Yan-Tsung Peng;Yu-Cheng Lin;Wen-Yi Peng;Chen-Yu Liu
{"title":"Blurriness-Guided Underwater Salient Object Detection and Data Augmentation","authors":"Yan-Tsung Peng;Yu-Cheng Lin;Wen-Yi Peng;Chen-Yu Liu","doi":"10.1109/JOE.2023.3344154","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JOE.2023.3344154","url":null,"abstract":"Salient object detection (SOD) has made significant progress with the help of deep networks. However, most works focus on terrestrial scenes, but underwater scenes for SOD are still little explored, which is essential for artificial-intelligence-driven underwater scene analysis. In the article, we propose and discuss two practical approaches to boost the performance of underwater SOD based on an inherent property of underwater scenes—blurriness, since an object appears more blurred when it is farther away. First, we utilize a self-derived blurriness cue and fuse it with the input image to help boost SOD accuracy. Next, we propose a blurriness-assisted data augmentation method that works for any available SOD model, called FocusAugment, for underwater SOD. We adjust images to enlarge differences between more- and less-focused regions based on the blurriness maps to augment training data. The experimental results show that both approaches can significantly improve state-of-the-art SOD models' accuracy for underwater scenes.","PeriodicalId":13191,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering","volume":"49 3","pages":"1089-1103"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140046403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antony Pottier, Pierre-Jean Bouvet, Beatrice Tomasi, Charles Vanwynsberghe
{"title":"Data Rate Performance of Mobile Multiuser MIMO Underwater Acoustic Communication Systems","authors":"Antony Pottier, Pierre-Jean Bouvet, Beatrice Tomasi, Charles Vanwynsberghe","doi":"10.1109/joe.2023.3331774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/joe.2023.3331774","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13191,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139988256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yanwu Zhang;Brett W. Hobson;Brian Kieft;Michael A. Godin;Thomas Ravens;Michael Ulmgren
{"title":"Adaptive Zigzag Mapping of a Patchy Field by a Long-Range Autonomous Underwater Vehicle","authors":"Yanwu Zhang;Brett W. Hobson;Brian Kieft;Michael A. Godin;Thomas Ravens;Michael Ulmgren","doi":"10.1109/JOE.2023.3338694","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JOE.2023.3338694","url":null,"abstract":"Spatial heterogeneity and temporal evolution are intrinsic features of some important oceanic processes, e.g., harmful algal blooms and oil spills, where aggregations of organisms or materials are localized and noncontinuous. In a sparse patchy field, routine lawnmower-mode or zigzag surveys by ships or autonomous platforms are not efficient since a large proportion of the survey time is spent on no-patch areas. We developed an adaptive zigzag algorithm for an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) to map patchy fields more efficiently than routine zigzag surveys. An AUV autonomously detects the peak and the edge of a patch, and accordingly determines when to turn onto the next zigzag leg. The AUV sweeps through the field on successive zigzag legs. Using an oil spill model data set, the performance of adaptive zigzag surveys is compared with that of routine zigzag surveys. In April 2022, the algorithm was tested on a long-range AUV through a 16-h survey in Monterey Bay, CA, USA, by reading the oil spill model data as the virtual measurement in real time.","PeriodicalId":13191,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering","volume":"49 2","pages":"403-415"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10440570","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139945662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Probability-Based Complex-Valued Fast Iterative Shrinkage-Thresholding Algorithm for Deconvolution Beamforming","authors":"Shiyao Jiang;Rongxin Jiang;Xuesong Liu;Boxuan Gu;Yaowu Chen","doi":"10.1109/JOE.2023.3339800","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JOE.2023.3339800","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional beamforming is widely used in sonars and radars owing to its robustness and low complexity; however, it suffers from low beam resolution and high-intensity sidelobes. Various imaging deblurring methods have been used in deconvolution beamforming to improve the beam resolution. A considerable limitation of these intensity-based methods is that the real-valued model mismatches the signals in practice and ignores the coherent information of the received signals. This study proposes a probability-based complex-valued fast iterative shrinkage-thresholding algorithm (CFISTA) to extend deconvolution beamforming to the complex domain. In this novel algorithm, the complex gradient descent and complex probability mapping are combined. Fast Fourier transform acceleration and clustering prior constraints are used on the targets to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the model. Simulation results of planar arrays show that the proposed method has superior beam resolution, sidelobe suppression, running time, and noise immunity compared with those of intensity-based methods.","PeriodicalId":13191,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering","volume":"49 2","pages":"340-351"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139946016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Simone Giorgi;Ryan G. Coe;Meagan M. Reasoner;Giorgio Bacelli;Dominic D. Forbush;Scott Jensen;François Cazenave;Andrew Hamilton
