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Stomatal architecture and rapid jasmonate responses contribute to pear resistance against Colletotrichum fructicola 气孔结构和快速茉莉酸响应有助于梨对炭疽病菌的抗性
IF 8.7 1区 农林科学
Horticulture Research Pub Date : 2026-10-07 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhag420
Kexin Xu,Qingsong Yang,Zijuan Li,Zihan Miao,Xiaogang Li,Shutian Tao,Yiduo Wei,Jialiang Kan,Yongyue Ma,Jing Lin,Chaohui Li,Gang Liu,Bárbara Blanco-Ulate,Hong Wang
{"title":"Stomatal architecture and rapid jasmonate responses contribute to pear resistance against\u0000 Colletotrichum fructicola","authors":"Kexin Xu,Qingsong Yang,Zijuan Li,Zihan Miao,Xiaogang Li,Shutian Tao,Yiduo Wei,Jialiang Kan,Yongyue Ma,Jing Lin,Chaohui Li,Gang Liu,Bárbara Blanco-Ulate,Hong Wang","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhag420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhag420","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Pear cultivars exhibit variation in resistance to anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum fructicola, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Through a two-step screening of 102 cultivars and 6,000 hybrid progenies, we identified a highly resistant genotype HR1 and a susceptible cultivar SC1. Field and controlled assays showed that HR1 maintains stable resistance regardless of environmental conditions, whereas SC1 exhibits humidity-dependent susceptibility. Microscopic analyses revealed that LCF-2 exhibited stomatal tropism and entered leaves of the susceptible cultivar SC1 through stomatal pores. HR1 possesses smaller stomata with restricted apertures and elevated peristomatal rims, where LCF-2 germ tubes frequently grew away from stomatal pores, and no successful stomatal penetration was detected. During early infection, HR1 showed rapid JA accumulation and strong induction of PpAOC, PpMYC3, PpPYL1, and PpOST1. Exogenous JA accelerated stomatal closure and reduced disease severity in SC1. PpMYC3 physically interacts with the ABA receptor PpPYL1. PpMYC3 overexpression promoted stomatal closure, reduced fungal accumulation, and enhanced resistance, whereas its silencing increased susceptibility. PpPYL1 overexpression increased PpOST1 expression and reduced stomatal aperture but did not confer resistance. Co-expression of PpMYC3 and PpPYL1 produced the strongest stomatal closure and reduced disease development relative to PpPYL1 overexpression alone, indicating that PpMYC3 provides a defense-associated context in which PpPYL1-mediated stomatal regulation contributes to resistance. Collectively, these findings support a proposed two-tiered defense combining preformed stomatal barriers with rapid JA-centered stomatal immunity, providing new insights into the multilevel regulatory network of tree-pathogen interactions and genetic resources for anthracnose resistance breeding in fruit trees.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149087981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
CaARR2 interacts with CaLBD24 to synergistically mount high-temperature specific immunity against Ralstonia solanacearum by activating genes including CaRPT2 carr2与CaLBD24相互作用,通过激活包括CaRPT2在内的基因,协同对茄枯菌产生高温特异性免疫
IF 8.7 1区 农林科学
Horticulture Research Pub Date : 2026-10-07 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhag417
Qiaoling Lu,Yu Huang,Meiyun Wan,Jingang Lv,Xingge Cheng,Yutong Zheng,Deyi Guan,Sheng Yang,Shuilin He
{"title":"CaARR2 interacts with CaLBD24 to synergistically mount high-temperature specific immunity against\u0000 Ralstonia solanacearum\u0000 by activating genes including\u0000 CaRPT2","authors":"Qiaoling Lu,Yu Huang,Meiyun Wan,Jingang Lv,Xingge Cheng,Yutong Zheng,Deyi Guan,Sheng Yang,Shuilin He","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhag417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhag417","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract It has been previously found that pepper (Capsicum annuum) activates high-temperature specific immunity against R. solanacearum in cytokinin signalling dependent manner at high temperature (37°C), while how this high-temperature specific immunity is activated remain unclear. Herein, we demonstrate that both CaARR2 and CaLBD24 acted positively in pepper immunity