{"title":"Low Capacitance and Fast Response SCR for High-Speed I/O ESD Protections","authors":"Ruibo Chen;Feibo Du;Lu Li;Zhiwei Liu;Zhangming Zhu","doi":"10.1109/LED.2025.3542844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LED.2025.3542844","url":null,"abstract":"A floating-base N-type transistor triggered silicon-controlled rectifier (FBNTSCR) device is developed for high-speed I/O electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection. The device, constructed by embedding a floating-base N-type transistor as the trigger element replacing the P-well tie in a standard SCR, enables the embedded bipolar to be avalanched at the collector-emitter breakdown voltage, providing a lower trigger voltage than the conventional LVTSCR. Furthermore, a lower parasitic capacitance is achieved by mitigating the capacitance associated with the N-well/P-well junction. The proposed design also has a shorter inherent SCR path, resulting in lower on-resistance, higher failure current (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$l_{{t}{2}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and lower overshoot voltage as well as faster turn on speed, all of which benefit the CDM ESD protection performance. Measurement results show the FBNTSCR has ~40.8% reduced trigger voltage, ~68.9% reduced parasitic capacitance and ~16.7% enhanced <inline-formula> <tex-math>$l_{{t}{2}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> compared to the conventional LVTSCR.","PeriodicalId":13198,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Electron Device Letters","volume":"46 4","pages":"632-635"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143706734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigation of Resistive Switching in Au/MoS₂/Au Using Reactive Molecular Dynamics and ab-initio Quantum Transport Calculations","authors":"Ashutosh Krishna Amaram;Saurabh Kharwar;Tarun Kumar Agarwal","doi":"10.1109/LED.2025.3542957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LED.2025.3542957","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we investigate the underlying physical mechanism for electric-field induced resistive switching in Au/MoS2/Au based memristive devices by combining reactive Molecular Dynamics (MD) and ab-initio quantum transport calculations. Using MD with Au/Mo/S ReaxFF potential, we observe the formation of realistic conductive filament consisting of gold atoms through monolayer MoS2 layer when sufficient electric field is applied. We furthermore instigate the rupture of the gold atom filament when a sufficiently large electric field is applied in the opposite direction. To calculate the conductance of the obtained structures and identify the High Resistance (HR) and Low Resistance (LR) states, we employ the ab-initio electron transport calculations by importing the atomic structures from MD calculations. For single-defect MoS2 memristors, the obtained LRS, HRS current densities are in order of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$10^{{7}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> A/cm2 which agrees reasonably well with the reported experiments.","PeriodicalId":13198,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Electron Device Letters","volume":"46 4","pages":"656-659"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143706731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Da Wang;Yong Liu;Longda Zhou;Yongkang Xue;Pengpeng Ren;Runsheng Wang;Zhigang Ji;Ru Huang
{"title":"Understanding of GIDL-State Degradation (GSD): The Reliability Challenge in pFET Standby Mode for Sub-20-nm DRAM Technology","authors":"Da Wang;Yong Liu;Longda Zhou;Yongkang Xue;Pengpeng Ren;Runsheng Wang;Zhigang Ji;Ru Huang","doi":"10.1109/LED.2025.3539678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LED.2025.3539678","url":null,"abstract":"With the recent industrial adoption of a new low-power standby mode in the sub-word line drivers (SWD), we report a reliability challenge that occurs on p-type pitch transistor in sub-20-nm DRAM technology introduced by the GIDL-state degradation (GSD). It is observed that GSD can surpass the off-state degradation (OSD) stress mode. By separating different types of traps, we clarified the physical mechanism of GSD. Based on the understanding, a defect-based compact model is developed and validated, providing DRAM designers with a tool to find a balance between power consumption and long-term reliability.","PeriodicalId":13198,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Electron Device Letters","volume":"46 4","pages":"580-583"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143726369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiahao Chen;Parthasarathy Seshadri;Kenneth Stephenson;Md Abdullah Mamun;Ruixin Bai;Zehuan Wang;Asif Khan;Chirag Gupta
