimens was comparable to that of amoxicillin-containing regimens or other bismuth quadruple regimens, with no significant increase in allergic reactions in penicillin-allergic patients. Regarding compliance, studies consistently report high compliance rates for regimens containing cefuroxime.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cefuroxime can serve as an alternative to amoxicillin for the patients allergic to penicillin with satisfactory efficacies, safety, and compliance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13223,"journal":{"name":"Helicobacter","volume":"29 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140544558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refractoriness to anti-Helicobacter pylori treatment attributed to phenotypic resistance patterns in patients with gastroduodenopathy in Guayaquil-Ecuador","authors":"Javier David Lara Icaza,&nbsp;Rosalina Lara Tapia,&nbsp;Cástula Tania Castro Triana,&nbsp;Laura Catalina Romero Ramírez","doi":"10.1111/hel.13060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/hel.13060","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Treatment of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> gastric infection is complex and associated with increased rates of therapeutic failure. This research aimed to characterize the <i>H</i>. <i>pylori</i> infection status, strain resistance to antimicrobial agents, and the predominant lesion pattern in the gastroduodenal mucosa of patients with clinical suspicion of refractoriness to first- and second-line treatment who were diagnosed and treated in a health center in Guayaquil, Ecuador.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 374 patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms and <i>H</i>. <i>pylori</i> infection were preselected and prescribed one of three triple therapy regimens for primary infection, as judged by the treating physician. Subsequently, 121 patients who returned to the follow-up visit with persistent symptoms after treatment were studied.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>All patients had <i>H</i>. <i>pylori</i> infection. Histopathological examination diagnosed chronic active gastritis in 91.7% of cases; premalignant lesions were observed in 15.8%. The three triple therapy schemes applied showed suboptimal efficacy (between 47.6% and 77.2%), with the best performance corresponding to the scheme consisting of a proton pump inhibitor + amoxicillin + levofloxacin. Bacterial strains showed very high phenotypic resistance to all five antimicrobials tested: clarithromycin, 82.9%; metronidazole, 69.7%; amoxicillin and levofloxacin, almost 50%; tetracycline, 38.2%. Concurrent resistance to clarithromycin–amoxicillin was 43.4%, to tetracycline–metronidazole 30.3%, to amoxicillin–levofloxacin 27.6%, and to clarithromycin–metronidazole 59.2%.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In vitro testing revealed resistance to all five antibiotics, indicating that <i>H</i>. <i>pylori</i> exhibited resistance phenotypes to these antibiotics. Consequently, the effectiveness of triple treatments may be compromised, and further studies are needed to assess refractoriness in quadruple and concomitant therapies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13223,"journal":{"name":"Helicobacter","volume":"29 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140351589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Helicobacter pylori enhances HLA-C expression in the human gastric adenocarcinoma cells AGS and can protect them from the cytotoxicity of natural killer cells","authors":"Etikala Apoorva,&nbsp;Rini Jacob,&nbsp;Desirazu N. Rao,&nbsp;Santosh Kumar","doi":"10.1111/hel.13069","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hel.13069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Helicobacter pylori</i> (<i>H. pylori</i>) seems to play causative roles in gastric cancers. <i>H. pylori</i> has also been detected in established gastric cancers. How the presence of <i>H. pylori</i> modulates immune response to the cancer is unclear. The cytotoxicity of natural killer (NK) cells, toward infected or malignant cells, is controlled by the repertoire of activating and inhibitory receptors expressed on their surface. Here, we studied <i>H. pylori</i>-induced changes in the expression of ligands, of activating and inhibitory receptors of NK cells, in the gastric adenocarcinoma AGS cells, and their impacts on NK cell responses. AGS cells lacked or had low surface expression of the class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC-I) molecules HLA-E and HLA-C—ligands of the major NK cell inhibitory receptors NKG2A and killer-cell Ig-like receptor (KIR), respectively. However, AGS cells had high surface expression of ligands of activating receptors DNAM-1 and CD2, and of the adhesion molecules LFA-1. Consistently, AGS cells were sensitive to killing by NK cells despite the expression of inhibitory KIR on NK cells. Furthermore, <i>H. pylori</i> enhanced HLA-C surface expression on AGS cells. <i>H. pylori</i> infection enhanced HLA-C protein synthesis, which could explain <i>H. pylori</i>-induced HLA-C surface expression. <i>H. pylori</i> infection enhanced HLA-C surface expression also in the hepatoma Huh7 and HepG2 cells. Furthermore, <i>H. pylori</i>-induced HLA-C surface expression on AGS cells promoted inhibition of NK cells by KIR, and thereby protected AGS cells from NK cell cytotoxicity. These results suggest that <i>H. pylori</i> enhances HLA-C expression in host cells and protects them from the cytotoxic attack of NK cells expressing HLA-C-specific inhibitory receptors.</p>","PeriodicalId":13223,"journal":{"name":"Helicobacter","volume":"29 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140184273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosis by combination of endoscopic findings helps differentiate non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter-infected gastritis from Helicobacter pylori-infected gastritis","authors":"Takuma Okamura,&nbsp;Yugo Iwaya,&nbsp;Tadanobu Nagaya,&nbsp;Kazuki Horiuchi,&nbsp;Tatsuya Negishi,&nbsp;Hiroyoshi Ota,&nbsp;Takeji Umemura","doi":"10.1111/hel.13070","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hel.13070","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The characteristic endoscopic findings of non-<i>Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter</i> (NHPH) gastritis, including white marbled appearance and crack-like mucosa, have been reported. However, these findings can also manifest in <i>H. pylori</i> (HP)-infected gastritis. This study compared NHPH gastritis and mild atrophic HP gastritis to identify features that may enhance NHPH diagnosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 2087 patients underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and were histologically evaluated by multiple gastric mucosal biopsies according to the updated Sydney System (USS) at Shinshu University Hospital between 2005 and 2023. Among them, nine patients were classified into the NHPH group and 134 patients with HP infection and mild atrophy were classified into the HP group for retrospective comparisons of endoscopic findings and clinicopathological characteristics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>All nine patients in the NHPH group (eight males [89%], median ± standard deviation [SD] age: 49 ± 13.0 years) were infected with <i>H. suis</i>. The 134 patients in the HP group contained 70 men (52%) and had a median ± SD age of 35 ± 19.9 years. Endoscopic findings were statistically comparable for white marbled appearance (three patients [33%] in the NHPH group and 37 patients [31%] in the HP group) and crack-like mucosa (three patients [33%] and 27 patients [20%], respectively). Diffuse redness was significantly less frequent in the NHPH group (one patient [14%] vs. 97 patients [72%], <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). White marbled appearance or crack-like mucosa without diffuse redness was significantly more common in the NHPH group (56% vs. 13%, <i>p</i> = 0.004), with a sensitivity and specificity of 56% and 87%, respectively. Mean USS neutrophil infiltration and <i>Helicobacter</i> density scores were significantly higher in the HP group (both <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), which might have influenced the endoscopic findings of diffuse redness.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>When endoscopic findings of white marbled appearance or cracked-like mucosa are present, evaluation for diffuse redness may contribute to a more accurate diagnosis of NHPH gastritis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13223,"journal":{"name":"Helicobacter","volume":"29 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140184272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}