against R. solanacearum infection at 37°C but not at 28°C. CaLBD24 was found to interact in the nuclei with CaARR2, which is otherwise present in plastids upon R. solanacearum infection at 28°C but translocated into the nuclei upon 37°C exposure alone, R. solanacearum infection at 37°C or the exogenous application of ABA or R. solanacearum infection at 28°C combined with exogenous application of tZ. By ChIP-seq combined with RNA-seq assay, the CaARR2-CaLBD24 module in the nuclei was further found to activate high temperature specific immunity by directly co-targeting and activating genes including CaRPT2 via binding their corresponding cis-elements, and CaRPT2 was further found by virus gene silencing to act positively in pepper immunity against R. solanacearum at 37°C. In addition, CaARR2, CaLBD24 and CaRPT2 ware also found to act positively in defense response of tomato R. solanacearum infection at 37°C. The results uncover that high-temperature specific immunity is activated in pepper and tomato in cytokinin signalling dependent manner using ARR2-LBD24 module to activate genes including RPT2, providing new insights into mechanism underlying bacterial wilt resistance in pepper and tomato at high temperatures.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149087982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The CsUVR8-CsPIF3 module contributes to UV-B-induced cold tolerance through flavonoid accumulation in cucumber CsUVR8-CsPIF3模块通过类黄酮积累促进了紫外线b诱导的黄瓜抗寒性
IF 8.7 1区 农林科学
Horticulture Research Pub Date : 2026-10-01 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhag411
Chuang Li, Min Li, Yuan Liu, Boya Li, Liu Liu, Jiacai Chen, Lijie Han, Ye Liu, Xi Zhang, Xuexian Li, Zhaoyang Zhou, Bin Liu, Xuejun Zhang, Jianyu Zhao, Xiaolan Zhang
{"title":"The CsUVR8-CsPIF3 module contributes to UV-B-induced cold tolerance through flavonoid accumulation in cucumber","authors":"Chuang Li, Min Li, Yuan Liu, Boya Li, Liu Liu, Jiacai Chen, Lijie Han, Ye Liu, Xi Zhang, Xuexian Li, Zhaoyang Zhou, Bin Liu, Xuejun Zhang, Jianyu Zhao, Xiaolan Zhang","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhag411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhag411","url":null,"abstract":"Cold stress is a major limiting factor for crop production, and modulation of light quality is an effective strategy to enhance plant stress tolerance. However, the molecular mechanism underlying UV-B radiation regulating cold tolerance remains largely unknown. Here, we found that supplemental UV-B is effective for improving cold tolerance without growth penalty in cucumber seedlings. We further identified CsUVR8 as the cucumber UV-B photoreceptor that converts from dimer in the cytosol into monomer in the nucleus upon UV-B radiation. Knockout of CsUVR8 resulted in impaired UV-B response, decreased cold tolerance, reduced flavonoid accumulation and reactive oxygen species homeostasis. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses revealed that flavonoid biosynthesis is a key downstream pathway regulated by CsUVR8 under UV-B radiation. CsUVR8 directly interacts with the bHLH transcription factor CsPIF3, a negative regulator of cold tolerance and flavonoid biosynthesis. UV-B-activated CsUVR8 promotes CsPIF3 protein degradation, thereby relieving its transcriptional repression on flavonoid biosynthetic genes, including CsCHS, CsCHI-L, and CsF3H. Moreover, the promotive effect of UV-B through flavonoid biosynthesis on cold tolerance is conserved in other cucurbit crops, including melon and watermelon. Therefore, our study reveals that the CsUVR8-CsPIF3 module links UV-B signaling to flavonoid metabolism and cold tolerance, providing new insights and a practical strategy for improving stress resilience in horticultural crops.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149083846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Foliar 2, 3-butanediol reprograms root exudate-driven rhizosphere microbiome assembly to modulate plant–soil feedbacks in Panax notoginseng 叶片2,3 -丁二醇重编程根分泌物驱动的根际微生物组组装以调节三七的植物-土壤反馈
IF 8.7 1区 农林科学
Horticulture Research Pub Date : 2026-10-01 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhag396
Xingyao Li, Shaolei Yang, Yudan Hu, Xingyu Ji, Xiaoling Yang, Xiangnan Bi, Shusheng Zhu, Min Yang, Chen Ye