{"title":"64% AlGaN Channel HFET With High Johnson’s Figure of Merit (>6 THz·V)","authors":"Jiahao Chen;Parthasarathy Seshadri;Kenneth Stephenson;Md Abdullah Mamun;Ruixin Bai;Zehuan Wang;Asif Khan;Chirag Gupta","doi":"10.1109/LED.2025.3541145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LED.2025.3541145","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, we report a heterostructure field effect transistor (HFET) with Al0.87Ga0.13N barrier and Al0.64Ga0.36N channel grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). TLM measurements of the structure showed a sheet resistance of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$sim ~2000~Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula>/sq and linear ohmic contact resistance of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$4.54~Omega cdot $ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm. A HFET with a gate length of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$sim ~200$ </tex-math></inline-formula> nm, source-drain spacing of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$4~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>m showed a peak transconductance of ~40 mS/mm and a high peak drain current of ~0.6 A/mm. A current gain cutoff frequency (f<inline-formula> <tex-math>$_{text {T}}text {)}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of 15.7 GHz and a power gain cutoff frequency of 20.4 GHz was observed. The breakdown voltage of this device is 390 V, yielding a high Johnson’s figure of merit (JFOM) of 6.1 THz<inline-formula> <tex-math>$cdot $ </tex-math></inline-formula> V. This JFOM value is one of the highest reported JFOM values for AlxGa<inline-formula> <tex-math>$_{text {1-{x}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>N channel HFET (x >0.4) and also for other ultra-wide bandgap (UWBG) transistors.","PeriodicalId":13198,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Electron Device Letters","volume":"46 4","pages":"545-548"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143726417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High-Performance Perovskite Photodetector With Multi-Peak Response Under Edge Illumination Configuration","authors":"Sadeq Abbasi;Xiangyu Zhou;Feiyun Zhao;Aobo Ren;Kai Shen","doi":"10.1109/LED.2025.3541929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LED.2025.3541929","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, the operational characteristics and performance of perovskite photodetectors were systematically studied under edge illumination, revealing significant performance enhancements in a CsFAPbI3 perovskite device compared to vertical illumination. At 0 V bias, responsivity improved from 8.3 A/W to 214 A/W, and detectivity increased from <inline-formula> <tex-math>$1.67 times ; 10^{{12}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> to <inline-formula> <tex-math>$1.49 times ; 10^{{13}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> Jones compared to vertical illumination. The lateral light penetration resulted in distinct and repeatable multi-peak response patterns over a frequency range of 0.2-5 kHz and light intensities of 0.68-6.56 mW/cm2. The dynamic response of the device was effectively modeled as a second-order system, demonstrating its potential for secure communication applications. This setup also enabled precise control over the photodetector’s size at small dimensions by simply adjusting the thickness, achieving an active area of just <inline-formula> <tex-math>$10^{-{5}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> cm2 under edge illumination. This study underscores the promise of edge illumination for optimizing perovskite photodetectors and is currently under further investigation to broaden its applicability.","PeriodicalId":13198,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Electron Device Letters","volume":"46 4","pages":"624-627"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143706637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Corrections to “Study on Improving Efficiency of Perovskite Solar Cells Through Controlling Humidity Conditions and Nickel Oxide Composition”","authors":"Wenbin Han;Yanyu Deng;Wenwen Liu;Zhuowei Li;Chunyu Liu;Wenbin Guo","doi":"10.1109/LED.2025.3541608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LED.2025.3541608","url":null,"abstract":"In the above article <xref>[1]</xref>, the affiliation for all authors was mistakenly shown. And the correct affiliations are with the State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.","PeriodicalId":13198,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Electron Device Letters","volume":"46 4","pages":"664-664"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143706801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The New Method to Focus Multiple Sheet Electron Beam by Periodic Cusped Magnets With Multi-Zeros-Point Bias Magnetic Field","authors":"Pengcheng Yin;Jinchi Cai;Jin Xu;Jian Zhang;Lingna Yue;Hairong Yin;Yong Xu;Guoqing Zhao;Wenxiang Wang;Yanyu Wei","doi":"10.1109/LED.2025.3541232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LED.2025.3541232","url":null,"abstract":"The lack of a compact magnetic focusing system hurdles fulfilling the prominent potential of traveling wave tubes (TWTs) launched with multiple sheet electron beams (SEBs). To overcome this dilemma, this letter proposed an intriguing general method to confine multiple SEBs, which adopts novel horizontally extended periodic cusped magnets (PCM) with a multi-zero-point bias magnetic field. A new configuration with bespoke iron notches for multiple SEBs (Open PCM-NMSB) is employed to produce this unique field profile. To verify this concept, a G-band multi-SEB electron optical system (EOS) is presented, depicting that multiple paralleled SEBs can all stably propagate through the narrow tunnel without interceptions. Further investigation demonstrates that this new method can apply to EOS launched with an arbitrary number of SEBs with any preset clearance. In addition, the fabrication and measurement of this compact focusing structure are presented, experimentally confirming that the proposed Open PCM-NMSB can indeed generate the desired