{"title":"Wave Energy Converter Power Take-Off Modeling and Validation From Experimental Bench Tests","authors":"Simone Giorgi;Ryan G. Coe;Meagan M. Reasoner;Giorgio Bacelli;Dominic D. Forbush;Scott Jensen;François Cazenave;Andrew Hamilton","doi":"10.1109/JOE.2023.3345903","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JOE.2023.3345903","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes the implementation of a new numerical model of the power take-off system installed in the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute wave energy converter, a device developed to provide power to various oceanic research missions. The simultaneous presence of hydraulic, pneumatic, and electrical subsystems in the power take-off system represents a significant challenge in forging an accurate model able to replicate the main dynamic characteristics of the system. The validation of the new numerical model is addressed by comparing simulations with the measurements obtained during a series of bench tests. Data from the bench tests show good agreement with the numerical model. The validated model provides deeper insights into the complex nonlinear dynamics of the power take-off system and will support further performance improvements in the future.","PeriodicalId":13191,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering","volume":"49 2","pages":"446-457"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10436658","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139946246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prior-Based Underwater Enhanced Image Quality Assessment Network","authors":"Zheyin Wang;Liquan Shen;Zhengyong Wang;Yufei Lin;Jinbo Chen","doi":"10.1109/JOE.2024.3351235","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JOE.2024.3351235","url":null,"abstract":"Underwater images generally suffer from color cast and haze effects due to light attenuation and scattering, which leads to image quality degradation and poor recognition of image content by autonomous machines. Most of the existing enhancement algorithms try to remove these distortions of underwater images but do not perform perfectly. Moreover, there is no quality evaluation metric that can accurately measure the quality of these enhanced results. Thus, accurately evaluating the enhanced image quality is one of the urgent problems to be solved in underwater imaging research. In this article, a prior-based underwater enhanced image quality assessment network is proposed to measure the quality of those enhanced images objectively. First, underwater imaging priors, including object–camera distance map, ambient light, absorption and scattering parameters, surface–object distance, etc., directly affect the degree of color cast and haze effect in underwater images. Since the underwater raw image is available in the image enhancement task, a novel prior estimation network is designed to estimate these prior parameters from underwater raw images and obtain reliable prior information. Second, a novel prior guidance module is designed to guide these prior features to the enhanced image quality assessment network by simulating the underwater physical model. Ultimately, the quality of the enhanced image can be accurately evaluated through the end-to-end network. Furthermore, experiments show that the prior information can make the quality assessment network pay more attention to the content and distortion of the image, so as to evaluate the quality of the enhanced image more accurately. Extensive experiments on authentic data sets demonstrate the superiority of our model against other representative state-of-the-art models in both quantitative and qualitative results.","PeriodicalId":13191,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering","volume":"49 2","pages":"592-605"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139946014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analysis and Compensation of Acoustic Rolling Shutter Effect of Acoustic-Lens-Based Forward-Looking Sonar","authors":"Jiayi Su;Jingyu Qian;Xingbin Tu;Fengzhong Qu;Yan Wei","doi":"10.1109/JOE.2023.3341466","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JOE.2023.3341466","url":null,"abstract":"As the demand for ocean observations increases, the quality requirements for sonar imaging are becoming increasingly exacting. The temporal synthesis strategy provides the acoustic-lens-based forward-looking sonar (ALFLS) with ultrahigh resolution but also causes the imaging content to be distorted when the sonar is moving at a high speed. This limits the application of sonar to low-speed or stationary underwater inspections. In this article, we formally define this distortion effect for the first time as an acoustic rolling shutter (ARS) effect and use implicit neural representation to naturally recover and represent acoustic images in a rectangular coordinate system for visual representation or subsequent computer tasks, e.g., image registration and image mosaicing. The method is self-supervised and involves only a single image, without the need for any external data input, e.g., from a global positioning system and a Doppler velocity log. We validate the effectiveness of the proposed method using experimental field data and reveal the potential application of this technique to underwater robot vision.","PeriodicalId":13191,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering","volume":"49 2","pages":"474-486"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139946025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Se莽kin Yldrm, Konstantinos Pelekanakis, George Sklivanitis, Dimitris A. Pados, Pietro Paglierani, Roberto Petroccia, Jo茫o Alves, Francesco Molfese, Francesca Cuomo