{"title":"Foliar 2, 3-butanediol reprograms root exudate-driven rhizosphere microbiome assembly to modulate plant–soil feedbacks in Panax notoginseng","authors":"Xingyao Li, Shaolei Yang, Yudan Hu, Xingyu Ji, Xiaoling Yang, Xiangnan Bi, Shusheng Zhu, Min Yang, Chen Ye","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhag396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhag396","url":null,"abstract":"Microbiomes associated with plant diversity systems can alleviate negative plant–soil feedbacks (NPSFs), yet the mechanisms responsible for establishing and maintaining protective rhizosphere microbial communities remain incompletely understood. The Panax notoginseng–pine agroforestry system provides an ecological model for investigating how plant-derived signals shape belowground microbial communities under natural NPSFs conditions. Using P. notoginseng cultivated in pine forests, we examined whether pine-derived compounds influence rhizosphere microbiome assembly. Through integration of multi-omics analyses with controlled plant experiments, we found that foliar application of 2, 3-butanediol (2, 3-BD), a key component of pine needle leachates, was associated with changes in rhizosphere microbiome assembly and reduced abundance of soil-borne pathogens. Mechanistically, foliar 2, 3-BD treatment altered root-derived amino acid profiles, including L-phenylalanine, L-leucine, L-isoleucine, and L-tyrosine, with these changes corresponding to shifts in the relative abundances of specific rhizosphere microbial taxa. Following foliar pathogen challenge, amino acid accumulation and microbiome-associated disease alleviation were further enhanced, consistent with a potential priming effect induced by foliar 2, 3-BD treatment. Together, these findings provide mechanistic insights into how foliar-derived signals alter root exudate composition and rhizosphere microbiome assembly, thereby highlighting the role of aboveground–belowground interactions in regulating plant–microbe associations. The identification of 2, 3-BD as a foliar elicitor that influences root-associated processes therefore provides a potential basis for developing microbiome-informed strategies for sustainable disease management.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"113 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149083847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Empowering water lily research with a Retrieval-Augmented Generation knowledge engine in WLP 2.0 利用WLP 2.0中的检索增强生成知识引擎增强睡莲研究
IF 8.7 1区 农林科学
Horticulture Research Pub Date : 2026-10-01 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhag412
Xiaolong Zhang,Yuchen Chen,Jiahao Zhang,Yufan Liang,Zhiheng Lin,Fei Chen
{"title":"Empowering water lily research with a Retrieval-Augmented Generation knowledge engine in WLP 2.0","authors":"Xiaolong Zhang,Yuchen Chen,Jiahao Zhang,Yufan Liang,Zhiheng Lin,Fei Chen","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhag412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhag412","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149087984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Green Liver of the field: molecular transport, detoxification, and microbiome regulation of pharmaceutical fate in crops 田间的绿色肝脏:分子运输、解毒和微生物组调控作物药物命运
IF 8.7 1区 农林科学
Horticulture Research Pub Date : 2026-09-30 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhag409
Mostafakamal Shams, Ali Khadivi, Magdalena Urbaniak
{"title":"The Green Liver of the field: molecular transport, detoxification, and microbiome regulation of pharmaceutical fate in crops","authors":"Mostafakamal Shams, Ali Khadivi, Magdalena Urbaniak","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhag409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhag409","url":null,"abstract":"Pharmaceutical residues are increasingly detected in agricultural soils and crops, largely due to the use of reclaimed wastewater and the application of organic amendments such as biosolids and manure. This review expands the classical Green Liver concept by proposing an integrated plant-microbe framework in which plant metabolism, transporter- and carrier-mediated routing, and microbiome-driven transformations collectively shape pharmaceutical fate in horticultural systems. Rather