magnetic field, which surely facilitates the development of multi-SEB TWT or other similar vacuum electron devices.","PeriodicalId":13198,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Electron Device Letters","volume":"46 4","pages":"652-655"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143706803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ScAlN-on-SiC Kᵤ-Band Sezawa Solidly-Mounted Bidimensional Mode Resonators","authors":"Luca Colombo;Luca Spagnuolo;Kapil Saha;Gabriel Giribaldi;Pietro Simeoni;Matteo Rinaldi","doi":"10.1109/LED.2025.3541373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LED.2025.3541373","url":null,"abstract":"This letter reports on Solidly-Mounted Bidimensional Mode Resonators (S2MRs) exploiting a highly-optimized Sezawa mode in 30% Scandium-doped Aluminum Nitride (ScAlN) on Silicon Carbide (SiC) and operating near 16 GHz. Experimental results demonstrate mechanical quality factors (<inline-formula> <tex-math>${Q}_{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) as high as 380, Bode quality factors (<inline-formula> <tex-math>${Q}_{textit {Bode}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) approaching 500, electromechanical coupling coefficients (<inline-formula> <tex-math>${k}_{t}^{{2}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of 4.5%, an overall Figure of Merit (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$textit {FOM} = {Q}_{m} cdot {k}_{t}^{{2}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) exceeding 17, and power handling greater than 20 dBm for devices closely matched to <inline-formula> <tex-math>$50~Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula>. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, S2MRs exhibit the highest Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) among solidly mounted resonators in the Ku-band, paving the way for the integration of nanoacoustic devices on fast substrates with high-power electronics, tailored for military and harsh-environment applications.","PeriodicalId":13198,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Electron Device Letters","volume":"46 4","pages":"660-663"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143706681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jong Ho Park;Nirmaan Shanker;Suraj Cheema;Shang-Lin Hsu;Aditya Varma;Chia-Chun Lee;Chirag Garg;Urmita Siker;Li-Chen Wang;Chenming Hu;Sayeef Salahuddin
{"title":"Demonstration of High Transconductance Gate-All-Around Transistors Using Negative Capacitance ‘Super High-K’ Gate Stack","authors":"Jong Ho Park;Nirmaan Shanker;Suraj Cheema;Shang-Lin Hsu;Aditya Varma;Chia-Chun Lee;Chirag Garg;Urmita Siker;Li-Chen Wang;Chenming Hu;Sayeef Salahuddin","doi":"10.1109/LED.2025.3541547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LED.2025.3541547","url":null,"abstract":"We demonstrate a gate all around (GAA) negative capacitance FET (NCFET). The device provides an equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) of 6.5Å with unscavenged SiO2 interlayer (IL), and a high transconductance of 2.15 mS/<inline-formula> <tex-math>$mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>m for L<inline-formula> <tex-math>${_{text {eff}}} =45$ </tex-math></inline-formula> nm, matching and exceeding what has been reported for MOSFETs with much shorter gate lengths and similar gate stack thickness. Our results demonstrate feasibility of negative capacitance gate stack in a GAA geometry for enhanced gate control, scaling, and performance.","PeriodicalId":13198,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Electron Device Letters","volume":"46 4","pages":"533-536"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143726536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Vertical GaN-on-Tungsten High Voltage pn-Diodes From Sapphire-Grown GaN Membranes","authors":"E. Brusaterra;E. Bahat Treidel;L. Deriks;S. Danylyuk;E. Brandl;J. Bravin;M. Pawlak;A. Külberg;M. Schiersch;A. Thies;O. Hilt","doi":"10.1109/LED.2025.3540156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LED.2025.3540156","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we demonstrate vertical GaN pn-diodes for high voltage applications initially grown and processed on 4” sapphire substrates and then transferred to 4” tungsten substrates to achieve a fully vertical conduction path. Laser lift-off was used to separate the GaN-membrane device structures from the initial sapphire substrate. The diodes show improved forward conduction after the transfer process with on-state resistance reduced from <inline-formula> <tex-math>$1.52~pm ~0.05$ </tex-math></inline-formula> m<inline-formula> <tex-math>$Omega cdot $ </tex-math></inline-formula>cm2 to <inline-formula> <tex-math>$1.15~pm ~0.05$ </tex-math></inline-formula> m<inline-formula> <tex-math>$Omega cdot $ </tex-math></inline-formula>cm2 and the blocking strength is not heavily compromised with its mean value reduced from <inline-formula> <tex-math>$1015~pm ~47$ </tex-math></inline-formula> V to <inline-formula> <tex-math>$988~pm ~57$ </tex-math></inline-formula> V. High device yields of the membrane transfer procedure underscores this cost-competitive vertical GaN device technology for high-power applications without the need of expensive GaN substrates.","PeriodicalId":13198,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Electron Device Letters","volume":"46 4","pages":"564-567"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143726259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}