{"title":"Secret Underwater Acoustic Key Generation Challenged by Eve's Simulator","authors":"Se莽kin Yldrm, Konstantinos Pelekanakis, George Sklivanitis, Dimitris A. Pados, Pietro Paglierani, Roberto Petroccia, Jo茫o Alves, Francesco Molfese, Francesca Cuomo","doi":"10.1109/joe.2023.3281978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/joe.2023.3281978","url":null,"abstract":"Symmetric cryptography is the de-facto approach to information security for ad-hoc underwater acoustic networks. The requirement is that all network nodes possess the same cryptographic keys and key distribution that happens offline. Thus, it is hardly possible to include a new keyless node during network operation. In addition, online key replenishment is an open problem. In this article, we tackle key distribution/replenishment by formulating a new protocol that generates a key between two trusted underwater acoustic nodes (Alice and Bob) without the need to exchange the key itself. The proposed protocol initially extracts common acoustic channel features between Alice and Bob after some signal exchanges. Then, each party uses these features to generate his/her own secret bits via a random sequence generator. To correct any differences in their secret bits, we propose two reconciliation methods that employ Reed–Solomon codes. At the last step of the protocol, a 256-bit cryptographic key is generated by feeding the reconciled secret bit string to the Secure Hash Algorithm 3. We evaluate the key generation rate of the proposed protocol with real acoustic data recorded from a littoral environment, in which Alice and Bob exchanged 915 channel probes over different link geometries. To assess security performance, we invent a passive eavesdropper, Eve, who is able to simulate the acoustic link between Alice and Bob. She uses her simulated channels and the same protocol to generate her keys. Our analysis demonstrates a tradeoff between the key generation rate of Alice and Bob and Eve's ability to extract the same key. Our best result shows that Alice and Bob can independently generate 567 keys out of 915 attempts while Eve does not have access to any of the keys.","PeriodicalId":13191,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering","volume":"165 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142200230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Transmission of High-Definition Video Signals and Detection of the Objects Underwater Using Surface Electromagnetic Waves","authors":"Igor I. Smolyaninov;Quirino Balzano;Mark Barry","doi":"10.1109/JOE.2023.3335599","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JOE.2023.3335599","url":null,"abstract":"In this article a portable radio communication system operating in the 30-MHz band and capable of transmitting high-definition live underwater video images is presented. The system operation is based on launching electromagnetic surface waves propagating along the water–air interface using specially designed surface wave antennas. Since the propagation length of the surface electromagnetic waves far exceeds the skin depth of bulk radio waves at the same frequency, this technique is useful for video communication underwater over distances of several meters. This system also appears to be efficient at communicating through the water–air interface, and it may be used for underwater object detection.","PeriodicalId":13191,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering","volume":"49 2","pages":"566-571"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139946097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On the Physical Layer Security of Underwater Optical Wireless Communication Networks","authors":"Elmehdi Illi;Marwa Qaraqe","doi":"10.1109/JOE.2023.3341461","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JOE.2023.3341461","url":null,"abstract":"This article deals with the secrecy analysis of an underwater optical wireless communication (UOWC) system operating under the presence of underwater turbulence and geometric path loss. The considered system consists of either a single transmit laser diode (LD) and multiple receive photodetectors (PD), i.e., single-input multiple-output (SIMO), employing maximal-ratio combining (MRC) technique, or a multiple-input single-output (MISO) with multiple LDs and a single PD using the maximal-ratio transmission (MRT) precoding scheme. A tight approximate expression for the average secrecy capacity (ASC)'s lower bound is provided in terms of the key system parameters. Results indicate that the system's secrecy can be enhanced by either increasing the number of receive PDs or the legal node's PDs size compared to the illegitimate one, whereby the ASC can exceed 4 b/s/Hz when the legitimate PD diameter is twice the eavesdropper's one. In addition, narrow beams and low water turbidity levels provide optimal secrecy performance. Finally, a comparative analysis between the SIMO-MRC and MISO-MRT schemes shows that the latter outperforms its former counterpart.","PeriodicalId":13191,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering","volume":"49 2","pages":"583-591"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139945842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}