than acting as passive sinks, plants regulate xenobiotic uptake, transformation, redistribution, and sequestration through coordinated Phase I (functionalization), Phase II (conjugation), and Phase III (compartmentation) detoxification processes. We examine how pharmaceutical properties, particularly ionization and hydrophobicity, interact with soil conditions and plant physiology to influence root uptake, vascular transport, and tissue-specific accumulation. Membrane transporters, including ABCC/MRP, ABCG/PDR, and MATE families, are central to cellular efflux and vacuolar sequestration, while major latex-like proteins (MLPs) have been proposed as candidate soluble carriers for selected hydrophobic xenobiotics, although their role in pharmaceutical transport remains unverified. In parallel, rhizospheric and endophytic microbiomes contribute complementary transformation pathways and stress buffering, extending detoxification beyond individual plants into a distributed plant-microbe network. Together, these advances redefine the Green Liver framework as a mechanistic basis for understanding pharmaceutical behavior in horticultural crops and provide a foundation for safer water reuse, reduced residue accumulation, and sustainable crop production.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149077682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Developmental–metabolic coordination in plant secretory structures: a secretory-domain perspective on specialized metabolite accumulation in horticultural and medicinal crops. 植物分泌结构中的发育代谢协调:园艺和药用作物中专门代谢物积累的分泌域视角。
IF 8.7 1区 农林科学
Horticulture Research Pub Date : 2026-09-30 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhag405
Kaixuan Shi, Lulu Zhang, Qi Li, Siqi Tang, Jun Song, Chengcai Zhang, Lingfang Feng, Yifeng Zhang, Sheng Wang, Lanping Guo
{"title":"Developmental–metabolic coordination in plant secretory structures: a secretory-domain perspective on specialized metabolite accumulation in horticultural and medicinal crops.","authors":"Kaixuan Shi, Lulu Zhang, Qi Li, Siqi Tang, Jun Song, Chengcai Zhang, Lingfang Feng, Yifeng Zhang, Sheng Wang, Lanping Guo","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhag405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhag405","url":null,"abstract":"Specialized secretory structures, including glandular trichomes, pigment glands, secretory cavities, resin ducts, and laticifers, are developmental systems through which plants spatially organize the biosynthesis, sequestration, protection, and release of specialized metabolites. In horticultural, medicinal, and aromatic crops, these structures are particularly important because they underlie the accumulation of essential oils, terpenoids, phenolics, alkaloids, latex-associated products, and other compounds that shape aroma, flavour, medicinal quality, defence, and economic value. Recent advances in developmental genetics, ultrastructure, cell-type-resolved transcriptomics, and spatial metabolite imaging have begun to clarify how secretory structures are built and how their formation is coordinated with specialized metabolism. Here, we synthesize progress across major classes of plant secretory structures and compare them as three organizational modes: surface-derived appendages, internal luminal systems, and continuous cytoplasmic systems. We propose that these secretory domains represent alternative structural solutions to a common functional challenge: accumulating highly bioactive metabolites while limiting self-exposure and enabling developmentally or ecologically regulated release. Current studies have revealed multiple forms of developmental–metabolic coordination in glandular trichomes, cotton pigment glands, Citrus oil glands, resin ducts, and laticifers, although the regulatory layers emphasized differ among these systems. By integrating structural development, metabolite sequestration, and crop-relevant function, this review provides a secretory-domain framework for understanding and improving specialized metabolite accumulation in horticultural and medicinal plants.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149077683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Integrative analyses revealed the domestication history, genomic targets of breeding and the spatiotemporal expression patterns of fruit traits in Chinese bayberry ( Myrica rubra ) 综合分析揭示了杨梅(Myrica rubra)的驯化历史、育种基因组目标和果实性状的时空表达模式。
IF 8.7 1区 农林科学
Horticulture Research Pub Date : 2026-09-30 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhag408
Jing Wu, Tongzhou Tao, Junke Li, Pan Li, Hongli Qie, Ruirui Fu, Pingping Ying, Han Lu, Martin Lascoux, Junbei Ni, Jun Chen
{"title":"Integrative analyses revealed the domestication history, genomic targets of breeding and the spatiotemporal expression patterns of fruit traits in Chinese bayberry ( Myrica rubra )","authors":"Jing Wu, Tongzhou Tao, Junke Li, Pan Li, Hongli Qie, Ruirui Fu, Pingping Ying, Han Lu, Martin Lascoux, Junbei Ni, Jun Chen","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhag408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhag408","url":null,"abstract":"he Chinese bayberry (Myrica rubra) is an important fruit crop in southern China with a domestication history longer than 3000 years. It is the only domesticated fruit crop in the family Myricaceae. In this study, we sequenced genomes of more than 200 wild and cultivated individuals and proposed that M. rubra diverged firstly in Northeast Asia before spreading from southwest to southeast China where the primary domestication occurred. Modern varieties like ‘dongkui’ and ‘biqi’ were developed from breeding with stronger selection on fruit traits in Zhejiang and Jiangsu. While genetic polymorphisms for fruit quality traits were identified and shown to be under selection, spatiotemporal expression patterns of candidate genes were also revealed across six developmental stages for nine varieties. Notably, by comparing to the white colored variety ‘shuijing’ we discovered a novel gene expression regulatory mechanism for fruit ripening coloration. It includes an activator (bHLH) and a repressor (IBH1), which form bHLH-IBH1 competitive inhibition mechanism regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis. These new insights into the genetic and regulatory mechanisms of Chinese bayberry will facilitate future fruit crop improvement.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149077681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evolutionary and functional analyses of terpene synthases involved in floral scent of Rhododendron fortunei 杜鹃花香味萜类合成酶的进化与功能分析
IF 8.7 1区 农林科学
Horticulture Research Pub Date : 2026-09-29 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhag410
Jie Jiang, Qi Wang, Xinya Zhang, Yuqing Cao, Chunyan Zhu, Liangsheng Zhang, Yiping Xia, Xiuyun Wang
{"title":"Evolutionary and functional analyses of terpene synthases involved in floral scent of Rhododendron fortunei","authors":"Jie Jiang, Qi Wang, Xinya Zhang, Yuqing Cao, Chunyan Zhu, Liangsheng Zhang, Yiping Xia, Xiuyun Wang","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhag410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhag410","url":null,"abstract":"Rhododendrons are prized ornamentals, yet most cultivars lack fragrance. This study investigates the molecular basis of floral scent in the fragrant wild species Rhododendron fortunei by integrating metabolomic, genomic, transcriptomic, and biochemical approaches. The floral scent of R. fortunei is dominated by monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, with 3-carene and β-pinene as the major constituents. Comparative genomics revealed that fragrant Rhododendron species harbor a larger number of terpene synthase (TPS) genes than non-fragrant germplasms, with the two fragrant species R. fortunei and R. ovatum exhibiting distinct expansion patterns. Four highly expressed TPSs, RfTPS09, RfTPS20, RfTPS36, and RfTPS65, localize to plastids or the cytosol and collectively catalyze the formation of approximately 60% of the floral terpenoid volatiles, with distinct substrate preferences. Notably, all five TPS-f members are tandemly arranged on chromosome 13, among which RfTPS09 exhibits the highest floral expression and harbors a specific MYB-binding element. RfMYB27 and RfMYB29 directly bind the RfTPS09 promoter and activate its transcription, yet promoter cis-element variation, rather than MYB expression levels, likely drives its high expression. Importantly, RfTPS09 deviates from canonical kaurene synthases (KS) function by producing both mono- and sesquiterpenes, suggesting neofunctionalization toward floral scent production via structural divergence and regulatory rewiring. Collectively, these findings elucidate the enzymatic, evolutionary and transcriptional mechanisms underlying floral fragrance in Rhododendron, and provide a foundation for scent improvement in ornamental plants.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149083848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The origin, expansion, and expression divergence of ethylene biosynthesis and signaling pathways in response to abiotic stresses in plants 植物对非生物胁迫的乙烯生物合成和信号通路的起源、扩展和表达分化
IF 8.7 1区 农林科学
Horticulture Research Pub Date : 2026-09-29 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhag404
Wei Jiang, Miaomiao Huang, Jianhui Cheng, Haiyang Tang, Peng Zheng, Wessam A Abdelrady, Yuanyuan Wang, Tao Tong, Kangfeng Cai, Qingfeng Zheng, Xiaoyuan Tao, Shengchun Xu, Fenglin Deng, Zhong-Hua Chen, Fanrong Zeng, Jingyin Yu
{"title":"The origin, expansion, and expression divergence of ethylene biosynthesis and signaling pathways in response to abiotic stresses in plants","authors":"Wei Jiang, Miaomiao Huang, Jianhui Cheng, Haiyang Tang, Peng Zheng, Wessam A Abdelrady, Yuanyuan Wang, Tao Tong, Kangfeng Cai, Qingfeng Zheng, Xiaoyuan Tao, Shengchun Xu, Fenglin Deng, Zhong-Hua Chen, Fanrong Zeng, Jingyin Yu","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhag404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhag404","url":null,"abstract":"Ethylene (ET) signaling molecules regulate seed germination, root development, flowering, fruit ripening, organ senescence, and stress responses in plants. Several vital proteins in ET biosynthesis and key ET signaling regulators have been well documented. However, the origin, evolution, and early diversification of important elements in plant ET signaling remains unknown. Here, we report the identification of the biosynthesis S-adenosyl-L-methionine synthetase (SAMS), 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (ACS), and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase (ACO), receptor ETHYLENE RESPONSE (ETR), and signaling ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE 3 (EIN3)/EIN3-LIKE (EIL) and EIN3-BINDING F-BOX PROTEIN (EBF) proteins of ET in algal and land plants. Evolutionary analysis revealed that ET pathway characterized not only by the invention of new core components (e.g., ACO genes, which absent in ferns, mosses, and algae), but also by the extensive duplication, diversification, and functional specialization of existing gene families (e.g., ACS and EIN3/EIL genes, which expanded through tandem and whole-genome duplications in seed plants). Besides, the expression of ET biosynthesis (SAMS, ACS, and ACO) and ET regulatory (ETR, EIN, and EBF) genes showed distinct patterns in diverse tissues. For instance, the ACO genes showed high expression in specific organs like flowers with deeply conserved across angiosperms, implying the fundamental role in floral biology. Besides, analysis of transcriptome revealed the potential role of ET in response to abiotic stress in evolutionary important plants including Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa, Ceratopteris richardii, and Physcomitrium patens, which exhibited a conserved core logic (e.g, the constitutive expression of SAMS genes) with extensive lineage-specific variation (e.g., the stress-induced expression of ACO genes). Functional validation through qPCR in tomato and fern confirmed differential expression of ACS and SAMS genes after ethephon treatment. Collectively, our analyses suggest that the SAMS, ACS, EIN, and EBF genes have evolved from Streptophyta and undergone different gene duplication events in terrestrialization, which could be important for adapting the diverse stress. The results could help to further elucidate the molecular mechanism of ET biosynthesis and regulatory genes to stress, which may furnish a valuable genetic reservoir for bolstering crop resilience to abiotic stresses and for steering precision varietal improvement.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149077684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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